北外英語翻譯資格中級(jí)筆譯試題

PAGEPAGE18教育部全國(guó)翻譯證書考試2001年試題（中級(jí)筆譯）2001年北外英語翻譯資格中級(jí)筆譯試題

passage1

artificialspeechbecausespeechisthemostconvenientformofcommunication,inthefuturewewantessentiallynaturalconversationswithcomputers.theprimarypointofcontactwillbeasimpledevicethatwillactasourwindowontheworld.youwillsimplytalktoit.thedevicewillbepermanentlyconnectedtotheinternetandwillbeeprelevantinformationuptoyouasitcomesin.

justhowquicklypeoplewilladapttoavoice-basedinternetworldisuncertain.manybelievethat,initiallyatleast,wewillneedsimilarconventionsforthevoicetothoseweuseatpresentonscreen:click,back,forward,andsoon.butsoonyouwillundoubtedlybeabletointeractbyvoicewithallthoseit-basedservicesyoucurrentlyconnectwithovertheinternetbymeansofakeyboard.thiswillhelptheinternetservetheentirepopulation,notjusttechno-freaks.

changeslikethiswillencompassthewholeworld.becauseenglishisthelanguageofscience,itwillprobablyremainthelanguageinwhichthetechnologyismostadvanced,butmostspeech-recognitiontechniquesaretransferabletootherlanguagesprovidedthereissufficientmotivationtoundertakethework.

withintenyearswewillhavecomputersthatrespondtogoal-directedconversations,butforacomputertohaveaconversationthattakesintoaccounthumansocialbehaviourisprobably50yearsoff.we’renotgoingtobechattingtothebigscreeninthelivingroomjustyet.

therearethoseintheitcommunitywhobelievethatcurrenttechniqueswilleventuallyhitabrickwall.personally,ibelievethatincrementaldevelopmentsinperformancearemorelikely.butit’struethatbyabout2040orso,computerarchitectureswillneedtobecomehighlyparallelifperformanceistokeepincreasing.perhapsthatwillinspiresomeradicallynewapproachestospeechunderstandingthatwillsupplantthemethodswe’redevelopingnow.smallvendorsengageinsimplespot-markettransactions,withbuyersandsellersdealingfacetofacetotradefairlystandardproductswhosequalityiseasytoverify.langemultinationalfirmsexchangemoredifferentiatedproducts,facegreaterdifficultiesinverifyingquality,andmustspangreaterseparationsintimeandspacebetweenonepartofthetransactionandtheother.mosteconomieshavebothtypesofmarkets.butthefirstisrelativelymorecommonindevelopingcountries,thesecondinindustrialeconomies.developedmarkets-moreglobal,moreinclusive,andmoreintegrated-offermoreopportunityandchoice.underdevelopedmarkets,morelikelyinpoorcountries,tendtobemorelocalandsegmented.so,comparedwithfarmersincanada,poorfarmersinbangladeshhavefeweropportunitiesandfarfewerformalinstitutions(suchasbanksandformalcourts)toreducetheirrisksandincreasetheiropportunities.

whatlimitsmarketopportunities?thetransactioncostsstemmingfrominadequateinformationandincompletedefinitionandenforcementofpropertyrights.andbarrierstoentryfornewparticipants.whatincreasesthem?institutionsthatraisethereturnsfrommarketexchange,reducerisk,andincreaseefficiency.

yetnotallinstitutionspromoteinclusivemarkets.institutionaldesignsthatevolvethroughhistoricalcircumstancesoraredirectedbypolicymakersarenotnecessarilythebestforallofsocietyorforeconomicgrowthandpovertyreduction.forinstance,stateagriculturalmarketingboards,insteadofhelpingfarmers,haveoftenresultedinlowerincomesfortheminafrica.andinstitutionsthatoncesupportedmarkettransactionscanoutlivetheirusefulness,forexample,privatizationagenciesandbankrestructuringagencies.thechallengeforpolicymakersistoshapeinstitutionaldevelopmentinwaysthatenhanceeconomicdevelopmentPart2TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish2hours

Passage1

保姆校長(zhǎng)

常常聽到一些大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)說：“我把學(xué)生當(dāng)自己的兒女看待。”他也真做得像個(gè)嚴(yán)父慈母：規(guī)定學(xué)生睡眠要足8小時(shí)，清晨6點(diǎn)必須起床做操，不許穿拖鞋在校內(nèi)行走，等等。

我一直以為大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)是高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚、指導(dǎo)學(xué)術(shù)與教育大方向的決策人，而不是管饅頭稀飯的保姆。教育者或許會(huì)說：“這些學(xué)生如果進(jìn)大學(xué)以前，就已經(jīng)學(xué)好自治自律的話，我就不必如此喂之哺之；就是因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)教育沒教好，所以我辦大學(xué)的人不得不教?！?/p>

聽起來有理，可是學(xué)生之所以在小學(xué)、中學(xué)12年間沒有學(xué)會(huì)自治自律，就是因?yàn)樗麄円恢苯邮芪共甘降妮o導(dǎo)，大學(xué)再來繼續(xù)進(jìn)行“育嬰”，這豈不是一個(gè)沒完沒了的惡性循環(huán)？我們對(duì)大學(xué)教育的期許是什么？教出一個(gè)言聽計(jì)從、循規(guī)蹈矩的學(xué)生，還是教出一個(gè)自己會(huì)看情況、做決定的學(xué)生？

Passage2

發(fā)展問題

發(fā)展問題一直是世界各國(guó)普遍關(guān)注的問題。大部分發(fā)展中國(guó)家取得獨(dú)立后，在發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟(jì)、改變貧窮落后面貌、縮小同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)差距等方面，取得了巨大成績(jī)。一些國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)“起飛”，甚至創(chuàng)造了“奇跡”。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是社會(huì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，但有增長(zhǎng)不一定有發(fā)展。為了避免“有增長(zhǎng)、無發(fā)展”的現(xiàn)象，世界各國(guó)都把可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為國(guó)家宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的一種重要選擇，并深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到，人類需要一個(gè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的途徑。這是人類發(fā)展觀的重大轉(zhuǎn)折，具有深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義。

然而，在保持生態(tài)環(huán)境問題上，發(fā)展中國(guó)家存在的問題較為嚴(yán)重。特別是，一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家或沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的深刻內(nèi)涵，或認(rèn)識(shí)得很不深刻，采取的不得力。因此，在今后制定新的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略時(shí)，把可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為一個(gè)突出的重要內(nèi)容，是大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家面臨的迫切和艱巨的任務(wù)。2002年全國(guó)翻譯證書考試中級(jí)筆譯試題TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese2hoursYoumayusetheadditionalpaperforanyroughworkbutyoumustcopyyouranswersontothispaper.

Passage1TheAtlanticAllianceNeedsTendingTheU.S.andEurope.Thesedays,theybickeralmostlikeacouplewhoselongmarriageisindangerofunravelling.Thelitanyofmisunderstandingsandmutualresentmentseemstobegrowing.Fromthedeathpenaltytosteeltariffs,fromtheIsraeli-Palestinianconflicttomilitaryspending,thereisanabyssbetweenAmericanandEuropeanpositionsoninnumerableissues.

Eachsidefeelstheotherisn’tshoulderingenoughoftheburdensfacingboth.TheEuropeansseeanunbendingposture,fromtheBushAdministration’sprotectinginefficientU.S.steelcompaniestoitsthreatstotakeoutIraq’sSaddamHussein—alone,ifnecessary.U.S.policymakers,fortheirpart,arelosingpatiencewithEuropeans’inabilitytogetseriousaboutdefencespending.ThewarinAfghanistanhasbroughthometherealitythatmuchofEuropehasfallenbehindinmilitarytechnology.AndWashingtonisannoyedatEurope’sfecklessattemptsateconomicreforms.Asaresult,Europecouldn’tplaytheroleofeconomiclocomotivetohelppulltheU.S.outofitsdownturnin2001.Thisyear,EuropeissettogrowlessthantheU.S.onceagain.

Relationshipsintroublecanbefixed,andthisonehadbetterbe.Inaworldincreasinglyfraughtwithdanger,EuropeanleadersmustcommitthemselvestobiggermilitarybudgetsorriskbeingmarginalisedbytheU.S.militarymachine.The$45.1billionhikeinmilitaryspendingtheBushAdministrationispushingfornextyearis$12.1billionmorethantheentiredefencebudgetofFrance.TheU.S.couldhelpbyopeningupmoreofitsvastmilitarymarkettoEuropeanpartners.AndWashingtonshouldrealisethatinmanyglobalchallengesasmartmultilateralapproachcanbemuchmoreeffectivethanunilateralism.

AworldinwhichtheU.S.andEuropegooffontheirown,inwhichtheAtlanticallianceisreducedtomerelipservicetoidealslongsinceabandoned,isafrighteningone.Passage2NewTechnologiesSomenewtechnologiesarefrighteningfromthestart,andtheneedtoestablishpoliticalcontrolsovertheirdevelopmentanduseisobvioustoall.WhenthefirstatomicbombwasdetonatedatAlamogordo,NewMexico,inthesummerof1945,notoneofthewitnessestothiseventfailedtounderstandthataterriblenewpotentialfordestructionhadbeencreated.Nuclearweaponswerethusfromtheverybeginningringedwithpoliticalcontrols:Individualscouldnotfreelydevelopnucleartechnologyontheirownortrafficinthepartsnecessarytocreateatomicbombs,andintime,nationsthatbecamesignatoriestothe1968nonproliferationtreatyagreedtocontrolinternationaltradeinnucleartechnology.Othernewtechnologiesappeartobemuchmorebenign,andareconsequentlysubjecttolittleornoregulation.PersonalcomputersandtheInternet,forexample,promisedtocreatewealth,increaseaccesstoinformation,andfostercommunityamongtheirusers.Peoplehavehadtolookhardfordownsidestotheinformationrevolution.Whattheyhavefoundtodateareissuesliketheso-called“digitaldivide”(i.e.,inequalityofaccesstoinformationtechnology)andthreatstoprivacy,neitherofwhichqualifyasearth-shakingmattersofjusticeormorality.Despiteoccasionaleffortsonthepartoftheworld’smorestatistsocietiestotrytocontroltheuseofinformationtechnology,ithasblossomedinrecentyears.

Biotechnologyfallssomewherebetweentheseextremes.TransgeniccropsandhumangeneticengineeringmakepeoplefarmoreuneasythandopersonalcomputersortheInternet.Butbiotechnologyalsopromisesimportantbenefitsforhumanhealthandwell-being.Whenpresentedwithanadvanceliketheabilitytocurediabetes,itishardforpeopletoarticulatereasonswhytheiruneasewiththetechnologyshouldstandinthewayofprogress.Itiseasiesttoobjecttoanewbiotechnologyifitsdevelopmentleadstoabotchedclinicaltrialortoadeadlyallergicreactiontoageneticallymodifiedfood.Buttherealthreatofbiotechnologyliesinthepossibilitiesofhumancloning,“designerbabies”—eugenicselectionforintelligence,sex,andpersonality—andeventually,theendofthehumanspeciesassuch。Part2Passage1引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民向城市轉(zhuǎn)移中國(guó)有12多億人口，農(nóng)民占了9億多。盡管農(nóng)村社會(huì)在進(jìn)一步分化，但農(nóng)村人口卻沒有減少，反而在增加。據(jù)中國(guó)社科院調(diào)查，與1978年相比，1999年農(nóng)民增加了800多萬人。一份研究報(bào)告指出，“沒有城市化的發(fā)展，農(nóng)村、的農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)民的問題也不可能得到有效解決。過去人們常講，農(nóng)民問題歸根到底是土地問題，這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)基本解決了。現(xiàn)在的農(nóng)民問題是就業(yè)問題。”因此，調(diào)整城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，加快城市化的步伐，改變城市化嚴(yán)重滯后于工業(yè)化的狀況，應(yīng)是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家估計(jì)，到2005年，中國(guó)農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力將上升至兩億人，這一龐大人口需要城市來吸納。

轉(zhuǎn)移龐大的農(nóng)村人口，僅靠大城市顯然是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，因?yàn)榇蟪鞘械木蜆I(yè)壓力普遍較重。一些專家認(rèn)為，農(nóng)村人口轉(zhuǎn)移的出路還是應(yīng)以小城鎮(zhèn)為主。城鎮(zhèn)居民的生活支出、的子女的教育投入等都比農(nóng)民高出許多，城鎮(zhèn)提供的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)也遠(yuǎn)比農(nóng)村多。Passage2中年人的閱讀隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，書會(huì)像潮水一樣涌來。不能隨便歌頌書了，書往往是一些垃圾。清除垃圾很難，但起碼可以繞開，繞得越遠(yuǎn)越好。當(dāng)然有時(shí)候?qū)τ谀承氖桦x，不只是書本身的問題，而主要是人的問題：作為一個(gè)讀者，他的心情變了。

讓青少年興奮的書，中老年人不一定看。人一到了中年，心情多多少少變得蒼涼了。中年人的情感既結(jié)實(shí)又樸素，這就影響到書的選擇。有閱讀能力和閱讀習(xí)慣的中年人是很多的，他們的知識(shí)、的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和判斷力有可能在深層左右著閱讀的方向和趣味。中年人更愿意看真實(shí)事件和場(chǎng)景的記錄，比如重要人物的傳記，游歷筆記，回憶錄和目擊記，地理勘察錄，探險(xiǎn)記等等。在這種閱讀中有一些特別的快感，那是因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)過程始終伴隨了這樣的提醒：這些文字是真實(shí)的。</P<p>2002年3月英語中級(jí)筆譯考試漢譯英我常想，窗可以算房屋的眼睛。眼睛是靈魂的窗戶，我們看見外界，同時(shí)也讓人看到我們的內(nèi)心；眼睛往往跟著心在轉(zhuǎn)。我們跟戴黑眼鏡的人談話，總覺得捉摸不住他的用意，彷佛他以假面具相對(duì)，就是為此。歌德恨一切戴眼鏡的人，說他們看得清楚他臉上的皺紋，但是他給他們的玻璃片耀得眼花繚亂，看不出他們的心境。

窗子許里面人看出去，同時(shí)也許外面人看進(jìn)來，所以在熱鬧地方住的人要用窗簾子，替他們私生活做個(gè)保障。晚上訪人，只要看窗里有無燈光，就約略可以猜到主人在不在家，不必打開了門再問，好比不等人開口，從眼睛里看出他的心思。關(guān)窗的作用等于閉眼。天地間有許多景象是要閉了眼才看得見的，比如夢(mèng)。假使窗外的人聲物態(tài)太嘈雜了，關(guān)了窗好讓靈魂自由地去探勝，安靜地默想。

有時(shí)，關(guān)窗和閉眼也有連帶關(guān)系，你覺得窗外的世界不過爾爾，并不能給予你什么滿足，你想回到故鄉(xiāng)，你要看見跟你分離的親友，你只有睡覺，閉了眼向夢(mèng)里尋去，于是你起來先關(guān)了窗。因?yàn)橹皇谴禾?，還殘留著殘冷，窗子也不能整天整夜不關(guān)的。

ioftenthinkthatthewindowistheeyeofahouse.theysaythattheeyesarethewindowsofthesoul.withtheeyesweseetheworld,andatthesametimetheyletothersseeourinnerselves–theeyescommunicatethemovementsandturningsoftheheart.thatiswhyitisalwaysdifficulttofigureouttheintentionsofsomeonewearingdarkglasses.itseemsasifwearetalkingtosomeonewearingamask.goethehatedeveryonewithglasses,sayingthattheycouldseethewrinklesonhisface,whilethedazzlingglareoftheirlenseswouldpreventhimfromseeingwhatwasonintheirminds.

awindowlikewiseallowsthosewhoareinsidetoseeoutside,andalsoallowsoutsiderstoseeinside.thatiswhythosewholiveinbustlingareasneedtodrawtheircurtainstoprotecttheirprivacy.whenvisitingfriendsatnight,there’snoneedtowaituntilthedoorisopenedtoaskifthey’rethere.similarly,youdon’tneedtowaitforamantoopenhismouthtoworkoutwhat’sonhismind–youcanseethatfromhiseyes.

shuttingawindowworksinthesamewayasclosingone’seyes.therearemanythingsthatcanbeseenonlywiththeeyesclosed.dreams,forinstance.ifoutsidethereistoomuchnoiseandexcitement,closingthewindowwillmakeiteasierforthesoultoengageinfreeexplorationandquietcontemplation.

sometimesclosingtheeyesisconnectedtoshuttingthewindows:whenyoufeelthattheworldoutsideissocommonplaceandunrewardingthatyouwanttogobacktoyourhometownandseerelativesandfriendsfromwhomyouhavebeenlongparted,allyouhavetodoisshutthewindowsbeforeyougotosleep,andcloseyoureyesbeforeyoudream.butthewindowsstillcannotbeleftopenalldayandallnighlong,sinceitisstillspring,andstillcold.2004年3月英語中級(jí)筆譯考試真題兩例1、中華民族歷來珍惜和平。中國(guó)的崛起是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量來發(fā)展自己。對(duì)外關(guān)系中，我們一貫主張以鄰為伴、與人為善，同各國(guó)發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。2、中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是、今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間仍將是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。中國(guó)有13億人口，這是最大的國(guó)情。中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已居全球第二位，但人均水平卻排在第138位。我們還面臨不容忽視的失業(yè)、貧困和發(fā)展不均衡等問題。中國(guó)要趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，還需要幾代人、十幾代人的艱苦努力。2009年5月二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題目前最全面發(fā)布CompulsoryTranslationTherewas,lastweek,aglimmerofhopeintheworldfoodcrisis.Expectingabumperharvest,Ukrainerelaxedrestrictionsonexports.Overnight,globalwheatpricesfellby10percent.Bycontrast,tradersinBangkokquotericepricesaround$1,000aton,upfrom$460twomonthsago.Suchisthevolatilityoftoday’smarkets.Wedonotknowhowhighfoodpricesmightgo,norhowfartheycouldfall.Butonethingiscertain:Wehavegonefromaneraofplentytooneofscarcity.Expertsagreethatfoodpricesarenotlikelytoreturntothelevelstheworldhadgrownaccustomedtoanytimesoon.Imaginethesituationofthoselivingonlessthan$1aday-the“bottombillion,”thepoorestoftheworld’spoor.MostliveinAfrica,andmanymighttypicallyspendtwo-thirdsoftheirincomeonfood.InLiberialastweek,Iheardhowpeoplehavestoppedpurchasingimportedricebythebag.Instead,theyincreasinglybuyitbythecup,becausethat’salltheycanafford.TravelingthoughWestAfrica,Ifoundgoodreasonforoptimism.InBurkinaFaso,Isawagovernmentworkingtoimportdroughtresistantseedsandbettermanagescarcewatersupplies,helpedbynationslikeBrazil.InIvoryCoast,wesawawomen’scooperativerunningachickenfarmsetupwithUNfunds.Theprojectgeneratedincome-andfood-forvillagersinwaysthatcaneasilybereplicated.Elsewhere,Isawyetanotherwomen’sgroupslowlyexpandingtheirlocalagriculturalproduction,withUNhelp.SoontheywillreplaceWorldFoodProgramricewiththeirownhome-grownproduce,sufficienttocovertheneedsoftheirschoolfeedingprogram.Thesearehome-grown,grass-rootssolutionsforgrass-rootsproblems-preciselythekindofsolutionsthatAfricaneeds.Topic1Foradecade,metallurgistsstudyingthehulkoftheTitanichavearguedthatthestoriedoceanlinerwentdownquicklyafterhittinganicebergbecausetheship'sbuilderusedsubstandardrivetsthatpoppedtheirheadsandlettonsoficyseawaterrushin.Morethan1,500peopledied.Nowateamofscientistshasmovedintodeeperwaters,uncoveringevidenceinthebuilder'sownarchivesofadeadlymixofgreatambitionanduseoflow-qualityironthatdoomedtheship,whichsank96yearsagoTuesday.Thescientistsfoundthattheship'sbuilder,HarlandandWolff,inBelfast,struggledforyearstoobtainadequatesuppliesofrivetsandriveterstobuildtheworld'sthreebiggestshipsatonce:theTitanicandtwosisters,OlympicandBritannic.Eachrequiredthreemillionrivets,andshortagespeakedduringTitanic'sconstruction."Theboardwasincrisismode,"saidJenniferHooperMcCarty,amemberoftheteamthatstudiedthecompany'sarchiveandotherevidence."Itwasconstantstress.Everymeetingitwas,'There'sproblemswiththerivets,andweneedtohiremorepeople.'"Theteamcollectedothercluesfrom48Titanicrivets,usingmoderntests,computersimulations,comparisonstocentury-oldmetalsandcarefuldocumentationofwhatengineersandshipbuildersoftheeraconsideredstateoftheart.ThescientistssaythetroublesbeganwhenthecolossalplansforcedHarlandandWolfftoreachbeyonditsusualsuppliersofrivetironandincludesmallerforges,asdisclosedincompanyandBritishgovernmentpapers.Smallforgestendedtohavelessskillandexperience.Addingtothethreat,thecompany,inbuyingironforTitanic'srivets,orderedNo.3bar,knownas"best,"notNo.4,knownas"best-best,"thescientistsfound.TheyalsodiscoveredthatshipbuildersofthedaytypicallyusedNo.4ironforanchors,chainsandrivets.Sotheliner,whosenamewasmeanttobesynonymouswithopulence,inatleastoneinstancereliedoncheapmaterials.ThescientistsarguethatbetterrivetswouldhaveprobablykepttheTitanicafloatlongenoughforrescuerstohavearrivedbeforetheicyplunge,savinghundredsoflives.CompulsoryTranslation“中國(guó)制造”模式遭遇發(fā)展瓶頸，這種模式必須要改進(jìn)和提高。一些外國(guó)人認(rèn)為，“中國(guó)制造”大約就是質(zhì)量低下的代名詞。不可否認(rèn)，少數(shù)產(chǎn)品的確存在質(zhì)量問題，讓大多數(shù)價(jià)廉質(zhì)優(yōu)的產(chǎn)品代其受罪。質(zhì)量是產(chǎn)品的生命線。隨著外國(guó)市場(chǎng)的夸大，中國(guó)企業(yè)也意識(shí)到質(zhì)量的重要性。因此一場(chǎng)旨在提高質(zhì)量，提供優(yōu)良服務(wù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)正在興起。在傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)中，中國(guó)企業(yè)通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和質(zhì)量管理，為國(guó)際市場(chǎng)提供高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。在新興的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，中國(guó)企業(yè)以高科技為師，增強(qiáng)和外國(guó)企業(yè)的交流與合作，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。近幾年來，中國(guó)政府通過立法和社會(huì)監(jiān)督保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，創(chuàng)造全社會(huì)重視產(chǎn)品問題的環(huán)境。“中國(guó)制造”模式遭遇發(fā)展瓶頸，這種模式必須要改進(jìn)和提高。一些外國(guó)人認(rèn)為，“中國(guó)制造”大約就是質(zhì)量低下的代名詞。不可否認(rèn)，少數(shù)產(chǎn)品的確存在質(zhì)量問題，讓大多數(shù)價(jià)廉質(zhì)優(yōu)的產(chǎn)品代其受罪。質(zhì)量是產(chǎn)品的生命線。隨著外國(guó)市場(chǎng)的夸大，中國(guó)企業(yè)也意識(shí)到質(zhì)量的重要性。因此一場(chǎng)旨在提高質(zhì)量，提供優(yōu)良服務(wù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)正在興起。在傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)中，中國(guó)企業(yè)通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和質(zhì)量管理，為國(guó)際市場(chǎng)提供高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。在新興的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，中國(guó)企業(yè)以高科技為師，增強(qiáng)和外國(guó)企業(yè)的交流與合作，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。近幾年來，中國(guó)政府通過立法和社會(huì)監(jiān)督保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，創(chuàng)造全社會(huì)重視產(chǎn)品問題的環(huán)境。Topic11996年，一位攝影師在新疆喀納斯自然保護(hù)區(qū)無意間拍到一只白熊。自此以后的十年里，白熊藏身于深山之中，再無音訊。直到2003年，人們才再次在該自然區(qū)又發(fā)現(xiàn)了白熊的蹤跡。在熊的家族里，只有北極熊是白色的。但是，這個(gè)龐然大物是如何離開極地寒帶，來到這個(gè)寒溫帶的地方呢?難道它是通過通往北極的水路來到此地?這一猜測(cè)遭到動(dòng)物學(xué)家的質(zhì)疑。首先，北極熊不能在溫帶的樹林中生活。其次，。。。。。。。。。2006年，一個(gè)科學(xué)考察隊(duì)在白熊出沒的地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了熊冬眠的冬窩兒，還發(fā)現(xiàn)了一小團(tuán)白色的動(dòng)物毛發(fā)。DNA樣本鑒定為棕熊的毛發(fā)。但是，也有可能，至少那團(tuán)毛發(fā)不屬于照片中的白熊。Topic2藍(lán)藻是一種簡(jiǎn)單的水生植物，它可以在河湖、濕地、樹干和溫泉自然蔓延生長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)藍(lán)藻細(xì)胞達(dá)到一定程度時(shí)，藍(lán)藻的“密集孽生”會(huì)使水體變色、引起泡沫、散發(fā)臭氣、影響貝類和魚類的生存，還會(huì)使水質(zhì)大幅度下降。2007年夏天，富營(yíng)養(yǎng)物和其他污染導(dǎo)致藍(lán)藻在太湖、巢湖、滇池發(fā)生了藍(lán)藻“密集孽生”現(xiàn)象，影響了城市供水及水生產(chǎn)品生長(zhǎng)。“密集孽生”最嚴(yán)重的是太湖東部。太湖是我國(guó)第三大淡水湖。這次“密集孽生”導(dǎo)致周邊100多萬居民供水問題長(zhǎng)達(dá)10天之久。為了防止污染，當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保部門關(guān)閉了770家化工廠。2008年夏天，長(zhǎng)期的溫暖、干燥氣候?qū)е滤{(lán)藻在部分地區(qū)發(fā)生。9月，一艘可以快速、有效地清除藍(lán)藻的船在江蘇省投入使用PartA:TranslatethefollowingpassagesfromEnglishintoChinese（twopassages,each25points）

Passage1:

Canmanbecreditedwithchoosingtherightpathwhenheknowsonlyone？Canhebecongratulatedforhiswisedecisionwhenonlyonejudgmentispossible?Ifheknowsnothingofvice,ishetobepraisedforadheringtovirtue?

Wisdomconsistsofthedeliberateexerciseofjudgment;knowledgecomesinthediscriminationbetweenthoseknownalternatives.Weighingthesealternativesisthewayofmaturity.Onlythendoesmanhavethestrengthtofollowhischoicewithoutwavering,sincethatchoiceisbasedfirmlyonknowledgeratherthanonanuncertain,dangerouslyshallowfoundationofignorance.

Passage2:

FormanyyearstheUnitedStatesandothernationsusedgoldandsilvermoney.Papermoneywasusedtostandfortheholdingofbothsilverandgold.Thevalueofsilverwaslimitedtothatofgold.Fifteenouncesofsilverhadthesamevalueofoneounceofgold.Thesevaluesdidn’tchangeuntilafter1860whenminesinthewestoftheUnitedStatesbegantoproducelargeamountsofsilver.Thisextraamountofsilvercauseditspricetofall.Nolongerwouldfifteenouncesofsilverbuyoneounceofgold.In1871,Germanydeclaredthatitwouldnolongersupportitspapermoneywithsilver.Instead,itwoulduseonlygold.OthercountriesofEuropequicklydidthesame.

PartB:TranslatethefollowingpassagesfromChineseintoEnglish(twopassages,each25points)

Passage1:

西湖位于福州市區(qū)西北的臥龍山下，最初開挖于晉代。原用于排澇灌溉。五代時(shí)，閩王在湖濱建造御花園，號(hào)稱“水晶宮”。1914年開始辟為公園，園區(qū)也隨之?dāng)U大，面積比原來增加五倍以上。如今的西湖公園，以湖心開化嶼為中心，有飛虹橋、步云橋、玉帶橋等，與幾個(gè)湖嶼相連接，構(gòu)成整體。

Passage2:

知識(shí)創(chuàng)新

知識(shí)的生命力在于創(chuàng)新，只有不斷地創(chuàng)造出新的知識(shí)和技術(shù)，才能推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展。在新的世紀(jì)里，人才、文化、教育、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)管理等因素在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展中的作用日趨重要。只有在理論、科技方面不斷進(jìn)行改革創(chuàng)新，不斷有新的創(chuàng)造和突破，才能為經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展注入新的生機(jī)和活力。全國(guó)外語翻譯證書考試英語三級(jí)筆譯Part1 TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese1hour30minutesReadthefollowingtwopassages.TranslatethemintoChinese.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheets.Youmayuseadditionalpaperforyourdraftbutyoumustcopyyouranswersontotheanswersheets.Passage1HeadInjuriesAlicewasaB-plusstudentthroughoutherfirstthreeyearsatcollege.Duringthewinterholidaysinhersenioryear,whileshewasdrivingduringastorm,hercarranofftheroadandhitatree.Alicebangedherheadonthesteeringwheelbutneverlostconsciousness.Shewastreatedforbruisesanddischargedfromthehospitalwithinaday.But,backatherstudies,shebegantohavedifficulties.SuddenlyherAsandBswerebecomingCs.Shehadtroublerememberingwhatshe’dreadandwasirritableandeasilydistracted.Alicewasreferredtoaneuropsychologistforfurtherexamination.AlthoughherIQhadn’tchangedandstandardneurologicaltestswerenormal,detailedneuropsychologicaltestsshowedshewashavingmemoryproblems.Shecouldstillprocessnewinformation,butittooklongerthanbeforeandshebecame“overloaded”ifshetriedtodotoomuchatonce.Headinjuriesareoftenfatal,orofsufficientseveritytorequirethehospitalizationofvictims.Butthereisalargegroupofpeoplewhosustainheadinjurieswhichcangoundetectedthroughordinarymedicalexamination.Thesearethepeoplewhoseeminglyrecoverfromtheirinjuriesbutstillsuffersubtleintellectualandbehaviouraleffectsthatmayseriouslyimpairtheirabilitytoworkandinteractnormallywithotherpeople.Theyarethevictimsofwhatexpertscalla“silentepidemic”.Someneverlostconsciousnessandothersneverevensufferedadirectblowtothehead,yetbraindamageoccurred.Passage2MuseumsOverthelastcoupleofdecadesthere’sbeenatremendousexplosioninmuseumattendance,andIseethatcontinuing.Asthepopulationgrowsolder,withmorepeoplestudyingintheirretirement,andasschoolsanduniversitiesdevelopmoreimaginativewaysofpresentingknowledge,museumsandgallerieswillbeatthecentreoftheeducationalprocess.Tomakethemostofthatposition,theymustnotjustopentheirdoorsbutensurethattheirmaterialisengaginglypresented,withflesh-and-bloodteachersaswellasdisplaysthatdrawoninformationtechnology.I’mnotagreatfanoftheaudiotourthatleadsyoutoapieceofartandthentellsyouwhattothinkaboutit.Imuchprefertheinteractivecalling-upofinformation,onafree-willbasis,viaalittlehandset.Thatway,technologyhelpsyoufindoutmoreaboutaparticularaspectofaworkofartasyoustandinfrontofit.Acenturyago,noonecouldhaveguessedtherewouldbeamuseumdedicatedtoairandspacetravelinthecentreofWashingtonDC,soit’simpossibletosaywhatnewmuseumswemighthavein100years.Butwemayturnbacktoneglectedareasofhistory.They’vejustlaidthefoundationstonefortheMuseumoftheNativeAmericaninWashington,andIcanseearesurgenceinourinterestintheancientworldahead.Part2TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish1hour30minutesReadthefollowingtwopassages.TranslatethemintoEnglish.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheets.Youmayuseadditionalpaperforyourdraftbutyoumustcopyyouranswersontotheanswersheets.Passage1我為乘客服務(wù)有一次，在擁擠的車廂門口，我聽見一位男乘客客客氣氣地問他前面的一個(gè)女乘客：“您下車嗎?”女乘客沒理他。“你下車嗎?”他又問了一遍。女乘客還是沒理他。“下車嗎?”他耐不住了，放大聲問。那女乘客依然沒反應(yīng)。“你是聾子，還是啞巴?”他急了，捅了一下那位女乘客。女乘客這時(shí)也急了，瞪起了一雙眼睛，回手給了男乘客一拳。見此情景，我猛然想起在60路沿線上有家福利工廠，女乘客可能就是個(gè)聾啞人，聽不見聲音。我趕忙向男乘客作了解釋，又用紙條寫了一句話，舉到女乘客的眼前：“對(duì)不起！他要下車。他問了您好幾聲，您是不是沒聽見?”女乘客點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，把道讓開了。從此以后，我就特別注意聾啞人的特征，還從他們那里學(xué)會(huì)了一些常用的手語。這樣，不僅我能更好地為他們服務(wù)，與他們進(jìn)行感情交流，也減少了一些他們與其他乘客的誤會(huì)和糾紛。Passage2水海水、地下水、冰、河流、湖泊一起構(gòu)成了地球的水資源，共約14億立方千米。其中海水占97.2％，但不能直接用于人類生活與生產(chǎn)；冰雪等固態(tài)的水主要分布在無人居住的南北極；河流、湖泊、地下水等的水總量，才占地球水總量的0.6％，其中仍有相當(dāng)一部分不宜飲用。這樣，實(shí)際上能為人類飲用的淡水，其總量?jī)H僅是全球淡水儲(chǔ)量的0.34％。我國(guó)年平均水資源總量為28124億立方米，僅次于巴西和前蘇聯(lián)，居世界第三位。但由于我國(guó)的人口太多，人均占有水資源很少，僅2580立方米，名列世界第84位。而且水資源地理分布還很不均勻，90％的地表水和70％以上的地下水分布在南方各省。這樣，北方17個(gè)省市區(qū)極為缺水。人口與日俱增，生Section1:English-ChineseTranslation（英譯漢）（60point）

Thissectionconsistsoftwoparts:PartA“CompulsoryTranslation”and

PartB“OptionalTranslations”whichcomprises“Topic1”and“Topic2”.TranslatethepassageinPartAandyourchoicefrompassageinPartBintoChinese.Write“CompulsoryTranslation”aboveyourtranslationofPartAandwrite“Topic1”or“Topic2”aboveyourtranslationofthepassagefromPartB.Thetimeforthissectionis100minutes.PartACompulsoryTranslation（必譯題）（30points）

ItwasoneofthosedaysthatthepeasantfishermenonthistributaryoftheAmazonRiverdreamabout.

Withwaterlevelsfallingrapidlyatthepeakofthedryseason,agiantschoolofbass,atastyfishthatfetchesagoodpriceatmarkets,wasswimmingrightintothenetsbeingcastfromadozensmallcanoeshere.

“Withabitofluck,youcanmake$350onadaylikethis,”LauroSouzaAlmeida,aleaderofthelocalfishermen’scooperative,exultedashemovedintoposition.“Thatisafortuneforpeoplelikeus,”hesaid,theequivalentoffourmonthsattheminimumwageearnedbythosefortunateenoughtofindwork.

Buthoveringnearbywasalargecommercialfishingvessel,a“motherboat”equippedwithlargeicechestsforstorageandhaulingmorethanadozensmallercraft.Thecrewonboardwasjustwaitingfortheremainderofthefishtomoveintotheriver’smainchannel,wheretheyintendedtoscoopupasmanyastheycouldwiththeirefficientgillnets.

Asymbolofabundancetotherestoftheworld,theAmazonisexperiencingacrisisofoverfishing.Asstocksofthemostpopularspeciesdiminishtoworrisomelevels,tensionsaregrowingbetweensubsistencefishermenandtheircommercialrivals,whoareeagertoenrichtheirbottomlineandsatisfythegrowingappetiteforfishofcity-dwellersinBrazilandabroad.

Inresponse,peasantsupanddowntheAmazon,hereinBrazilandinneighboringcountrieslikePeru,areformingcooperativestocontrolfishcatchesandrestocktheirriversandlakes.Butthateffort,increasinglysuccessful,hasonlyencouragedthecommercialfishingoperations,aswellassomeofthepeasants’lessdisciplinedneighbors,tostepuptheirdepredations.

“Theindustrialfishingboats,thebig20-to30-tonvessels,theyhaveadifferentmentalitythanusartisanalfishermen,whohavelearnedtotaketheprotectionoftheenvironmentintoaccount,”saidthepresidentofthelocalfishermen’sunion.“Theywanttosweepeverythingupwiththeirdragnetsandthenmoveon,benefitingfromourworkandsacrificeandleavinguswithnothing.”PartB

OptionalTranslations

(二選一題)

（30points）

Topic1

(選題一)

EversincetheeconomistDavidRicardoofferedthebasictheoryin1817,economicscripturehastaughtthatopentrade—freeoftariffs,quotas,subsidiesorothergovernmentdistortions—improvesthewell-beingofbothparties.U.S.policyhasimplementedthisdoctrinewithavengeance.Whyisfreetradesaidtobeuniversallybeneficial?Theanswerisadoctrinecalled“comparativeadvantage”.Here’sasimpleanalogy.Ifasurgeonishighlyskilledbothatdoingoperationsandperformingroutinebloodtests,it’smoreefficientforthesurgeontoconcentrateonthesurgeryandpayalessefficienttechniciantodothetests,sincethatallowsthesurgeontomakethemostefficientuseofherowntime.

Byextension,eveniftheUnitedStatesisefficientbothatinventingadvancedbiotechnologiesandattheroutinemanufactureofmedicines,itmake