北京市昌平區(qū)新學(xué)道臨川學(xué)校高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）

北京市昌平區(qū)新學(xué)道臨川學(xué)校2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）考試時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Findaplace.B.Buyamap.C.Getanaddress.2.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Repairhercar.B.Giveheraride.C.Pickupheraunt.3.WhomightMr.Petersonbe?A.Anewprofessor.B.Adepartmenthead.C.Apanydirector.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthebook?A.Quitedifficult.B.Veryinteresting.C.Toosimple.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Weather.B.Clothes.C.News.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhyisHarryunwillingtojointhewoman?A.Hehasapaininhisknee.B.HewantstowatchTV.C.Heistoolazy.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Stayathome.B.TakeHarrytohospital.C.Dosomeexercise.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whenwillthemanbehomefromwork?A.At5:45.B.At6:15.C.At6:50.9.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.TheGreenHouseCinema.B.TheNewStateCinema.C.TheUMECinema.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.HowwillthespeakersgotoNewYork?A.Byair.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.11.Whyarethespeakersmakingthetrip?A.Forbusiness.B.Forshopping.C.Forholiday.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Driverandpassenger.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fellowworkers.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.14.WhatdoesJohndonow?A.He’satrainer.B.He’satourguide.C.He’sacollegestudent.15.Howmuchcananewpersonearnforthefirstyear?A.$10,500.B.$12,000.C.$15,000.16.Howmanypeoplewillthewomanhire?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howlonghasthespeakerlivedinabigcity?A.Oneyear.B.Tenyears.C.Eighteenyears.18.Whatisthespeaker’sopiniononpublictransport?A.It’sfortable.B.It’stimesaving.C.It’scheap.19.Whatisgoodaboutlivinginasmalltown?A.It’ssafer.B.It’shealthier.C.It’smoreconvenient.20.Whatkindoflifedoesthespeakerseemtolikemost?A.Busy.B.Colourful.C.Quiet.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASPORTSEVENTSBASKETBALLCentralSportsCentre,CityRoad.AllStarsvsRockets,Saturday8:30p.m.$12NorthernersvsTigers,Sundaynoon$14BUSHWALKINGMeetatWandaStation,Saturday9:00a.m.sharpfor3hourwalktoCanaryMountains.$7,call3415432.MeetatWestleyStation,Sunday9:00a.m.sharpforafulldaywalktoWombakValley.$5,call3418643:Bringyourownlunch.SOCCERStMartinsSportsCentreStMartinsvsDoonsberg,Saturday2:00p.m.$8EastsideCentralvsLightHill,Sunday2:00p.m.$8NeillParkRecreationCentreNeillParkvsRobinson,Saturday2:00p.m.$11EssenvsSpringwood,Sunday2:00p.m.$11LAWNBOWLSTansTownvsWhiteVale,Saturday9:00p.m.$10WakeHillB.C.WakeHillvsCoils,Saturday2:00p.m.$91._______sportseventsaretobeheldatSaturday2:00p.m.accordingtothepassage.A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five2.Youmayfindthepassagemostprobablyina________.A.handbookabouttour B.noticeaboutsportsC.magazineaboutballmatches D.blogaboutmatchreviews3.Ifyouhave$18,youcangotoboth________.A.AllStarsvsRocketsandthebushwalkingatWestleyStationB.WakeHillvsCollsandEssenvsSpringwoodC.NeillParkvsRobinsonandEastsideCentralvsLightHillD.StMatinsvsDoonsbergandNorthernersvsTigers【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章給出了不同體育賽事的具體時(shí)間和票價(jià)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SOCCER部分的“StMartinsvsDoonsberg,Saturday2:00p.m.$8（StMartinsvsDoonsberg，周六下午兩點(diǎn)，8美元）”和“NeillParkvsRobinson,Saturday2:00p.m.$11（尼爾公園vs羅賓遜，周六下午兩點(diǎn)，11美元）”，以及根據(jù)LAWNBOWLS部分的“WakeHillvsCoils,Saturday2:00p.m.$9（維克山vs線圈，周六下午2點(diǎn)，9美元）”，可知，將在周六下午2點(diǎn)舉行的體育賽事有3場(chǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。閱讀全文可知，本文主要介紹將要舉辦的比賽的時(shí)間和票價(jià)，由此可推斷，這些信息來(lái)自一份關(guān)于體育的廣告布告。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知：“AllStarsvsRockets”票價(jià)為12美元；“thebushwalkingatWestleyStation”票價(jià)為5美元，總票價(jià)為17美元；“WakeHillvsColls”票價(jià)為9美元“EssenvsSpringwood”票價(jià)為11美元，總票價(jià)為20美元；“NeillParkvsRobinson”票價(jià)為11美元，“EastsideCentralvsLightHill”票價(jià)為8美元，總票價(jià)為19美元；“StMatinsvsDoonsberg”票價(jià)為8美元，“NorthernersvsTigers”票價(jià)為14美元，總票價(jià)為22美元.如果有18美元，可以去“AllStarsvsRockets”和“thebushwalkingatWestleyStation”故選A項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學(xué)們?nèi)裟芨鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。多數(shù)情況下，作者不會(huì)明確的呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)事實(shí)，讀者需要根據(jù)已有的信息進(jìn)行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時(shí)間順序、故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、情節(jié)的發(fā)展和人物之間的關(guān)系。例如，第3題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知：“AllStarsvsRockets”票價(jià)為12美元；“thebushwalkingatWestleyStation”票價(jià)為5美元，總票價(jià)為17美元；“WakeHillvsColls”票價(jià)為9美元“EssenvsSpringwood”票價(jià)為11美元，總票價(jià)為20美元；“NeillParkvsRobinson”票價(jià)為11美元，“EastsideCentralvsLightHill”票價(jià)為8美元，總票價(jià)為19美元；“StMatinsvsDoonsberg”票價(jià)為8美元，“NorthernersvsTigers”票價(jià)為14美元，總票價(jià)為22美元.如果有18美元，可以去“AllStarsvsRockets”和“thebushwalkingatWestleyStation”故選A項(xiàng)。BArjun'sAppsOnestormyday,twelveyearoldArjunKumarwaslategettinghomefromschool.IthadbeenrainingheavilynearhisschoolinChennai,India.Thisdelayedhisschoolbus,andwhenhefinallyarrived,Arjun’sparentswereworried.Hisparents’concerngaveArjunanidea—he’dcreateanapp,whichcantellparentsthelocationoftheirchildren’sschoolbus.Whileresearchingdifferentwaystowriteapps,ArjunlocatedanonlineprogrammingtoolonthewebsiteoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.MITwasmakingthetool,calledAppInventor,availabletoanyonewhowantedtouseit.AsthemottoonMIT'swebsitestates,“AnyoneCanBuildAppsThatImpacttheWorld.”Arjungottoworkdoingjustthat.UsingAppInventor,hecreatedanappcalled“EzSchoolBusLocator.”Ifaschoolintroducedthisappintoitsbussystem,parentscouldlogontoseethelocationsandestimatedarrivaltimesoftheirchildren’sschoolbus.Likeothermappingapps,EzSchoolBusLocatorreliedonGPS.GPShelpsusersdeterminetheirlocation,basedonsignalsfromasetoftwentyfoursatellitesthatorbitEarth.GPSbasedappscalculatethelocationofadevicebymeasuringthedistancesfromthreedifferentGPSsatellites.That'showArjun'sappdeterminedwherethebuseswerelocated.Theappcouldalsoconfirmwhetherindividualchildrenwereonthebus.EzSchoolBusLocatorusedaspecificbarcodetoidentifyeachstudent.Studentscheckedinwhentheygotonandoffthebusbyusingbarcodesontheirphones.Asthebusdriverdrove,theappsentautomaticmessagestoparents.DoesEzSchoolBusLocatorsoundlikeagoodidea?MITthoughtso.In2012,MITheldacontesttohonorthebestappsthathadbeencreatedusingAppInventor.Arjun'sappwonfirstplaceintheK8division,andin2013,theappwasavailableforpurchaseonline.Arjundidn'tstopthere.Hecontinueddevelopingnewappsandheevenstartedhisownsoftwaredevelopmentpany.Whenaskedforpointersforotheryounginventors,Arjunadvised,“Lookforproblemsaroundyou,andgetinspiredfromthem.You’llseealotofopportunitiestouseyourskillstomakethisworldabetterplacetolive!”4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThelifeofinventorArjunKumar. B.Astudent'sinventionofabuslocatorapp.C.HowAppInventorhelpedArjunwriteanapp. D.HowtherainyweatherinIndiaaffectedtraffic.5.WhatdoweknowaboutArjun'sappfromthepassage?A.Itcouldbedownloadedonlineforfree.B.Ithelpedthechildrenknowwheretheywere.C.ItwasintroducedbyArjunintotheschoolbussystem.D.Itusedbarcodestotrackwhichchildrenwereonboard.6.WhydidArjuncontinuetoworkonsoftwaredevelopment?A.Toinspiremoreyounginventors. B.Towinmanyawardsforhisinventions.C.Tosolveproblemsthathesawintheworld. D.ToearnmoneytocontinuehiseducationatMIT.7.WhatcanwelearnfromArjunKumar'sstory?A.Youthmeanslimitlesspossibilities. B.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.C.Ifyoudon'taimhigh,youwillneverhithigh. D.Goodproblemsolversareproblemfindersfirst.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名叫ArjunKumar的學(xué)生開(kāi)發(fā)了一款軟件，可以告訴父母孩子的校車(chē)的位置。文章介紹了這款軟件的工作原理以及軟件所取得的成就?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hisparents’concerngaveArjunanidea—he’dcreateanapp,whichcantellparentsthelocationoftheirchildren’sschoolbus.(父母的擔(dān)心給了Arjun一個(gè)想法——他要開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，可以告訴父母孩子的校車(chē)的位置)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名叫ArjunKumar的學(xué)生開(kāi)發(fā)了一款軟件，可以告訴父母孩子的校車(chē)的位置。文章介紹了這款軟件的工作原理以及軟件所取得的成就。由此可知，這篇文章主要講了一個(gè)學(xué)生發(fā)明的公共汽車(chē)定位程序。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“EzSchoolBusLocatorusedaspecificbarcodetoidentifyeachstudent.(Ez校車(chē)定位器使用特定的條形碼來(lái)識(shí)別每個(gè)學(xué)生)”可知，Arjun的應(yīng)用程序使用條形碼來(lái)追蹤車(chē)上的兒童。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Arjundidn'tstopthere.Hecontinueddevelopingnewappsandheevenstartedhisownsoftwaredevelopmentpany.Whenaskedforpointersforotheryounginventors,Arjunadvised,“Lookforproblemsaroundyou,andgetinspiredfromthem.You’llseealotofopportunitiestouseyourskillstomakethisworldabetterplacetolive!”(Arjun并沒(méi)有就此止步。他繼續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)新的應(yīng)用程序，甚至成立了自己的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)公司。當(dāng)被問(wèn)及其他年輕發(fā)明家的建議時(shí)，Arjun建議道：“尋找身邊的問(wèn)題，并從中獲得靈感。你會(huì)看到很多運(yùn)用你技能的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)讓這個(gè)世界變得更美好!”)”可知，Arjun繼續(xù)從事軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工作，是為了解決他在世界上看到的問(wèn)題。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，ArjunKumar因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雨回家很晚，父母很擔(dān)心這一問(wèn)題中得到啟發(fā)，從而開(kāi)發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序，可以告訴父母孩子的校車(chē)的位置。同時(shí)他并沒(méi)有因此而止步，而是繼續(xù)從事軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工作，來(lái)解決他在世界上遇到的問(wèn)題。由此推知，ArjunKumar的故事告訴我們：好的問(wèn)題解決者首先是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的人。故選D。CAcenturyago,millionsofQuinocheckerspotbutterfliesflewaboveSouthernCalifornia.Eachaboutthesizeofapaperclip,theQuinoshatchedingreatnumberseachspring.Towardtheendofthetwentiethcentury,however,thedevelopmentoffarmsandcitiesdramaticallyreducedthebutterfly’shabitat.By1997,thepopulationoftheQuinoshaddeclinedtoatinyamountofitshistoricalnumbers.TheQuino’ssituationcontinuedtoworsen.Wildfiresburnedmuchofitshabitat,andtemperaturesweregettingwarmeranddrier,makingtheenvironmentmoredifficulttothebutterfly’shostplantcalledthedwarfplantain.ScientistsknewthatQuinocaterpillarsreliedonthedwarfplantainasafoodsource.Eachspring,theadultfemalebutterflieslaideggsondwarfplantains.Whenthecaterpillarshatched,theyfedontheplantainleaves.However,inthehot,drysummer,theplantainsdiedoff.Thecaterpillarsrespondedbyenteringastatecalleddiapause.Then,whennormalwinterrainscameandtheplantains’flowerscameoutagain,thecaterpillarscamebacktolifeandstartedeating.Oncethey’dgrownlargeenough,thecaterpillarsformedpupaeandemergedasadultbutterflies.Thisstrategyworkedwellinmostyears,butasaveragetemperaturesroseandrainfalldecreased,thecaterpillarsweren’tgettingsufficientfood,andfewerdevelopedintobutterflies.Becausetheareawheretheylivedwassurroundedbydevelopedcitiesanddesertlandscapes,theQuinoshadlimitedoptions.Theytookoffanyway,flyingeastwardintothehills.TheylandedinmountainousopenspaceseastofLosAngelesandSanDiego.Theyfoundnodwarfplantainsthere.Thefemalesbeganlayingtheireggsontheleavesofotherplants,primarilytheCollinsiaconcolor.Theseplantsremainedgreenlongerintothesummermonths.WhenthecaterpillarsQuinossurvived,andtheirnumbersgrewintheirnewhome.ScientistsweresurprisedwhentheybeganencounterinnumerousQuniosintheeasternhills.Theywerecheeredtolearnthatthesesmallinsectshadadaptedtochangingconditions.TheQuinosdemonstratedthetoughnessneededtosurvivebyfindingnotonlyanewhabitat,butanewfoodsource,too.Meanwhile,scientistshadbeenraisingQuinocaterpillarsinalabandreleasedhundredsofcaterpillarsintoprotectedareasaroundSanDiego.Betweentheeffortsofscientistsandthebutterflies’ownactions,moreofthosecolorfullycheckeredwingsmaysoonbeseenflutteringabovetheSouthernCaliforniaskies.8.Fromthepassage,weknowQuinocheckerspotbutterfliesinSouthernCalifornia________.A.wereanendangeredspecies B.couldn’tsurvivethewintercoldC.wereveryadaptabletoenvironmentalchanges D.couldn’trespondtothefoodshortageontheirown9.HowdidQuinocheckerspotbutterfliesadapttochangedconditions?A.Theytravelledtoanewhabitat. B.Theyfoundnewdwarfplantains.C.Theylaidmoreeggsonhostplants. D.Theylearnedtoflyhighupinthemountains10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diapause”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Dyingfromhunger. B.Stoppingbodilyfunctions.C.Beingmoreactive. D.Survivingthehotsummer.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.QuinoCheckerspotButterflies:GetHelpB.QuinoCheckerspotButterflies:EndangeredC.QuinoCheckerspotButterflies:Small,butStrongD.QuinoCheckerspotButterflies:FindaNewHabitat【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種名為Quinocheckerspot的蝴蝶瀕危物種，面臨生存環(huán)境的改變，它們選擇飛往新的棲息地，并在那里找到了新的食物來(lái)源，證明了它們生存所需的韌性。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Towardtheendofthetwentiethcentury,however,thedevelopmentoffarmsandcitiesdramaticallyreducedthebutterfly’shabitat.By1997,thepopulationoftheQuinoshaddeclinedtoatinyamountofitshistoricalnumbers.(然而，到了20世紀(jì)末，農(nóng)場(chǎng)和城市的發(fā)展大大減少了蝴蝶的棲息地。到1997年，Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降到歷史上的一小部分)”以及第三段“TheQuino’ssituationcontinuedtoworsen.Wildfiresburnedmuchofitshabitat,andtemperaturesweregettingwarmeranddrier,makingtheenvironmentmoredifficulttothebutterfly’shostplantcalledthedwarfplantain.(Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶的情況繼續(xù)惡化。野火燒毀了它的大部分棲息地，氣溫變得越來(lái)越暖和和干燥，使得這種蝴蝶的寄主植物——矮車(chē)前草——生存環(huán)境更加困難)”可知，南加州的Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶是一種瀕危物種。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Theytookoffanyway,flyingeastwardintothehills.TheylandedinmountainousopenspaceseastofLosAngelesandSanDiego.Theyfoundnodwarfplantainsthere.(他們還是起飛了，向東飛進(jìn)了山里。他們降落在洛杉磯和圣地亞哥東部的開(kāi)闊山區(qū)。他們?cè)谀抢餂](méi)有找到矮車(chē)前草)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“TheQuinosdemonstratedthetoughnessneededtosurvivebyfindingnotonlyanewhabitat,butanewfoodsource,too.(Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶不僅能找到新的棲息地，還能找到新的食物來(lái)源，這證明了它們生存所需的韌性)”可知，Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶去了一個(gè)新的棲息地來(lái)適應(yīng)變化的環(huán)境。故選A。【10題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“Whenthecaterpillarshatched,theyfedontheplantainleaves.However,inthehot,drysummer,theplantainsdiedoff.Thecaterpillarsrespondedbyenteringastatecalled”以及后文“Then,whennormalwinterrainscameandtheplantains’flowerscameoutagain,thecaterpillarscamebacktolifeandstartedeating.(然后，當(dāng)正常的冬雨來(lái)了，車(chē)前葉的花又長(zhǎng)出來(lái)了，毛毛蟲(chóng)又活了過(guò)來(lái)，開(kāi)始進(jìn)食)”可知，幼蟲(chóng)孵化后，以車(chē)前葉為食。然而，在炎熱干燥的夏季，車(chē)前葉相繼死亡，毛毛蟲(chóng)的反應(yīng)是進(jìn)入一種停止身體機(jī)能的狀態(tài)，等到冬雨來(lái)臨，車(chē)前葉的花又長(zhǎng)出來(lái)了，毛毛蟲(chóng)才再次恢復(fù)生機(jī)并進(jìn)食。即畫(huà)線詞意思是“停止身體機(jī)能”。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theywerecheeredtolearnthatthesesmallinsectshadadaptedtochangingconditions.TheQuinosdemonstratedthetoughnessneededtosurvivebyfindingnotonlyanewhabitat,butanewfoodsource,too.(得知這些小昆蟲(chóng)已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了不斷變化的環(huán)境，他們感到很高興。Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶不僅能找到新的棲息地，還能找到新的食物來(lái)源，這證明了它們生存所需的韌性)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一種名為Quinocheckerspot的蝴蝶瀕危物種，面臨生存環(huán)境的改變，它們選擇飛往新的棲息地，并在那里找到了新的食物來(lái)源，證明了它們生存所需的韌性。可知，C選項(xiàng)“Quinocheckerspot蝴蝶：微小但堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DAsArtificialIntelligence(AI)beesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbeeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtoputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmoreplicatedtasks,it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepafortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybroughtuppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficientlytestandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifweeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots？A.Itmayconstituteachallengetoputerprogranmers.B.Itacpaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.C.Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.D.Ithasbeeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.13.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor？A.Theyareaggressive. B.Theyareoutgoing.C.Theyareignorant. D.Theyareillbred.14.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.B.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.C.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybroughtuphumanbeings.15.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode？A.Determinewhatismoralandethical. B.Designsomelargescaleexperiments.C.Setrulesformanmachineinteraction. D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了隨著人工智能(AI)變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，人們?cè)絹?lái)越擔(dān)心機(jī)器人可能成為一種威脅。根據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教授斯圖爾特·羅素的說(shuō)法，如果我們能把人類(lèi)的價(jià)值觀轉(zhuǎn)化為可編程的代碼，這種危險(xiǎn)是可以避免的?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtoputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.(計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教授斯StuartRussell認(rèn)為，如果我們找到將人類(lèi)價(jià)值觀轉(zhuǎn)化為可編程代碼的方法，這種危險(xiǎn)是可以避免的)”可知，關(guān)于機(jī)器人的威脅，作者說(shuō)如果把人類(lèi)的價(jià)值觀翻譯成機(jī)器人的語(yǔ)言，這是可以避免的。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybroughtuppersonwoulddo.(顯然，文化差異是存在的，但如果你和另一個(gè)人談話，而他們接近你的私人空間，你不會(huì)認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)教養(yǎng)良好的人會(huì)做的事情)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，我們會(huì)認(rèn)為一個(gè)侵犯我們私人空間的人缺乏教養(yǎng)。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.(機(jī)器人也可以通過(guò)從人類(lèi)行為的大量數(shù)據(jù)中繪制模式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值觀)”可知，機(jī)器人可以從大量的人類(lèi)行為數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)人類(lèi)的價(jià)值觀。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifweeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.(在規(guī)劃價(jià)值觀的過(guò)程中，最困難的一步將是決定我們到底相信什么是道德的，以及如何創(chuàng)建一套道德規(guī)則。但如果我們找到了答案，機(jī)器人可能對(duì)人類(lèi)有好處)”可知，當(dāng)我們把人類(lèi)的價(jià)值轉(zhuǎn)觀化為可編程代碼時(shí)，最困難的是確定什么是道德和倫理。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Perhapsyou’veheardtheoldsaying“curiositykilledthecat.”It’saphrasethat’softenusedtowarnpeople—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions.___16___Infact,researchhasshownthatcuriosityisjustasimportantasintelligenceindetermininghowwellstudentsdoinschool.Curiositycanalsoleadustomakeunexpecteddiscoveries,bringexcitementintoourlives,andopenupnewpossibilities.___17___Forexample,onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(線圈)andamagnet(磁鐵)whenhesuddenlysawhowhecouldproduceanelectricalcurrent.Atfirst,itwasn’tclearwhatusethiswouldhave,butitactuallymadeelectricityavailableforuseintechnology,andsochangedtheworld.___18___Ononelevel,thisisbecausetechnologyhasbeesoadvancedthatmanyofusareunabletothinktoodeeplyabouthowexactlythingsworkanymore.Whileitmaybepossibleforacuriousteenagertotakeatoasterapartandgetsomesenseofhowitworks,howmuchdoyouunderstandaboutwhathappenswhenyoutypeawebsiteaddressintoabrowser?Wheredoesyourgraspoftechnologyendandthemagicbeginforyou?Inadditiontothis,there’sthefactthatweallnowconnectsodeeplywithtechnology,particularlywithourphones.Themorewestareatourscreens,thelesswetalktootherpeopledirectly.___19___Thenwefeelweknowenoughaboutapersonnottoneedtoengagefurtherwiththem.Thefinal—andperhapsmostworrying—wayinwhichtechnologystopsusfromaskingmorehastodowithalgorithms,theprocessesfollowedbyputers.Asweincreasinglygetournewsviasocialmedia,algorithmsfindoutwhatwelikeandpushmoreofthesamebacktous.___20___Perhapstherealkeytodevelopingcuriosityinthe21stcentury,then,istorelylessonthetechtoolsofourage.A.Itisstillnotknownwhylearninggivesussuchpleasure.B.Wearealwaysencouragedtochallengeourpreexistingbeliefs.CYetit’swidelyagreedthatcuriosityactuallymakeslearningmoreeffective.D.Alltoooftenweaccepttheimagesofpeoplethatsocialmediaprovidesuswith.E.However,curiosityiscurrentlyunderthebiggestthreat,ingfromtechnology.F.Inscience,basiccuriositydrivenresearchcanhaveunexpectedimportantbenefits.G.Thatmeansweendupinsideourownlittlebubbles,nolongeringacrossnewideas.【答案】16.C17.F18.E19.D20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，在決定學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)如何方面，好奇心和智力同樣重要。然而，好奇心目前面臨的最大威脅來(lái)自科技。因此，在21世紀(jì)培養(yǎng)好奇心的真正關(guān)鍵，或許是減少對(duì)我們這個(gè)時(shí)代技術(shù)工具的依賴?！?6題詳解】上文提示“也許你聽(tīng)過(guò)‘好奇害死貓’這句老話。這句話經(jīng)常用來(lái)警告人們——尤其是孩子們——不要問(wèn)太多問(wèn)題?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“事實(shí)上，研究表明，在決定學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)如何方面，好奇心和智力同樣重要?！背薪由舷挛?，C項(xiàng)Yetit’swidelyagreedthatcuriosityactuallymakeslearningmoreeffective.（然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為好奇心確實(shí)能讓學(xué)習(xí)更有效。）切題。故選C?！?7題詳解】上文提示“好奇心還能引導(dǎo)我們做出意想不到的發(fā)現(xiàn)，給我們的生活帶來(lái)興奮，并打開(kāi)新的可能性。”承接上文，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Inscience,basiccuriositydrivenresearchcanhaveunexpectedimportantbenefits.（在科學(xué)上，以好奇心為基礎(chǔ)的研究可以帶來(lái)意想不到的重要好處。）切題。故選F。【18題詳解】下文提示“在某種程度上，這是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)已經(jīng)變得如此先進(jìn)，以至于我們中的許多人無(wú)法再深入思考事物究竟是如何工作的?！背薪酉挛模珽項(xiàng)However,curiosityiscurrentlyunderthebiggestthreat,ingfromtechnology.（然而，好奇心目前面臨的最大威脅來(lái)自科技。）切題。此處關(guān)鍵詞是technology，故選E?！?9題詳解】上文提示“我們盯著屏幕看得越多，我們與他人直接交流的就越少?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“然后我們覺(jué)得我們對(duì)一個(gè)人已經(jīng)足夠了解，不需要和他們進(jìn)一步接觸?！背薪由舷挛?，D項(xiàng)Alltoooftenweaccepttheimagesofpeoplethatsocialmediaprovidesuswith.（我們常常接受社交媒體為我們提供的人物形象。）切題。故選D?！?0題詳解】上文提示“隨著我們?cè)絹?lái)越多地通過(guò)社交媒體獲取新聞，計(jì)算程序會(huì)弄清楚我們喜歡什么，然后把更多的信息反饋給我們?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“因此，在21世紀(jì)培養(yǎng)好奇心的真正關(guān)鍵，或許是減少對(duì)我們這個(gè)時(shí)代技術(shù)工具的依賴。”承接上下文，G項(xiàng)Thatmeansweendupinsideourownlittlebubbles,nolongeringacrossnewideas.（這意味著我們最終會(huì)陷入自己的小泡泡里，不再有新的想法。）切題。故選G。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MybrotherGenewasfouryearsolderthanme.BythetimeIturnedfour,IwasupsetthathecouldreadbutIcouldn’t.Iburnedwith___21___toreadabooklikemybrother.Ibegged:“Teachmetoread,Mom!Please,please?!”Finally,Momsetasidetimeafterlunch___22___readinglessons,andsoonaftermyfifthbirthday,Iwasreading.Ilongedformyfather,whowasagreatstoryteller,toreadmethebooksthatIcouldn’tyetreadonmyown.Butmyfatherworkedthreejobstofeedthefamily.Hedidn’thavethetimeor___23___intheeveningtoreadtome.___24___,everySundaymorning,mybrotherandIlaynexttohiminbed,waitingforhimtotellstoriesabouthis___25___.Icanstillhearmyfather’svoice___26___thecoldwintersonthefamilyfarminPoland.Hisfamilydidn’thaveenoughmoneytoburnwoodinthefireplaceallnight.Hetoldusthathealwaysvolunteeredtohelpwith___27___.Icansmellthesoupmadebymygrandmaand___28___myfathercuttingonions,carrotsandtomatoesforsalad,andwhennoonewaslooking,puttingapieceintohismouth.“Iwasalways___29___,”heexplained.Hearingmyfather’sstories___30___meclosertothebooksandthestoriestheyheld.OneSaturdayafternoonwhenIwasseven,wewalkedtwoblockstothesmall___31___inourneighborhood,andmydadfilledoutformsforacard.ThatSaturday___32___mylife:ImetMrs.Schwartz,thelibrarian,andmydadsaid,“You’re___33___enoughtowalktothelibraryyourself.”AndsoIdid—almosteveryafternoon.Inmymind,Mrs.Schwartzwas“thekeeperofbooksandtheguardianofstories.”Somedaysshereadaloudtoasmallgroupofus___34___.Mostoftime,Mrs.Schwartzletme___35___myselfwithbooksIpulledfromtheshelvesandlookthroughthemtoseewhichonesI’d___36___out.Irememberthatsometimesshe’d___37___abookandtellmeapartofthestory.Butshealwaysletmechoose.Booksbecamemy___38___whoweremyfortwhenIfeltlonely.Yes,readingchangedme.Itgavemethe___39___tostudyhardsoIcouldbeeateacher,andsharemy___40___ofreadingwithmystudents.Andinsidemyhead,Icanstillhearthevoicesofmymother,father,andMrs.Schwartz,whicharewithmeeverytimeIopenthefirstpageofanewbook.21.A.anger B.desire C.worry D.interest22.A.until B.before C.in D.for23.A.energy B.ambition C.courage D.ability24.A.Finally B.Then C.Therefore D.Still25.A.workplace B.farmland C.childhood D.neighborhood26.A.explaining B.introducing C.describing D.interpreting27.A.cooking B.reading C.farming D.living28.A.picture B.discover C.notice D.catch29.A.busy B.hungry C.poor D.tired30.A.laid B.taught C.drew D.left31.A.club B.bookstore C.office D.library32.A.saved B.tested C.changed D.controlled33.A.near B.old C.ready D.free34.A.graduates B.candidates C.regulars D.municators35.A.reward B.familiarize C.examine D.surround36.A.find B.check C.lend D.sign37.A.write B.study C.remend D.reserve38.A.panions B.assistants C.listeners D.teachers39.A.chance B.dream C.order D.drive40.A.lesson B.love C.time D.plan【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C26.C27.A28.A29.B30.C31.D32.C33.B34.C35.D36.B37.C38.A39.D40.B【解析】【分析】這是一