獨家解密 英語閱讀理解

獨家解密:英語閱讀理解命題特點

高考英語閱讀理解題型的分值要占高考英語總分的40/150，是所有題型中占分比例最大的一道題。閱讀理解能否得高分，是成績好壞的關鍵。閱讀理解題的考查主要是從兩個方面測試考生的理解能力。

1.客觀理解：即對所給材料中具體事實和細節(jié)的理解。

2.主觀理解：即通過閱讀短文，對文中主旨、主題、中心思想和作者意圖、態(tài)度及語篇邏輯關系等深層意義上的理解，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。

錯題攻略

易錯題型一

歸納概括主題

典例1

（2007年廣東卷）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.HowtoLiveTruthfully

B.ImportanceofPeacefulness

C.WaysofGainingSelf-respect

D.HappinessthroughHonorableActions

【命題意圖】

歸納概括中心主旨的題目是高考必考題目，考查考生通過理解、總結、歸納，找出文章中心意思的能力。

【解題思路】

正確答案為D。做這類試題要求考生不僅要區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息，跳出一詞一句，俯瞰全文，找出主題句（一般來說在文章的句首與句尾），而且要善于概括文章的中心思想（通常是一個完整的句子，能全面準確地概括文章的中心主旨）。通常最佳題目可以是一個短語詞組，它不僅能概括文章的中心主旨，還有吸引讀者、引發(fā)閱讀興趣的任務。

【失分警示】

解答此類閱讀理解題時，考生一定要注意運用找主題句的閱讀方法，留意文章句首和句尾的主題句。如文章中沒有主題句，則要把所有的細節(jié)綜合起來，進行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的中心大意。

易錯題型二

邏輯推理判斷

典例2

（2007年浙江卷）Whatdowelearnfromthistext?

A.Whatonessaysreflectshowonefeels.

B.Aphasicshavericherfeelingsthanothers.

C.Normalpeopleoftentellliesintheirspeeches.

D.Peoplepooratonethingcanbegoodatanother.

【命題意圖】

考試說明中關于高考閱讀理解能力測試的第四點要求是：“能理解某句某段的意義，并能把握全篇文脈，即句與句、段與段的關系，并能據(jù)此進行推理和判斷?！?/p>

【解題思路】

正確答案為D。這類考題旨在測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，即根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生要仔細閱讀短文，了解完整的信息，才能準確把握作者觀點。

在進行推理、判斷時，考生一定要依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或作者觀點，切忌主觀臆斷，切忌以自己的觀點看法取代作者的原意。

【失分警示】

解答此類閱讀理解題時，考生不僅要了解文章的大意，吃透文章的精神，摸清文中的細節(jié)，更要對文章進行必要的歸納，領會作者的意圖，并進行合理的常識性推斷及邏輯推理。

易錯題型三

領悟文章的隱含意義

典例3

（2007年浙江卷）Fromthedialoguebetweentheboyandhismother,welearnthatthemotherwas_______.

A.excited

B.interested

C.ashamed

D.disappointed

【命題意圖】

考試說明中關于高考閱讀理解能力測試的第三點要求是：“既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度，意圖等?！奔醋髡邲]有鮮明地表達自己的觀點，而將其隱含在字里行間，流露于修辭手法之中。

【解題思路】

正確答案為D。這類考題要求考生對于作者沒有明確說明的寫作目的、立場態(tài)度、思想傾向等作出合理的推斷。這種“言外之意，弦外之音”要求考生有“鑼鼓聽音”的敏銳感覺，合理推斷的思維品質。

【失分警示】

解答此類閱讀理解題時，考生要透過文章字面意思領悟其隱含意義和深層意義，這就需要仔細地閱讀和認真地思考，在通篇理解文章的基礎上領會作者的言外之意。

實戰(zhàn)演習

（定時：30mins，每小題2分，共40分，得分：_____分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Lifeguard,sportscaster,moviestar,governor,president——therewasn’tmuchRonaldReagandidn’tdoinlife.

“Theworldwasavastopportunityforhim,”LouCannonwroteinhisbiography（傳記）oftheformerUSpresident,whodiedonJune5,aged93.

Reagan’sfinalyearssawhimfightalosingbattleagainstAlzheimer’sdisease（老年癡呆癥）.Buthispositiveattitudetowardlifehasgivenhopetomanypeople.

Bornin1911toapoorfamilyinasmalltowninIllinois,hisfatherwasafailedsalesmanwhodranktoomuch.Itwasinthesedifficulttimes,though,thatReagandevelopedthepowerfuloptimism（樂觀）thatwouldservehimsowell.Healwaysbelievedbettertimeslayingahead,andthiswasreflectedinhishighschoolyearbookentry.“Lifeisonegrand,sweetsong,sostartthemusic,”hewrote.

Asateenager,Reaganspentsummersworkingasalifeguardatalocalbeach,saving77livesinsevenyears.Hegraduatedfromcollegein1932withadegreeineconomicsandsociology.ButAmericawasstillinthemiddleoftheGreatDepression,andjobswerehardtofind.ReaganfinallyfoundworkasaradiosportsannouncerandthisroadledhimtoHollywoodin1937.

Duringthe20yearfilmcareer,heneverbecamealeadingstar.Asinhislifeguarddays,Reaganlovedtoplaytheheroandonlytooktheroleofabadguyonceinmorethan50films.

Atalentedspeakerwhowasalwaysabletoconnectwithhisaudience,Reaganbecameinvolvedinpoliticsinthe1950s.ThispopulartouchledtohimbeingelectedthegovernorofCaliforniain1967.

AllthewhileReaganwasinCalifornia,hehadhiseyeontheWhiteHouse.In1980,aged69,hebecametheoldestmaneverelectedpresident.

Heheldofficefrom1981to1989,thefirstpresidenttoservetwocompletetermsafterWorldWarⅡ.Whenheleft,aged77,heheldthehighestpopularityrateofanyretiringpresidentinUShistory.

Heremainedpositiveevenwhenhediscoveredhehadanillnessthatwoulddestroyhim.“Iwillleavewiththegreatestloveforthiscountryofoursandeternal（永恒的）optimismforitsfuture,”hewrote.1.Reagancanbebestdescribedasamanwith______.

A.firmness

B.humour

C.optimism

D.talent

2.Whatdidn’tReagandoinhislifetime?

A.Playingtheroleofabadguy.

B.Beingaleadingstarofthefilm.

C.Savingpeople’slives.

D.Workingasaradiosportsannouncer.

3.Whichisthecorrectorderofeventsdescribedinthepassage?

a.ReaganfoughtalosingbattleagainstAlzheimer’sdisease.

b.Reaganbecameanactor.

c.Reaganworkedasalifeguard.

d.Reagangraduatedfromcollege.

e.ReaganwaselectedthegovernorofCalifornia.

A.a,c,d,e,b

B.e,c,d,b,a

C.b,a,c,d,e

D.c,d,b,e,a

4.WhentheauthorofReagan’sbiographysays“Theworldwasavastopportunityforhim,”hereallymeansthat_______.

A.Reaganachievedmuchinhiswholelife

B.Reagancouldhavedonemuchbetter

C.ReagandidmuchforAmericaandtheworld

D.ReaganwasaveryluckymanB

Hisfeethadtouchedthegroundagain,butSouthAfricanMikeMelvill’sheadwasstillhighabovetheclouds.

Seeingtheearthfromtheedgeofspacewas“anamazingexperience”,saidthe63-year-oldpilotItwasmorethanapersonalexperience.MelvillandhisrocketplaneSpaceShipOnemadehistorylastMondaywhenitbecamethefirstprivatemannedflighttoreachspace.

Thespacecraftwascarriedbyajetuntilitreachedaheightof14kilometers.Thenitseparatedfromthejetandcontinueditsjourneybeyondtheearth’satmosphere.Thecraftreachedspacebytravelingatthreetimesthespeedofsound.

Onboard,Mevillwasabletoseetheearth.Healsobecameweightlessforabout3minuteswhenthecraftreacheditshighestaltitudeof100kilometers.Heevenopenedabagofcolorfulchocolatesweetstoseeiftheywouldfloataroundinthecockpit（駕駛員座艙）——theydid.

Thesuccessfulflightbroughtthedesignteam,ledbyfamousAmericandesignerBurtRutan,closertowinningtheUS10millionAnsariXPrize.Theawardwillbegiventothefirstprivatelyfunded（投資）spacecrafttosendthreepeople100kilometersabovetheearth.Thespacecraftalsohastolandsafelyandrepeattheachievementwithintwoweeks.

Thisistoprovethatthecraftisreliableandhastheabilitytocarrypayingcustomers.“Theflightopensanewchapterinhistory,puttingspacewithinthereachofordinarycitizens,”saidPattiSmith,headofcommercialspacetransportationattheUSFederalAviationAdministration.

It’shopedthatthisflightisthefirststeptowardspacetourism.MembersofthepubliccouldpayUS$20,000-100,000forthechancetoflyhighabovetheearth’satmosphere,floatinzerogravityandtakeinthesightsofspace.

Rutanthinksthataffordablespaceflightswillbepossiblewithinthenext10to15years.Andthat’sjustthebeginning.“Weareheadingintoorbitsoonerthanyouthink,”hesaid.

“Wedonotintendtostayinlow-earthorbitforages.Thenext25yearswillbeawildride…onethathistorywillnotewasdoneforthebenefitofeveryone.”5.Thestoryisabout___________.

A.asuccessfulflightintopace

B.thebeginningofaffordablespaceflights

C.competitionforcommercialspacetransportation

D.thefirstprivaterocketplane

6.AccordingtoBurtRutan,whatislikelytohappen?

A.He’llwintheAnsariXPrize.

B.Aspaceflightwillcostmuchlessthan100,000.

C.Inafewdecades,privatespacecraftwilltravelhighinspace.

D.TheSpaceShipOnewillmakeanotherflightwithintwoweeks.

7.Thefactthatchocolatesweetscouldfloatproves____.

A.thespacecraftwasflyingfasterthansound

B.Mevillwasinspace

C.Mevillwashighabovetheearth

D.therewasastrongwind

8.Thetitleofthispassageis_________.

A.Walkinspace

B.Thefirstprivatemannedspaceshipreachedspacesuccessfully

C.Thefirstspaceship

D.AmannedspaceshipreachedspacesuccessfullyC

AnAmericanresearcherhasdevelopedasimpledevicetohelppeoplestopsnoring.Thedevicelimitsthemovementsofthetissues（組織）thatcausetheunpopularsound.Snoringisacommonproblem.Itmaypreventapersonfromgettingenoughsleep.Itmayalsopreventenoughoxygenfromreachingheartandlungsduringsleep.Butformostpeople,snoringaffectsrelationswithanotherpersonwhomustsleepinthebackroom.

Snoringhappenswhenthesleepingpersonbreatheswiththemouthopen.Inthebackofthemouththetissuessurroundingtheentranceofthethroataresoft.Asthepersonbreathes,themovementoftheairaroundthesofttissuescausesthemtomoveorvibrate.Thistissuemovementcausesthesoundwecallsnoring.Anumberofpossiblesolutionshavebeenproposed.Somedeviceskeepthemouthshut.Theyforcethepatienttobreatheonlythroughthenose.Amedicaloperationisalsopossible.Otherdevicescatchthesoundofsnoringandthenwakethepatient.Thenewanti-snoringdevicewasdevelopedbyadentist,GeorgeWagneroftheIndianUniversitySchoolofDentistry.Hedevelopedapieceofplasticthatfitsupagainsttheinsideofthemouth.Thedevicekeepsthesofttissuesfromvibratingandmakingthesnoringnoise.Itiswornonlyatnight.DoctorWagnersaidthatthesimpledevicehasendedseveralpatients’snoringprobleminasimpleway.

9.Theunderlinedword“snoring”（inparagraph1）probablymeans____.

A.speakingwhileonesleeps

B.dreamingwhileonsleeps

C.noisesmadewhileonsleeps

D.sighsgivenwhileonesleeps

10.Snoringhappens____.

A.whendreamingatnight,evenduringtheday

B.whenbreathingwithone’smouthclosed

C.whensleepingwithone’smouthopen

D.whenbeingpoorinhealth

11.Fromthepassageweknowthatthesimplestandmoreefficientwaytopreventapersonfromsnoringis____.

A.tokeepthesofttissuesfromvibrating

B.togivethepatientamedicaloperation

C.towakehim/herupassoonashe/shesnores

D.tomakehim/herlistentothesoundofsnoringD

Vienna——InspiteofIraq’sdecisiontostopoildeliveries,the11-nationOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries（OPEC）willnotincreaseproductiontomakeuptheshortfall,ministersdecidedTuesdayinVienna.

The11oilministersdecidedtomeetagainonJuly3todiscusstheeffectsoftheIraqtemporarystop.Theorganization’spresident,CharkidKheriaofAlgeria,saidafterthemeetingthatstockswerehighandpriceswerestable,soquotaincreaseswerenotnecessary.

TheE.U.CommissionhasexpressedconcernaboutIraq’soutputstop.AspeakersaidOPEChadtotakeallpossiblemeasurestokeeporlowertheoilprice.

SaudiArabia’sOilMinisterAliAl-Nuaimihadearliersaidtherewouldnotbeanyshortfallofoilinthemarket.Theorganizationhadalreadytakenstepstofillthegap,hesaid.OPECSecretaryGeneralAliRodriguezaddedthattheperiodofIraq’soutputstopwasnotknown,sootherexporterswerenotgoingtoliftquotasyet.Ifthemarketwasdestabilized（使……動搖）,asuitableresponsecouldbemade.

IraqonMondaystoppedshipmentsofcrudeoiltoprotestagainsttheU.N.SecurityCouncil’sdecisiontoextendtheoil-for-foodprogrammebyonlyamonth,insteadofthenormalsix-monthrenewal.JustbeforetheViennameeting,oilpriceshadgoneup,withabarrelofOPECcrudeoilsellingfor27.05dollars,upfrom26.81dollarslastFriday.Northseaoilwasat29.26dollarsMondayevening.

OPECwantstheoilpricetostaywithinamarginof22to28dollarsandachievedthatwithcutsinJanuaryandMarchthatreduced2.5millionbarrelsperdayoffquotas（配額）.12.Iraqmadethedecisiontostopoildeliveriesbecause___________.

A.oilpriceistoolowininternationalmarket.

B.TheU.N.SecretaryCouncilhasdecidedtoshortenthetimeofextensionoftheoil-for-foodprogramme

C.Manyoilwellsweredestroyedduringthewarinthelate1980s

D.Itcouldn’tgetenoughmoneytodevelopitseconomy

13.TheattitudetheE.U.CommissiontooktowardsIraq’soutputstopis________.

A.active

B.concerned

C.cold

D.surprised

14.Theunderlinedwords“Theorganization”hererefersto________.

A.OPEC

B.theE.U.Commission

C.Vienna

D.WTO

15.Themainideaofthepassageis________.

A.theoilpricesintheworldwerestablethoughIraqhasstoppedoildeliveries

B.OPEChascontrolledtheoilpricetostaywithinamarginof22to28dollars

C.OPECwillnotincreaseoilproductiontomakeuptheshortfallthatcausedbyIraq

D.Oilisconnectedwithpeople’sdailylife

16.The11oilministersdecidedtomeetonJuly3sothat_________.

A.theycanpersuadeIraqtocontinueoilproduction

B.theycanhaveatalkwiththeU.N.SecurityCouncil

C.theycanhaveadiscussionabouttheeffectsofIraq’stemporaryoutputstop

D.theycanmakeuptheirmindstoincreaseoilproductionE

Thebestadviceyoungmenandwomencanhearthesedaysisnot“GetRich”.It’s“GoWest”.

Thosewhohopetomaketheirfortunesor,attheveryleast,findgoodjobsorlifelongcareershaveabetterchanceofdoingsoinChina’swesternprovincesthanintheincreasinglycrowdedeasterncities.

Alongtheeasterncoast,citiesarefilledwithnewcomerslookingforwork.Theyseekanythingfromthelowest-levelunskilledjobstotheinstant-millionaireInternetchanceoflifetime.Fewhavefoundthelatter,andfeweverwill.

Some160yearsago,youngmenandwomenstreamedintoNewYork,Philadelphia,Boston——theUnitedStates’equivalentofChina’sShanghai,GuangzhouandBeijing.Alloftheseyoungpeopleweresearchingforwork,forriches;forfame.Fewfoundanyofthat.Therestjoinedthemassesworkinghardatlow-leveljobstryingtosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

HoraceGreeley,awell-knownAmericannewspapereditoroftheperiodhadsoundadviceforthoseseekingwork.“Donot,”Greeleysaid,“l(fā)ounge（tostandorsitinalazymanner）inthecities!Thereisroomandhealthinthecountry,awayfromthecrowdsofidles（peoplewhowastetimedoingnothing）and