新高中考試英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)素材與練習(xí)-續(xù)寫(xiě)微技能與思維點(diǎn)撥

讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)素材與練專題（1）續(xù)寫(xiě)微技能與思維點(diǎn)撥續(xù)寫(xiě)主要存在四個(gè)方面問(wèn)題：對(duì)原文的理解不到位，續(xù)寫(xiě)文不對(duì)題；與段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)的銜接不合理，行文邏輯不清；情節(jié)安排不合理或無(wú)話可說(shuō)；語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上，詞匯低級(jí)且出現(xiàn)較多的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確。此外，目前的續(xù)寫(xiě)教學(xué)以講評(píng)課、分析課居多，真正系統(tǒng)有效的語(yǔ)言輸入很少。與概要寫(xiě)作一樣，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)作為高考英語(yǔ)大作文，時(shí)間緊，任務(wù)重，考前一定要有足夠的準(zhǔn)備與積累。微技能一動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)一、動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)的原則1.要精準(zhǔn)使用精準(zhǔn)化動(dòng)作類詞匯對(duì)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行細(xì)致描寫(xiě),用一系列小動(dòng)作而不用大動(dòng)作或者用含義比較明確的動(dòng)詞而不用抽象或虛化的動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述,可以使描寫(xiě)更加具體生動(dòng)。試比較下面兩句:①Thelittleboysaidsorrytohismother.②Thelittleboyhunghisheadandmumbledanapologytohismother.分析:①句中“saidsorryto”不帶任何感情色彩,而②句中使用了具體化的表示“說(shuō)”的動(dòng)詞mumbled,從而使一個(gè)不愿意道歉又不得不道歉的小男孩的形象栩栩如生地復(fù)現(xiàn)在讀者腦海中。2.有過(guò)程記敘文中有不少動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)是一連串動(dòng)作過(guò)程的展示。尤其在展示人物個(gè)性的動(dòng)作時(shí),如果我們蜻蜓點(diǎn)水、一筆帶過(guò),就很難突出人物形象,也很難給人以深刻的印象,而通過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)展現(xiàn)出動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,表現(xiàn)力便會(huì)大增。如:①Shewenttocatchthebutterfly.②Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverswiftlyandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterflygently.分析:①句在描寫(xiě)主人公捕捉蝴蝶的動(dòng)作時(shí),沒(méi)有細(xì)節(jié)的動(dòng)作描寫(xiě),因此顯得很平淡。而②句運(yùn)用了creep,bend,cup三個(gè)連貫的動(dòng)詞生動(dòng)具體地描述了主人公小心翼翼捕捉蝴蝶的微妙過(guò)程,具有極強(qiáng)的畫(huà)面感。因此,在續(xù)寫(xiě)過(guò)程中,在必要的地方恰當(dāng)使用一連串的動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示過(guò)程,能為文章增添不少色彩。3.用修辭除了在動(dòng)詞上做調(diào)整,還可以利用恰當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手法來(lái)幫助描寫(xiě)動(dòng)作。比喻、擬人、夸張等修辭手法都能讓動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)變得更有表現(xiàn)力。(1)比喻①Theoldman’sfacewrinkled.②Theoldman’sfacewaslikeawitheredapple.(2)擬人①M(fèi)ystomachwasachingfornoteatingontime.②Mystomachwaspunishingmefornoteatingontime.(3)夸張①Whensheheardthebadnews,shecried.②Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.分析:上面每組中的②句分別使用了比喻、擬人、夸張的修辭手法,使得動(dòng)作的描述更加生動(dòng)形象,更加吸引眼球。二、動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)的素材1.與“看、聽(tīng)、說(shuō)”相關(guān)的詞塊①listenimpatiently不耐煩地聽(tīng)②glareangrilyatsb.對(duì)某人怒目而視③glancearound/roundtheroom掃視房間④stareat凝視⑤takealookat看⑥overhearafunnyconversation無(wú)意間聽(tīng)到一段好笑的談話⑦remark評(píng)論說(shuō)⑧add補(bǔ)充說(shuō)2.與“跑、跳、行走”等相關(guān)的詞塊①walkacrossastreet步行穿過(guò)馬路②walkarminarm臂挽著臂走③pacebackandforth來(lái)回踱步④jumptoone’sfeet一躍而起⑤walkgracefully步態(tài)優(yōu)美地走⑥r(nóng)ushoutoftheroom沖出房間【遷移應(yīng)用一】TheGreatGiftsOnce,agroupofschoolchildrenwereonanouting.Almostallofthemwereplayingball,exceptMonty,whowasseenasabitofafool—onlygoodforpokingfunat.Hedidn’tlikefights,orsports.Hewouldn’tevendefendhimselfwhentheystartedhittinghim!Hewassostrange.Butheplayedfootballwiththeothersandkickedtheballthatday.Itendedupoverinalittlecave.Whentheywentintogettheball,theyfoundawoodenchestcontaininganamazingbook.Thebookwasgivingoffamagicalshine.Thechildrenrantogivethebooktotheteacher,whowasfascinatedbyit.Theyallagreedtoreaditinclassinthecomingdays.

ThebookwascalledTheGreatGifts,anditrecountedwonderfultalesaboutgreatinventors,artists,wisewriters,explorers,andtreasurehunters.Witheachstorythechildrenbecamemorewide-eyed,andtheywereenchantedbyallthosecharacterswithspecialgifts.Theyfinallyreachedthelastpageofthebook,whichspokeabouttheoriginofthosegreatfigures.Theteacherread:“There’saplaceinheavencalledthefountainofhearts,where,priortobirth,eachheartisassigneditsspecialgifts.Theyusealittlebitofeverythingtomakenormalpeople.But,nowandagain,somethinggoeswrong,andsomeheartsendupmuchemptierthannormal.Inthosecases,theheartsfillupwithalastgiftwhichmakesthepersonexceptional.Theycanlackmanyotherqualities;inmanywaystheywillbedifferentfromeveryoneelse,andtheymaywellbeseenasstrangechildren.However,whentheirspecialgiftisdiscovered,theirachievementswillbecomepartofbookslikethisone.”P(pán)aragraph1:Whentheteacherclosedthebook,therewasalongsilenceintheclassroom.

Paragraph2:Wasn’theexactlyoneofthespecialcases,asthebookhaddescribed?

Whentheteacherclosedthebook,therewasalongsilenceintheclassroom.Whilethechildrenwereallthinkingabouttheirowngifts,Montycameoutwithoneofhisstrangecomments,“Ifyougetahearttransplant,andtheygiveyouapig’sheart,willyoutakeonapig’squalities?”HearingwhatMontysaid,everyonewantedtoburstoutlaughing,butlookingatMonty,theybegantofallintothinking.

Wasn’theexactlyoneofthespecialcases,asthebookhaddescribed?MaybeitwasrightthatMontywasthedefinitecaseofthiskind.Alloftheclassmatesfeltverysorryforeverytimetheyhadalwayslaughedathim.Fromthatdayon,theyallworkedtogethertotrytohelpMontytodiscoverhisspecialgiftinart.Severalyearslater,MontybecameafamousartistjustasthebookTheGreatGiftsshowed.

微技能二心理描寫(xiě)心理描寫(xiě)的原則1.落實(shí)“細(xì)微處”描寫(xiě)在描寫(xiě)人物心理活動(dòng)時(shí),一定要突出細(xì)節(jié),所有的感情都體現(xiàn)在“細(xì)微處”,所以盡量不用籠統(tǒng)的詞,如smile,cry等,而用相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)性詞匯或詞組,例如:①Lilysmiledhappily.②Lilyworeashiningsmileonherface.分析:①句中“smile”是一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)的描述微笑的詞匯,而②句中使用了woreashiningsmile,用詞組的形式更加突出細(xì)節(jié),展示了細(xì)微和精致的“微笑”。2.體現(xiàn)“多樣性”結(jié)構(gòu)在進(jìn)行人物心理描寫(xiě)時(shí),盡量避免平鋪直敘,可以多采用如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式,作為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的伴隨狀態(tài),從而使得描寫(xiě)到位,并體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。如:①Hereyeswerefilledwithtears,andsheofferedhersincerethankstotheman.②Tearsfillinghereyes,sheofferedhersincerethankstotheman.分析:①句在描寫(xiě)心理活動(dòng)“哭泣”時(shí),用到了Hereyeswerefilledwithtears。而②句則把這句改成了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),運(yùn)用了Tearsfillinghereyes,更顯得描寫(xiě)的細(xì)致,同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了句式的多樣化,展示了高超的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。3.展示“豐富化”修辭除了選擇細(xì)致的心理描寫(xiě)詞匯和多樣化的句式表達(dá)外,提升語(yǔ)言層次的另外一種方式是多使用修辭方法,例如:①Thesmileonherfaceshonelikeadiamond.②IfeellikeIamfloatinginanoceanofsadness.分析:①句中,把“微笑”比喻成“像鉆石一樣閃閃發(fā)光”;而②句中,把“悲傷”比喻成“漂浮在悲傷的海洋里”,展示了用修辭來(lái)體現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)的豐富。二、心理描寫(xiě)的素材1.與“喜悅和滿意”相關(guān)的詞塊abright/shiningsmile燦爛的微笑amixtureofexcitementandhappiness既興奮又開(kāi)心burstintolaughter/burstoutlaughing突然大笑起來(lái)bewildwithjoy/delight欣喜若狂bejoyfulabout/at/over對(duì)……很高興beinhighspirits情緒高漲bepleasedbeyonddescription快樂(lè)難以言表lightup喜逐顏開(kāi)becontent/satisfiedwith對(duì)……滿意bedelightedat對(duì)……很高興withpleasure非常樂(lè)意2.與“悲傷和煩惱”相關(guān)的詞塊besadatheart心里悲傷bedowninspirits情緒低落anoceanofsadness悲傷的海洋burstintotears/burstoutcrying大哭起來(lái)sob啜泣becloudedwithgrief陰沉的悲傷beinlowspirits情緒低落fallintodespair陷入絕望feeldepressed/discouraged感到沮喪/泄氣haveaworriedlook愁眉苦臉3.與“生氣和怨怒”相關(guān)的詞塊beveryangryat對(duì)……很生氣feelangry/annoyed感到惱怒/生氣beseizedbyanger充滿憤怒befumingwithrage大發(fā)雷霆tremblewithanger憤怒得顫抖alookofburninganger憤怒的一眼glareatsb.怒視flareup勃然大怒beinarage一怒之下bemadat對(duì)……生氣【遷移應(yīng)用二】Oneday,mybrotherandIwerealoneinourapartment.Thereasonwasthatmyparentshadbothgoneforaballpartyandhadleftmeinchargeofeverything.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyyoungerbrotherwaswatchingTV.Allofasudden,thedoorbellrang.Ding-dong!Ding-dong!MyyoungerbrotherhadrushedtothedoorbeforeIdecidedtoanswerthedoor.Weboththoughtthatourparentshadcomehome.Asaresult,heunlockedthedoorandopenedit.Outsideofthehousestoodamanwhoworeablackraincoatandblackrubberboots.Helookednodifferentfromotherpeopleandhesaidthathewasasalesmanandaskedpolitelyifourmotherorfatherwasathomesohecouldtalkwiththem.Withoutanythinking,mybrothersaid,“No.”Heaskedifwewouldliketobuysomecomicbooks,whichhewasselling.Iquicklyexplainedtohimthatwewerenotsupposedtobuyanythingwithoutourparents’permission.However,itseemedthathewasnotwillingtofollowmyadviceandhehadanintentiontoenterourhouse.Then,Irealizedsomethingterriblewouldhappen.AsIwasabouttoclosethedoor,heforcedhiswayintoourhouse.Hetookoutaknifeandforcedmetotieupmybrother’shandswithsomeropewhichhetookoutfromhispocket.ItieduphishandsbutItiedinaspecialwaysomybrothercoulduntiehimselfasweoftendid.Themanthentiedmyhandsupandlockedbothofusinthekitchen.Soon,hewentupstairstosearchthebedroomforsomethingvaluable.Imanagedtoteachmybrothertountietheropeonhishands.Hethenuntiedme.Irushedtothetelephonetocallthepolice,butthelinewasdead.Paragraph1:Thedoorswerealllockedfromtheoutsideandwhat’sworse,Ididnothavethekeys.Paragraph2:Justatthesametimeourparentscamebackhome.范文欣賞Thedoorswerealllockedfromtheoutsideandwhat’sworse,Ididnothavethekeys.Butluckily,themanforgottolockthekitchenwindow.BothmybrotherandImanagedtogetoutofthehousethroughthewindowwithjoyandwerantothenearbypolicestation,nervouslybuthappily,whereweaskedthemforhelp.Thepolicebravelyarrivedatourhouseassoonaspossible.Andasaresult,themanwascaught,whichmadeusveryhappy.Justatthesametimeourparentscamebackhome.Thepoliceaskedmyfamilytogotothepolicestation.Itwasattherethepolicetoldusthatthemanwasawantedrobberpretendingtosellcomicbooksandtheyhadbeenlookingforhimforalongtime.Thepolicepraisedmybrotherandmeforourbraveness.Backhome,Itoldmyparentsthewholestoryabouttherobberywithamixtureofexcitementandhappiness.Theywerethankfulthatwewerenothurtbuttheyscoldedmefornotstoppingmybrotherfromopeningthedoortostrangers.Ilearnedalessononsafetyandresponsibility.微技能三修辭描寫(xiě)ExamplesofMetaphorExample1Allreligions,arts,andsciencesarebranchesofthesametree.(AlbertEinstein)Clearly,Einsteinwasn’ttalkingaboutaliteraltree.Buthe’sshowingacloserelationshipbetweendifferenttopicsbysuggestingthatthey’reallpartofthesamelivingthing.Healsobasicallyraisesaninterestingquestion–ifart,religion,andscienceareallbranches,whatshouldwecallthetree’strunk?很明顯，愛(ài)因斯坦說(shuō)的不是字面意義上的樹(shù)。但他通過(guò)暗示不同的主題都是同一生物的一部分，展示了它們之間的密切關(guān)系。他還提出了一個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題——如果藝術(shù)、宗教和科學(xué)都是分支的話，我們?cè)撛趺捶Q呼樹(shù)的樹(shù)干呢?Example2Thatfootballplayerisreallyputtingtheteamonhisbackthisevening!Footballcommentatorsusethisphraseallthetimewhenanentireteamappearstobedependingonitsrunningback.Theimageofasinglemanrunninghardwithawholefootballteamonhisbackisanexpressionofhardworkanddedication.當(dāng)整個(gè)球隊(duì)似乎都依賴于它的跑動(dòng)時(shí)，足球評(píng)論員總是使用這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。一個(gè)人背著整個(gè)足球隊(duì)拼命奔跑的形象是努力工作和獻(xiàn)身精神的表現(xiàn)。Example3Shewasarockstaratourlastbusinesspresentation.Thisisprobablynotreferringtoaliteralrockstarfallingfromspaceortheothercommonmetaphor:amusicianperformingatarockconcert.Instead,itsimplymeansthepersondeliveredagreatperformanceatthemeetingandstoodoutlikearockstaronthestage.這可能不是指字面意義上的搖滾明星從天而降，也不是其他常見(jiàn)的比喻:音樂(lè)家在搖滾音樂(lè)會(huì)上表演。相反，它只是意味著這個(gè)人在會(huì)議上表現(xiàn)出色，像舞臺(tái)上的搖滾明星一樣引人注目微技能四外部沖突1)角色之間的沖突(人物觀點(diǎn)差異，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)需要等)如：(201711浙江高考)Onthefourthorfifthnight,wehadtroublefindingahotelwithavacancy.Afterdrivinginvainforsometime,Momsuddenlygotagreatidea:Whydidn'twefindahousewithalikely-lookingbackyardandaskifwecouldsetuptentthere?DavidandIbecamenervous.開(kāi)車找旅館徒勞無(wú)功母親建議搭帳篷在他人后院David和我倍感緊張，心有不悅(母子的觀點(diǎn)不一)2)角色與環(huán)境之間的沖突如：(201706浙江高考)ThenMacheardquickandloudbreathingbehindhim.……h(huán)esawinstantlythatitwasn'tadogatall,butawolf:quicklycatchingupwithhim.Mac'sheartjumped.……,hefiredthesprayatthewolf.Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andtoMac'srelief,itfellback,shakingitshead.Butaminutelater,…….Thenit……,tearingopenhistentbag.Hefiredatthewolfasecondtime,andagain,itfellback……Mac騎車獨(dú)自行，路遇餓狼，與之搏斗，險(xiǎn)象環(huán)生。(人--角色與狼--