山東省濟(jì)南市棗莊市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中英語試題

2022—2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二期中學(xué)情檢測英語試題本試卷共12頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷選擇題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whenwillthewomanhandinherpaper?A.NextMonday.B.NextWednesday.C.NextWednesday.2.Whatistheweatherliketomorrow?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.3.Whichcityisthemangoingtofinally?A.Rome.B.Milan.C.Venice.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.PoliceanddriverC.Doctorandpatient.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Wasteful.B.Careless.C.Lazy.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatistheBlueShark?A.Awaterpark.B.Arestaurant.C.Aseafoodmarket.7.WhatwillCaroldolater?A.Havelunch.B.Havesupper.C.Visitrelatives.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whereisthebranchoffice?A.InSpain.B.InJapax.C.InAmerica.9.Whohastherichestworkingexperience?A.Bell.B.Shelly.C.Jack.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemanmakeaphonecall?A.Tocancelanappointment.B.Toaskforsomemedicine.C.Toinvitethewomentomovies.11.Whenwillthemanmeetthewoman?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.12Whatwillthemandenext?A.Haveagoodrest.B.Drinkhatwater.C.Seethedoctor.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.She’shostingaprogram.B.She’schairingameeting.C.She’sintroducingaculture.14.HowdoesHigginsexplain“CulturalShock”?A.Bytellingstories.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byaskingquestions.15.WhatwillsurpriseChinesestudents?A.Beingchallengedinclass.B.Hearingteachers’namecalled.C.Questioningclassmatesinpublic.16.WhatdoesHigginsthinkof“CulturalShock”?A.mon.B.Unusual.C.Surprising.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.AnexhibitionB.Differentclubs.C.Varioussports.18.Whatisspecialaboutsocialclubs?A.Membersoftengatherforfun，B.Theyprovideabarformembers.C.Membershavethesamebackground.19.Whichclubcoststhehighest?AGolfclub.B.Tennisclub.C.Cyclingclub.20.Whatactivitydoworkingmen’sclubsoffer?A.Photographyclass.B.Naturalhistorylecture.C.Variousentertainment.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWorld’sBestPlacestoVisitWithaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheseremendationstocraftyourtravellist.SouthIslandNewZealand’sSouthIslandfillswithimpressivelandscapesateveryturn,fromdramaticmountainstograndchannels.Here,youcanadmirethemountainsofFiordlandNationalPark,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,fromhikingtrailsoraboatonMilfordSound.Besides,journeytotheUniversityofCanterbury’sMountJohnObservatorytostareupatthestarryskiesatnight.ParisThemagneticCityofLightdrawsvisitorsfromaroundtheglobewhoetoseeiconicattractionsliketheEiffelTower,theLouvreandtheArcdeTriomphe.Butwhattravelersreallyfallinlovewitharethecity’soldfashionedcafes,dynamicmarkets,andtrendyshoppingdistricts.Getlostwanderingalongthecharmingcobblestonestreets,orrelaxonthebanksoftheSeineforhours.MauiWhetheryou’redrivingalongtheRoadtoHana,enjoyingabird’seyeviewofMaui’slongcoastlinefromahelicopter,divingwithseaturtlesorsimplyrelaxingonwhiteorblacksandbeaches,you’llfindthatthisHawaiianislandisunlikeanyothertropical(熱帶的)destination.YoushouldalsoattendafeastforlocalcultureandatasteofHawaiianspecialtieslikepoi,pokeandmahimahi.BoraBoraHere,you’llfindcharmingbeaches,thickjunglesandluxuriousresorts.Theisland’sextinctvolcano,MountOtemanu,makesforagreatphotoopportunityorchallenginghike,andthefriendlyBoraBoralocalscanhelpyoucatchtheisland’sbestsights.Torelax,headtoMatiraBeachforclearwaterandsoftwhitesand.AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.1.Whichplacewillbepreferredbyastronomyfans?A.Paris. B.Maui. C.BoraBora. D.SouthIsland.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatMaui?A.Enjoylocalfood. B.Drivealongthecoastline.C.Gohikingaroundtheisland. D.Walkthroughshoppingdistricts.3.WhatdoweknowaboutBoraBora?A.Mostofitslocalsserveasguides. B.Itisabeachwithfantasticscenery.C.Therearehikingtrailsinthejungles. D.Itisappealingdespitethecostlytrip.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個世界上最好的旅游勝地。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SouthIsland中“Besides,journeytotheUniversityofCanterbury’sMountJohnObservatorytostareupatthestarryskiesatnight.(此外，您還可以前往坎特伯雷大學(xué)的約翰山天文臺，在夜晚凝視星空)”可知，天文愛好者更喜歡SouthIsland。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Maui中“YoushouldalsoattendafeastforlocalcultureandatasteofHawaiianspecialtieslikepoi,pokeandmahimahi.(你還應(yīng)該參加當(dāng)?shù)匚幕⒀纾穱L夏威夷特色美食，如印度芋泥、poke和mahimahi)”可知，游客在毛伊島可以享受當(dāng)?shù)厥澄?。故選A。3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.(雖然去波拉波拉島旅行很貴，但大多數(shù)旅行者說這是物有所值的)”可知，盡管路途昂貴，但BoraBora很吸引人。故選D。BWilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,Inc,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissixyearoldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran’smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked”fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran’sbehavior.“That’swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,”hesays.Onweekends,Williamandafewothervolunteerstake20to25kidsoutfishingonarentalboat,whichwassupportedbythecaptainoftheDoubleEagle.Manyhaveneverbeenfishingorevenonaboat,soWilliam—orBigWill,asthekidscallhim—startsbyteachingthebasics.Thenethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.TakeaKidFishing,Inc.hastakenmorethan600fishingtripswithalmost2,000kidswhodon’thaveafatherintheirlives.Hewantstosharehisloveoffishingwithkidswhodon’thaveafathertotakethem.“IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI’mthereforthem,”hesays.Becausemanykidsgoonmultipletrips,Williamisabletobuildrelationshipswiththem.HeandCamran,now20,stillregularlyfishtogether,andCamranseesBigWillasafatherfigure.TakeaKidFishing,Inc.,hasahugeimpact,butitstartedbecauseWilliamwantedtohelponekid.Doyouknowachildwhomightbenefitfromyourfriendship?Introducethemtofishingoranotherhobbyyouenjoy.Youcanmakeagreatdifferencetotheirlife.4.WhatinspiredWilliamDunntofoundTakeaKidFishing,Inc.?A.Kids’passionforfishing. B.Positivechangesofafatherlessneighbor.C.Unfortunateexperiencesoffatherlesskids. D.Behaviorofothervolunteerstohelpfatherlesskids.5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Manykidsexpectedfishingexperiences. B.Fewkidsparticipatedinthefishingtrips.C.Theorganizationtaughtmorethanbasicskills. D.Thefishingboatwasofferedbyothervolunteers.6.WedoweknowaboutWilliamDunnfromthetext?A.Heisanexperiencedcaptain. B.Hethinkspanymattersinkids’lives.C.Hehadanunhappychildhoodasafatherlesskid. D.Hewantedtoraisemoneyforthefatherlesskids.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FishingChangesFatherlessKids’Life B.FriendshipHasaGreatImpactonKidsC.FishingOffersKidstheJoyofRelaxing D.TheLoveofFishingBondsFamilyTogether【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了WilliamDunn創(chuàng)立非營利組織“帶孩子釣魚公司”，該組織通過釣魚運動教育貧困和無父的孩子。文章還介紹了創(chuàng)立背后的原因以及“帶孩子釣魚公司”的影響力?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissixyearoldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran’smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked”fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran’sbehavior.“That’swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,”hesays.(十幾年前，他6歲的沒有父親的鄰居卡姆蘭對媽媽發(fā)脾氣，威廉受到啟發(fā)，請求卡姆蘭的媽媽允許他帶卡姆蘭去釣魚?？贰ぬm從第一次旅行開始就“上癮”了。兩人每周一起釣魚幾次，威廉看到了卡姆蘭行為上的積極變化?！澳菚r我意識到我有責(zé)任幫助那些沒有父親的孩子，”他說)”可知，一個沒有父親的鄰居的積極變化啟發(fā)威廉·鄧恩創(chuàng)立了“帶孩子釣魚公司”。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thenethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.(然后是釣魚帶給我們的人生教訓(xùn)：耐心、團(tuán)隊合作以及在戶外放松的簡單樂趣)”可推知，該組織教授的不僅僅是基本技能。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI’mthereforthem(我只是想讓他們知道，我關(guān)心他們，我會在他們身邊)”可知，威廉·鄧恩認(rèn)為陪伴在孩子的生活中很重要。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“WilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,Inc,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.(威廉·鄧恩是佛羅里達(dá)州萊克蘭的非營利組織“帶孩子釣魚公司”的創(chuàng)始人，該組織通過釣魚運動教育貧困和無父的孩子)”結(jié)合文章還介紹了創(chuàng)立背后的原因以及“帶孩子釣魚公司”的影響力?？芍?，A選項“釣魚改變了沒有父親的孩子的生活”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CInspiredbyseacucumbers,engineershavedesignedtinyrobotsthatrapidlyshiftbetweenliquidandsolidstates.Ontopofbeingabletoshapeshift,therobotsaremagneticandcanconductelectricity.Theresearchersputtherobotsthroughanobstaclecourseofmobilityandshapechangingtestsinastudy.Wheretraditionalrobotsarehardbodiedandstiff,“soft”robotshavetheoppositeproblem;theyareflexiblebutweak,andtheirmovementsaredifficulttocontrol.“Givingrobotstheabilitytoswitchbetweenliquidandsolidstatesequipsthemwithmorefunctionality,”saysChengfengPan,anengineeratTheChineseUniversityofHongKongwholedthestudy.Theteamcreatedthenewshapeshiftingmaterialbyputtingmagneticparticles(磁性粒子)inametal.Researcherstestedthematerial’smobilityandstrengthinavarietyofcontexts.Withtheaidofamagneticfield,therobotsjumpedovergaps,climbedwalls,andevensplitinhalftocooperativelymoveotherlobjectsaroundbeforebiningitselftogether.“Now,we’repushingthismaterialsysteminmorepracticalwaystosolvesomeveryspecificmedicalandengineeringproblems,”saysPan,Onthebiomedicalside,theteamusedtherobotstoremoveaforeignobjectfromamodelstomachandtodeliverdrugsondemandintothesamestomach.“Futureworkshouldfurtherexplorehowtheserobotscouldbeusedwithinabiomedicalcontext,”saysPan.“Whatwe’reshowingarejustoneoffdemonstrations,proofsofconcept,butmuchmorestudywillberequiredtofindhowthiscouldactuallybeusedfordrugdeliveryorforremovingforeignobjects.”8.Whatistheadvantageofthenewrobot?A.Itiseasytocontrol. B.Itismoreintelligent.CItchangesstatesflexibly. D.Itadaptstosurroundingsquickly.9.Whatmakesthemovementoftherobotpossible?A.Thestrengthofthemetal. B.Thevarietyofthecontexts.C.Theliquidstateofthematerial. D.Thepresenceofthemagneticfield.10.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph4?A.Toexplainthetheory,ofthesystem.B.Tofindsolutionstotechnicalproblems.C.Toshowtheapplicationofthenewrobot.D.Toillustrateimprovementinbiomedicalfield.11.WhatmightChengfengPanagree?A.Furtherstudyontherobotisneeded.B.Theconceptoftherobotneedstobeproven.C.Drugdeliverycanbestrengthenedbyrobots.D.Themedicalworldwillbegreatlychanged.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了新機(jī)器人的優(yōu)勢以及需要對機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。受海參的啟發(fā)，工程師們設(shè)計出了能在液態(tài)和固態(tài)之間快速轉(zhuǎn)換的微型機(jī)器人。除了能夠變形外，這些機(jī)器人還具有磁性，可以導(dǎo)電?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inspiredbyseacucumbers,engineershavedesignedtinyrobotsthatrapidlyshiftbetweenliquidandsolidstates.（受海參的啟發(fā)，工程師們設(shè)計出了能在液態(tài)和固態(tài)之間快速轉(zhuǎn)換的微型機(jī)器人。）”可知，這種新機(jī)器人的優(yōu)點是它可以靈活地改變狀態(tài)。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ontopofbeingabletoshapeshift,therobotsaremagneticandcanconductelectricity.Theresearchersputtherobotsthroughanobstaclecourseofmobilityandshapechangingtestsinastudy.（除了能夠變形外，這些機(jī)器人還具有磁性，可以導(dǎo)電。在一項研究中，研究人員讓機(jī)器人通過了移動障礙和形狀變化測試。）”可知，磁場的存在使機(jī)器人的運動成為可能。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“‘Now,we’repushingthismaterialsysteminmorepracticalwaystosolvesomeveryspecificmedicalandengineeringproblems,’saysPan,Onthebiomedicalside,theteamusedtherobotstoremoveaforeignobjectfromamodelstomachandtodeliverdrugsondemandintothesamestomach.（“現(xiàn)在，我們正在以更實際的方式推動這種材料系統(tǒng)，以解決一些非常具體的醫(yī)學(xué)和工程問題，”潘說。在生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面，該團(tuán)隊使用機(jī)器人從模型胃中移除異物，并按需將藥物輸送到同一胃中。）”可知，第四段的目的是“展示新型機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用?！惫蔬xC?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Futureworkshouldfurtherexplorehowtheserobotscouldbeusedwithinabiomedicalcontext,’saysPan.（“‘未來的工作應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步探索這些機(jī)器人如何在生物醫(yī)學(xué)環(huán)境中使用，’潘說。）”，可知，潘成峰可能會同意A項“需要對機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究?！惫蔬xA。DReachingouttosupportapersonwhenthey’reunderstressisalwaysagoodidea.Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.Thestudyshowstheimportanceofsocialsupporttobuffertheriskrofdevelopingdepressionsymptomsingeneral.Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining，andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.Thefindingshowsgreatestimpactofsocialsupportinthosewithhighestriskscoresfordepression.paredtoothergroupsofindividualsinthestudywhohadlowdepressionriskscores,thedoctorsandwidowswithhigherriskscoreshadhigherratesofdepressionaftertheylostsocialsupport,butalsohadlowerratesofdepressionwhentheygainedsocialsupportduringstressfultimes.Sen,whoisthedirectoroftheEisenbergFamilyDepressionCenteraddsthatevenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation(變異)relatedtodepressionvulnerability,learninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.“Furtherunderstandingthedifferentgeneticmapsassociatedwithsensitivitytolossofsocialsupport,lackofsleep,excessiveworkstressandotherriskfactorscouldhelpusdeveloppersonalizedguidancefordepressionprevention,”hesaid.“Inthemeantime,thesefindingsreaffirmhowimportantsocialconnections,socialsupportandindividualsensitivitytothesocialenvironmentareasfactorsinwellbeingandpreventingdepression.”Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.SennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollectscoresbasedondepressionrelatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianandAfricanblood.12.Whatdoesthenewstudyfind?A.Depressioncanbepassedonamonggenerations.B.Oneisgeneticqualityisrelatedtodepression.C.Socialsupportcanreducegeneticdepressionrisk.D.Peoplewithoutsupporttend.tofeeldepressed.13.Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Bycollectingdata. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bystudyingpapers. D.Bydoingexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerability”meaninParagraph4?A.Tendency. B.Weakness. C.Awareness. D.Reduction.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.DepressionwillleadtoDNAvariation.B.Geneticmapscanguideustowellbeing.C.Furtherdataaretobecollectedforthestudy.D.Individualsensitivityisagreatdepressionrisk.【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。當(dāng)一個人處于壓力之下時，伸出援助之手總是一個好主意。事實上，一項新的研究表明，對于那些遺傳品質(zhì)使他們更容易患抑郁癥的人來說，支持可能尤其重要。這項研究顯示了社會支持在緩解抑郁癥狀風(fēng)險方面的重要性?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.（事實上，一項新的研究表明，對于那些遺傳品質(zhì)使他們更容易患抑郁癥的人來說，支持可能尤其重要。）”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“社會支持可以降低遺傳性抑郁癥的風(fēng)險?！惫蔬xC?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining，andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.（這項研究使用了兩組截然不同的壓力人群的數(shù)據(jù):一組是剛接受了最緊張訓(xùn)練的新醫(yī)生，另一組是親人最近去世的老年人。）”可知，研究者通過收集數(shù)據(jù)來完成研究。故選A。【14題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句“l(fā)earninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.（了解這種變異是如何導(dǎo)致抑郁的至關(guān)重要。）”和“evenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation(變異)relatedtodepressionvulnerability,可知，基因研究揭示了更多與抑郁趨向性相關(guān)的DNA變異可知，劃線詞的意思是“趨勢，傾向性”。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.SennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollectscoresbasedondepressionrelatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianandAfricanblood.（此外，研究中使用的數(shù)據(jù)是基于歐洲血統(tǒng)的人，這限制了將研究結(jié)果推廣到其他背景的人的能力。Sen指出，在東亞和非洲血統(tǒng)的其他人群中，正在進(jìn)行其他工作，以收集與抑郁癥相關(guān)的遺傳特征的分?jǐn)?shù)。）”可知，這項研究還需要收集更多的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Risingparentalexpectationsandcriticismarelinkedtoanincreaseinperfectionismamongcollegestudents.____16____Theymayincludedepression,anxietyandselfharm.____17____Priorresearchhasshownthatperfectionistsbeemoreneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)andlesscarefulastheygetolder.Perfectionismalsocanpassthroughgenerations,withperfectionistparentsraisingperfectionistchildren.Threetypesofperfectionismwereincreasingamongyoungpeople.Selforientedperfectionisminvolvesperfectioniststandardsabouttheself.____18____Thatistosay,someoneexpectsotherstobeperfection.Sociallyprescribedperfectionismistheperceptionthatotherpeopleandsocietyrequireperfection.Thethreetypesofperfectionisminteractandevenworsentheeffectsofeachotherinnegativeways.Parentalexpectationshadalargerimpactthanparentalcriticismonselforientedandotherorientedperfectionism.____19____Parentalexpectationshaveahighcostwhenthey’reperceivedasexcessive.Youngpeopletakeinthoseexpectationsanddependonthemfortheirselfesteem.Andwhentheyfailtomeetthem,they’llbecriticalofthemselvesfornotmatchingup.Topensate,theystrivetobeperfect.Parentscanhelptheirchildrennavigatesocietalpressuresinahealthywaybyteachingthemthatfailure,orimperfection,isanormalandnaturalpartoflife.Anothermethodistofocusonlearninganddevelopment,nottestscoresorsocialmediatohelpchildrendevelophealthyselfesteem.____20____A.Perfectionismoftenbeesalifelongcharacter.B.Soparentalexpectationsmaybemoredamaging.C.Itcanhavedamagingmentalhealthconsequences.D.Selfrespectisimportanttoteenagers’development.E.Otherorientedtypeisperfectionismturnedoutward.F.Thesewayscanbeeffectivetocopewithperfectionism.G.Theoldertheyare,themorelikelytheywillbeperfectionists.【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了完美主義對心理健康造成破壞性的影響以及應(yīng)對措施?！?6題詳解】下文“Theymayincludedepression,anxietyandselfharm.(可能包括抑郁、焦慮和自殘)”都是心理健康中的不良表現(xiàn)，選項C“它會對心理健康造成破壞性的影響?！闭f明完美主義對心理健康造成破壞性的影響。故選C項?！?7題詳解】下文“Priorresearchhasshownthatperfectionistsbeemoreneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)andlesscarefulastheygetolder.(先前的研究表明，完美主義者隨著年齡的增長會變得更神經(jīng)質(zhì)，更不小心)”介紹了完美主義的特點，選項A“完美主義往往成為一種終生的性格?！币龑?dǎo)本段，概括完美主義的特點。故選A項?！?8題詳解】上文“Selforientedperfectionisminvolvesperfectioniststandardsabouttheself.(自我導(dǎo)向型完美主義包括對自我的完美主義標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”介紹自我導(dǎo)向型完美主義，選項E“他人導(dǎo)向型是外顯完美主義?！背薪由衔模榻B另一種完美主義——他人導(dǎo)向型完美主義。故選E項?！?9題詳解】上文“Parentalexpectationshadalargerimpactthanparentalcriticismonselforientedandotherorientedperfectionism.(父母期望對自我導(dǎo)向型和他人導(dǎo)向型完美主義的影響大于父母批評)”說明父母的期望對完美主義的影響比父母批評還要嚴(yán)重，選項B“所以父母的期望可能更具破壞性。”和上文存在因果關(guān)系，因為父母期望影響很大，所以可能更具破壞性。故選B項。【20題詳解】上文“Parentscanhelptheirchildrennavigatesocietalpressuresinahealthywaybyteachingthemthatfailure,orimperfection,isanormalandnaturalpartoflife.Anothermethodistofocusonlearninganddevelopment,nottestscoresorsocialmediatohelpchildrendevelophealthyselfesteem.(父母可以通過教育孩子失敗或不完美是生活中正常和自然的一部分來幫助他們以一種健康的方式應(yīng)對社會壓力。另一種方法是關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展，而不是考試成績或社交媒體，以幫助孩子培養(yǎng)健康的自尊)”介紹了對應(yīng)完美主義的方法，選項F“這些方法可以有效應(yīng)對完美主義。”對上述方法做出總結(jié)。故選F項。第三部分語言運用(共四節(jié)，滿分55分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Onceayoungmanwasaskedtopaintaboatofawealthyman.Theyoungmangotsomeredpaintandbrushesandbegantopainttheboat,as____21____bytheowner.Whilepainting,hediscoveredatinyholeintheship’sbodyandquietly____22____it.After____23____ofthepainting,theyoungmanreceivedthemoneyforthepaintjobandleft.____24____,theboat’sownershowedupatthepainter’shousethenextdaywitha____25____check,fargreaterthanthepaintingpayment.Sothisiswhathappened.Theownerforgotto____26____theholewhenheaskedtheyoungmantopainttheboat.Whentheyoungmanwasdonewiththepaint,theowner’skidstooktheboatandwentonafishingtriponcethepainthad____27____.Theownerwasnotthereatthattime.Whenhereturnedanddiscoveredthathischildrenhadtakentheboat,hewas____28____becauseherememberedithadahole.Hetriedtocontactthemseveraltimesbutcouldn’t____29____them.Imaginetheowner’s____30____whenhesawthemreturnfromtheirfishingtrip.Afterthat,hecarefully____31____theboatanddiscoveredthattheyoungmanhadrepairedthehole.Theyoungman____32____hischildren’slives!Youmayhaverepairedmany“boatholes”onyourwayevenwithout____33____howmanylivesyoumayhave____34____.Butthesmallestactofkindnessand____35____maybeworthmoretoothers.So,begratefulandkeepbeingkindandthoughtful.21.A.applied B.requested C.begged D.repeated22.A.covered B.brushed C.fixed D.restored23.A.pletion B.preparation C.evaluation D.management24.A.Still B.Moreover C.However D.Even25.A.substantial B.remarkable C.significant D.meaningful26.A.notice. B.introduce C.recognize D.mention27.A.runout B.driedout C.carriedout D.checkedout28.A.sad B.curious C.anxious D.content29.A.find B.locate C.touch D.reach30.A.regret B.shame C.satisfaction D.delight31.A.searched B.analyzed C.examined D.explored32.A.helped B.protected C.prevented D.spared33.A.realizing B.understanding C.accepting D.counting34.A.impressed B.moved C.impacted D.encountered35.A.thoughtfulness B.attention C.concentration D.mindfulness【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個年輕人在給船主刷油漆的時候，隨手補(bǔ)好了船上的洞，卻意外救了船主孩子的生命。告訴我們最小的善意和體貼的行為可能對別人更有價值。所以，要心存感激，保持善良和體貼?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：年輕人拿了一些紅顏料和刷子，按照船主的要求開始給船涂漆。A.applied應(yīng)用；B.requested要求；C.begged懇求；D.repeated重復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“bytheowner”指年輕人按照船主的要求開始給船涂漆。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在畫畫的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)船體上有一個小洞，就悄悄地把它修好了。A.covered覆蓋；B.brushed刷；C.fixed修理；D.restored修復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“theyoungmanhadrepairedthehole”可知，年輕人修好了船上的洞。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這油漆完成后，這個年輕人收到了油漆工作的錢就離開了。A.pletion完成；B.preparation準(zhǔn)備；C.evaluation評價；D.management管理。根據(jù)后文“ofthepainting,theyoungmanreceivedthemoneyforthepaintjobandleft”可知，年輕人完成了工作就拿錢離開了。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，第二天，船主出現(xiàn)在油漆工的家里，帶來了一張數(shù)額遠(yuǎn)大于油漆費的支票。A.Still仍然；B.Moreover此外；C.However然而；D.Even甚至。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，第二天，船主出現(xiàn)在油漆工的家里，帶來了一張數(shù)額遠(yuǎn)大于油漆費的支票。A.substantial大量的；B.remarkable非凡的；C.significant重要的；D.meaningful有意義的。根據(jù)后文“fargreaterthanthepaintingpayment.”指船主帶了一張數(shù)額遠(yuǎn)大于油漆費的支票。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)船主讓年輕人給船涂漆時，他忘了提到那個洞。A.notice注意到；B.introduce介紹；C.recognize識別；D.mention提及。結(jié)合上文可知，洞是年輕人自己發(fā)現(xiàn)的，說明船主忘了提到那個洞。故選D。【27題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)這個年輕人完成油漆后，等油漆干透了，船主的孩子們就乘著船去釣魚了。A.runout用完；B.driedout變干；C.carriedout實施；D.checkedout結(jié)賬離開。根據(jù)上文“theowner’skidstooktheboatandwentonafishingtriponcethepainthad”可知，等油漆干透了，船主的孩子們就乘著船去釣魚了。故選B。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他回來發(fā)現(xiàn)他的孩子們把船開走了，他很著急，因為他記得船有一個洞。A.sad悲傷的；B.curious好奇的；C.anxious焦慮的；D.content滿意的。根據(jù)后文“becauseherememberedithadahole”可知，船主很著急，因為他記得船有一個洞。故選C。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他試著聯(lián)系他們幾次，但都沒有聯(lián)系上。A.find找到；B.locate定位；C.touch觸碰；D.reach到達(dá)，聯(lián)系。呼應(yīng)上文“Hetriedtocontactthemseveraltimes”指沒能聯(lián)系上孩子。故選D。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：想象一下當(dāng)主人看到他們釣魚歸來時的喜悅。A.regret后悔；B.shame羞愧；C.satisfaction滿意；D.delight高興。根據(jù)后文“whenhesawthemreturnfromtheirfishingtrip”可知，船主看到孩子平安歸來，十分高興。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：之后，他仔細(xì)檢查了船，發(fā)現(xiàn)那個年輕人已經(jīng)把洞修好了。A.searched搜索；B.analyzed分析；C.examined檢查；D.explored探索。根據(jù)后文“theboatanddiscoveredthattheyoungmanhadrepairedthehole”檢查了船體發(fā)現(xiàn)洞被修好了。故選C。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個年輕人保護(hù)了他孩子們的生命！A.helped幫助；B.protected保護(hù)；C.prevented阻止；D.spared抽出。根據(jù)后文“hischildren’slives”可知，年輕人修好了船洞，保護(hù)了孩子們的生命。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你可能以你的方式修補(bǔ)了許多“船洞”，甚至沒有意識到你可能影響了多少人的生活。A.realizing意識到；B.understanding理解；C.accepting接受；D.counting計算。根據(jù)后文“howmanylivesyoumayhave”指意識到自己的行為影響了別人。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你可能以你的方式修補(bǔ)了許多“船洞”，甚至沒有意識到你可能影響了多少人的生活。A.impressed使印象深刻；B.moved移動；C.impacted影響；D.encountered遇到。根據(jù)上文“howmanylivesyoumayhave”指自己的行為影響他人的生活。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是最小的善意和體貼的行為可能對別人更有價值。A.thoughtfulness體貼；B.attention注意力；C.concentration專心；D.mindfulness關(guān)注。呼應(yīng)后文“So,begratefulandkeepbeingkindandthoughtful.(所以，要心存感激，保持善良和體貼)”指最小的善意和體貼的行為可能對別人更有價值。故選A。第Ⅱ卷注意：請用毫米黑色簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dressedinlongrobes,acrowdofyoungpeoplewandersaroundroyalgardens,withtheirflowingsleevesandskirtsgentrywavinginthelightwind.Theyarenotactorsnoractressesinamovieset,____36____HanfuenthusiastsinathemedeventheldinBeijing.Benefitingfromthegrowing____37____(popular)ofsocialmediaandapassionfortraditionalculture,Hanfu,thetraditionalclothingoftheHanethnicgroup,wasbroughtbackto____38____cuttingedgebyanewwaveofyoungChinesedevotees.ManyHanfumunitieswerefoundedfollowingaHanfurevivalmovement____39____emergedfromthedesiretoexpressnationalidentityandtheir____40____(grow)curtualconfidence.Sincethen,somepeoplehavebeenvolunteeringtosupportthesegroupsInrecentyears,anumberofcostumedramas____41____(gain)admirationamongaudiencesandsomeInternetcelebrities.Hanfuisbeingmoreandmore____42____(attr