新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4-課后答案

PAGE3-應(yīng)Keytobook4unit1-4Unit1Activereading(1)Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofaReadingandunderstandingDealingwithunfamiliarwords3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsorevents(proceed)2theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother(transition)3notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotionalway(detached)4referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(upcoming)5tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)6toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)7tosaywhathappened(recount)4CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity3.Itisn’teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudenttoanunemployedyoungadult(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareerisgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodofinactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothesamestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotveryimportant.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfouryearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,becomedependentagainontheirparents.5Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon.(comprehensive)2Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence.(cop)3HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)4Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice.(clutched)5YoushouldspeaktoToby;he’sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours.(advocate)6Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn’tgotbettercompletely.(healed)6Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture?2Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual?4Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon’twantto,or(b)helpyoubylisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?5Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stayathomeanddonothing?7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.1Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayforsomething?2Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesamejourneytogether,or(b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?3Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feelasenseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompletedsomething?4Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindandsympatheticway,or(b)inalazywaywithoutmakingadecision?5Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself(a)well,or(b)badly?6Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or(b)notcareaboutit?7Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto(a)takeresponsibilityagain,or(b)takeiteasy?8Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefullyandsensitively,or(b)refertoitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?Activereading(2)IfyouaskmeDealingwithunfamiliarwords4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1funnyorentertaining(amusing)2usedforemphasizingthatsomethinggoodhashappened,especiallybecauseofgoodluck(fortunately)3anamountofmoneythataperson,businessorcountryborrows,usuallyfromabank(loan)4totakeanamountornumberfromatotal(deduct)5themostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent(highlight)6toshowthatyouunderstandsomeone’sproblems(sympathize)7needingalotoftime,ability,andenergy(demanding)5CompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.AAfterthreeyearsatuniversity,I’mnowquiteheavilyindebt.BI(1)sympathizewithyou,Iknowwhatit’sliketohavefinancialproblems.But(2)fortunatelyIdidn’tneedtotakeoutastudent(3)loanwhenIwasatuniversity,becauseIhadapart-timejob.AWhatdidyoudo?BIworkedinarestaurantatweekends.AThatmusthavebeenvery(4)demanding.BYes,itwas.Ihadtogettherightbalancebetweenworkandstudy.Buttheotherpeoplewhoworkedthereweregoodfuntobewith,soitwasquite(5)amusingtoo.The(6)highlightoftheweekendwasalwaysSaturdaynightwhenweworkedovertime.AButIdon’texpectyoumadealotofmoney?BNo,therewasn’tmuchafterthey’d(7)deductedtaxandpensioncontributions.Butitwasenoughtokeepmegoing.6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.couldusemydegree.Thishasadiscoursemarkerofinformalspeech(youknow).6...it’strue,hereallydidseemtohavethreehands.Againhereisadiscoursemarkerofinformalspeech(it’strue).7Italkedtohimabout...well,aboutprettywelleverything…Thishasanotherdiscoursemarkerofinformalspeech(well)andaninformalphrase(prettywell).Languageinusewordformation:compoundnouns1Writethecompoundnounswhichmean:1adegreewhichisawardedafirstclass(afirst-classdegree)2workinahospital(hospitalwork)3aticketforaplanejourney(aplaneticket)4adiscountforstudents(astudentdiscount)5apasswhichallowsyoutotravelonbuses(abuspass)6aroomwhereaninterviewisheld(aninterviewroom)7aperiodspentintraining(atrainingperiod)wordformation:nounphrases2Writethenounphraseswhichmean:1acareerwhichisrewardingfromthefinancialpointofview(afinanciallyrewardingcareer)2legislationwhichhasbeenintroducedrecently(recentlyintroducedlegislation)3instructionswhicharemorecomplexthanusual(unusuallycomplexinstructions)4aninstitutionwhichisorientatedtowardsacademic(academicallyorientatedwork)5workwhichmakesphysicaldemandsonyou(physicallydemandingwork)6informationwhichhasthepotentialtobeimportant(potentiallyimportantinformation)7candidateswhohavebeenselectedafteracarefulprocedure(carefullyselectedcandidates)8acoursebookinwhicheverythinghasbeenplannedbeautifully(abeautifullyplannedtextbook)tryas…might3Rewritethesentencesusingtryas…might.1I’mtryingtofillthislastpage,butIjustcan’tthinkofanything.TryasImighttofillthislastpage,Ijustcan’tthinkofanything.2ItrytobefriendlywithMarta,butshedoesn’tseemtorespond.TryasImighttobefriendlywithMarta,shedoesn’tseemtorespond.3Itryhardtogettosleep,butIcan’thelpthinkingaboutmyfamily.TryasImighttogettosleep,Ican’thelpthinkingaboutmyfamily.4Hejustdoesn’tseemtogetthepromotionhedeserves,eventhoughhekeepstrying.Tryashemight,hejustdoesn’tseemtogetthepromotionhedeserves./Tryashemighttogetthepromotionhedeserves,hejustdoesn’tseemtogetit.5Ikeeptryingtorememberhername,butmymindisablank.TryasImighttorememberhername,mymindisablank.giventhat…4Rewritethesentencesusinggiventhat…1SinceIknowseverallanguages,IthoughtIwouldlookforworkabroad.GiventhatIknowseverallanguages,IthoughtIwouldlookforworkabroad.2XiaoLihasthebestqualifications,sosheshouldgetthejob.GiventhatXiaoLihasthebestqualifications,sheshouldgetthejob.3Sincewe’reallhere,Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatogetdowntosomework.Giventhatwe’reallhere,Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatogetdowntosomework.4Sinceit’sratherlate,Ithinkweshouldleavethislasttaskuntiltomorrow.Giventhatit’sratherlate,Ithinkweshouldleavethislasttaskuntiltomorrow.clausesintroducedbythan5Rewritethesentencesusingclausesintroducedbythan.1She’sexperiencedatgivingadvice.I’mmoreexperienced.She’slessexperiencedatgivingadvicethanIam./I’mmoreexperiencedatgivingadvicethansheis.2Youeattoomuchchocolate.Itisn’tgoodforyou.Youeattoomuchchocolatethanisgoodforyou.3Sheworkedveryhard.Mostpart-timersdon’tworksohard.Sheworkedharderthanmostpart-timersdo.4Youhavearrivedlatetoomanytimes.Thatisn’tacceptable.Youhavearrivedlatemoretimesthanisacceptable.5Idon’tthinkyoushouldhavegivensomuchpersonalinformation.Itisn’twise.Ithinkyouhavegivenmorepersonalinformationthaniswise.collocations6Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions.1highlightAhighlightisthemostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent.(a)Whatwouldyouliketobethehighlightofyourcareer?Iwouldlikethehighlightofmystudentcareertobetoreceiveanationalawardforthebeststudentresearchproject.(b)Howcanyouhighlightanimportantsentenceinatext?Youcanunderlineitinpencilorpenoryoucanusecolouredpensorhighlighters.(c)Whataretheeditedhighlightsofafootballmatch?Thehighlightsarewhensomeonescoresagoalorpreventsonefrombeingscored.2loanAloanisanamountofmoneysomeoneborrowsfromsomeoneelse.(a)Haveyouevertakenoutaloan?No,Ihaven’t.Butmyparentshavetakenoutseveralloanstobuykitchenequipment.(b)Whatisthebestwaytopayoffaloan?Itisbesttopayaloanoffquickly,althoughyouwillstillhavetopaysomeinterest.(c)Ifyouhavealibrarybookonloan,whatdoyouhavetodowithit?Youhavetoreturnitbeforethedateitisdue,otherwiseyoumayhavetopayafine.3thriveTothrivemeanstobeverysuccessful,happyorhealthy.(a)Whatsortofbusinessthrivesbestinyourpartofthecountry?Inmypartofthecountry,lightindustriesandelectronicscompaniesthrive.(b)Whichsortofplantsthriveinahotclimate?Inahotclimateyoucanseetropicalfruitandvegetablesthriveandalsotropicalplantsandtrees.(c)Whydoyouthinksomecouplesthriveonconflict?Itisdifficulttounderstandwhysomecouplesthriveonconflict.Maybeeachonewantstocompetewiththeotherormaybetheyenjoy“kissingandmakingup”aftertheconflict.7TranslatetheparagraphsintoChinese.Ifyouaskme,reallifeisnotallit’scrackeduptobe.Twelveyearsatschoolandthreeyearsatuniversity,teachersbangingonaboutopportunitiesinthebigwideworldbeyondourshelteredlifeasstudents,andwhatdoIfind?TryasImighttostaycheerful,allIevergetishassle,sometimeswithpeople(especiallyboys,god,whenwilltheygrowup?),butmostlywithmoney.It’sjustsoexpensiveouthere!Everyonewantsasliceoffyou.TheInlandRevenuewantstodeductincometax,thebankmanagerwantsrepaymentsonmystudentloan,thelandlordwantstherent,gas,water,electricityandmymobilebillskeepcomingin,andallthat’sbeforeI’vehadanythingtoeat.Andthensomebrightsparkcallsmeoutoftheblue,askingifI’minterestedinbuyingapension.Atthisrate,Iwon’tevenlasttilltheendoftheyear,letalonetillI’m60.（?翻譯時(shí)可以根據(jù)上下文增譯，即增加原文暗含了但沒有直接表達(dá)出來的意思。如最后一句譯文加了“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金”，點(diǎn)出了與上一句的關(guān)聯(lián)。）依我看，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活與人們想象的不一樣。我們上了12年的中、小學(xué)，又上了3年的大學(xué)，這期間老師們一直在沒完沒了地談?wù)撛诎矊幍膶W(xué)生生活之外那個(gè)廣闊天地里的各種機(jī)會(huì)，可我遇到的又是什么呢？無論我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻煩事總是接踵而來：有時(shí)是跟人爭吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他們什么時(shí)候才能長大？），但通常是為錢發(fā)愁。這個(gè)地方什么東西都很貴！人人都想從我身上拿點(diǎn)錢去：國稅局要收個(gè)人所得稅，銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學(xué)生貸款，房東催我交房租、燃?xì)赓M(fèi)、水費(fèi)、電費(fèi)，手機(jī)賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是，不知從哪里冒出一個(gè)自作聰明的家伙冷不丁地給我打電話，問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去，我連今年都活不過去了，更別提活到60歲領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金了。8TranslatetheparagraphsintoEnglish.我認(rèn)為，選修第二專業(yè)并不適合每一位本科生。我大學(xué)本科主修英語專業(yè)，大一時(shí)就開始輔修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)了。無疑，我是班里最用功的學(xué)生。我竭盡全力想同時(shí)達(dá)到兩個(gè)不同專業(yè)的要求，但還是有不及格的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)需要良好的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，我不得不花大量時(shí)間鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，因而忽略了英語學(xué)習(xí)。第二學(xué)期,《英國文學(xué)》及《宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》兩門課不及格給我敲響了警鐘，這可是我一生中第一次考試不及格，這大大打擊了我的自信心。雖然我不是一個(gè)容易向命運(yùn)低頭的人，在暑假結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我還是決定放棄經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，以免兩個(gè)專業(yè)都難以完成。當(dāng)我只需修一個(gè)專業(yè)的時(shí)候，一切似乎又回到了正軌。(ifyouaskme;odds;tryas…might;sapone’sconfidence;giventhat;bowtofate;cometoaclose;forfearthat;nowthat)Ifyouaskme,takingasecondmajorisn’tgoodforeveryundergraduate.InmyfreshmanyearasanEnglishmajor,Itookeconomicsasmyminor.Byallodds,Iwasthemosthardworkingstudentinmyclass.ButtryasImighttomeettherequirementsofthetwodifferentsubjects,Istillcouldn’tdowellenoughtopassalltheexams.Giventhatthestudyofeconomicsrequiredagoodcommandofmathematics,IhadtospendsomuchtimeonmaththatIneglectedmyEnglishmajor.FailingEnglishLiteratureandMacroeconomicsinthesecondsemestersoundedthealarmforme.ThiswasthefirsttimeIdidnotpassacourseinmylife,whichhadgreatlysappedmyconfidence.AlthoughIwasnotamanwhowouldeasilybowtofate,asthesummerbreakcametoaclose,IdecidedtogiveupeconomicsforfearthatIwouldfailinbothsubjects.NowthatIhadonlyonesubjecttoattendto,everythingseemedtobeontherighttrackagain.TranslationofthepassagesActivereading(1)大學(xué)畢業(yè)找工作的第一要義：別躺在沙發(fā)上做夢今年夏天，超過65萬的大學(xué)生畢業(yè)離校，其中有許多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在當(dāng)今金融危機(jī)的背景下，做父母的該如何激勵(lì)他們？七月，你看著21歲英俊的兒子穿上學(xué)士袍，戴上四方帽，驕傲地握著優(yōu)等學(xué)士學(xué)位證書，拍畢業(yè)照。這時(shí)，記憶中每年支付幾千英鎊，好讓兒子吃好、能參加奇特聚會(huì)的印象開始消退?？偹惆镜筋^了。等到暑假快要結(jié)束，全國各地的學(xué)生正在為新學(xué)期做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)畢業(yè)的兒子還歪躺在沙發(fā)上看電視。他只是偶爾走開去發(fā)短信，瀏覽社交網(wǎng)站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。這位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之間變成了哼哼一代的成員。他能找到工作嗎？這就是成千上萬家庭所面臨的景象：今年夏天，超過65萬大學(xué)生畢業(yè)，在當(dāng)今金融危機(jī)的背景下他們中的大多數(shù)人不知道自己下一步該做什么。父母只會(huì)嘮叨，而兒女們則毫無緣由地變成了叛逆者，他們知道自己該找份工作，但卻不知道如何去找。來自米德爾塞克斯郡的杰克·古德溫今年夏天從諾丁漢大學(xué)政治學(xué)系畢業(yè)，獲得二級(jí)一等榮譽(yù)學(xué)士學(xué)位。他走進(jìn)大學(xué)就業(yè)服務(wù)中心，又徑直走了出來，因?yàn)樗匆姾芏嗳嗽谀抢锱砰L隊(duì)。跟他一起住的另外5個(gè)男孩也都跟他一樣，進(jìn)去又出來了。找工作的壓力不大，雖然他所認(rèn)識(shí)的大多數(shù)女生都有更清晰的計(jì)劃。他說：“我申請政治學(xué)研究工作，但被拒了。他們給的年薪是1萬8千鎊，交完房租后所剩無幾，也就夠買一罐煮豆子，可他們還要有研究經(jīng)歷或碩士學(xué)位的人。然后我又申請了公務(wù)員速升計(jì)劃，并通過了筆試。但在面試時(shí)，他們說我‘太冷漠’了，談吐‘太像專家治國國論者’。我覺得自己不可能那樣，但我顯然就是那樣的?！贝蚰且院笏麄€(gè)夏天都在“躲”。他能夠輕松復(fù)述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看電視的時(shí)間太多，已經(jīng)到了影響健康的地步。跟朋友談自己漫無目標(biāo)的日子時(shí)，他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的處境和自己的并沒有兩樣。其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市擺貨，其余的都是白天9點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)“無所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打發(fā)時(shí)間。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？這樣還可以掙些酒錢?！拔也幌朐诰瓢晒ぷ?，我上的是綜合性中學(xué)，我拼命讀書才考上了一所好大學(xué)。到了大學(xué)，我又埋頭苦讀，才得到一個(gè)好學(xué)位?？涩F(xiàn)在我卻跟那些沒上過大學(xué)的朋友處在同一個(gè)水平線上，他們整天給客人倒酒，干無聊的活。我覺得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原來的起點(diǎn)。他的母親杰奎琳·古德溫為他辯護(hù)。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她的兒子已經(jīng)盡力了，她自己中學(xué)畢業(yè)后一直都在工作，可是她和她的丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)，建議兒子如何繼續(xù)找工作是件很棘手的事情。她說，“我一直都必須工作?，F(xiàn)在找工作很難，因?yàn)槿绻阌辛藢W(xué)位，學(xué)位就會(huì)為你提供新的機(jī)會(huì)，至少你自己會(huì)這么想?！彪m然現(xiàn)在她對兒子的態(tài)度還比較溫和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他的休假就結(jié)束了。他可能還得付房租，分擔(dān)家庭開支。她說，“在某個(gè)時(shí)候他們總該長大成人，我們已經(jīng)幫了他們交了大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)，所以他們也該給我們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)回報(bào)了。南美度假就是一個(gè)分水嶺，他回來以后如果找不到工作，那就打圣誕節(jié)零工好了?！毙睦碇委煄熒w爾·林登費(fèi)爾德是《情感康復(fù)策略》的作者。她說古德溫家長的說法是很恰當(dāng)?shù)模瑥纳洗髮W(xué)到工作的轉(zhuǎn)換對孩子和父母來說都很艱難，關(guān)鍵是他們要在支持理解孩子和不溺愛孩子之間取得平衡?！案改傅闹饕蝿?wù)就是支持他們，如果他們教導(dǎo)孩子該如何做就會(huì)引起矛盾，”她說。“如果有熟人，一定要找他們想辦法。但很多父母心太軟了。必須限制孩子的零花錢，要求他們交房租，或分擔(dān)日常生活或養(yǎng)寵物的花銷。父母要過正常的生活，不要讓孩子隨便用你們的銀行卡或者榨干你們的情感能量。”為他們支付職業(yè)咨詢費(fèi)、面試交通費(fèi)及書費(fèi)是好事，但不能催得太緊。林登費(fèi)爾德建議：雖說父母不能太寬容，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折，父母應(yīng)該體諒他們，寬容他們幾天甚至幾周——這要看他們受打擊的程度來決定。等他們緩過來之后，父母就該堅(jiān)決要求孩子繼續(xù)求職。男孩更容易困在家里。林登費(fèi)爾德相信男人比母親和姐妹更容易幫助他們的兒子、侄子、或朋友的兒子。她說，由于男人和女人處理挫折的方式不同，孩子們需要跟男人談話，才能度過難關(guān)。她強(qiáng)烈支持他們?nèi)ゾ瓢晒ぷ鳎耗鞘强朔厴I(yè)冷漠癥的一劑良方。這工作好不好要取決于你如何看待它。就是在酒吧打工的時(shí)候，林登費(fèi)爾德找到了她的第一份工作，當(dāng)航拍助手。她說在酒吧工作是拓展人際關(guān)系的絕好機(jī)會(huì)，肯定比賴在家里看電視更容易找到工作。她說：“給超市上貨也一樣。如果干得好，你就會(huì)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)的。如果你聰明、活潑，對顧客彬彬有禮，你很快就會(huì)升職。所以，把它看作是機(jī)會(huì)，那些最終能成功的人士都有在超市上貨的經(jīng)歷?！蹦愕膬鹤踊蚺畠嚎赡懿粫?huì)干好萊塢影星們干過的活，比如像烏比·戈德堡那樣去停尸房給死人化妝，或者像布魯斯·威利斯那樣在核電站當(dāng)警衛(wèi)，但即便是布拉德·皮特也曾經(jīng)不得不穿上寬大的雞套裝站在墨西哥快餐連鎖店ElPolloLoco的門口招攬生意。他們中沒有一個(gè)人因?yàn)檫@些經(jīng)歷而變得越來越窮。Activereading(2)依我看依我看，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活與人們想象的不一樣。我們上了12年的中、小學(xué)，又上了3年的大學(xué)，這期間老師們一直在沒完沒了地談?wù)撛诎矊幍膶W(xué)生生活之外那個(gè)廣闊天地里的各種機(jī)會(huì)，可我遇到的又是什么呢？無論我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻煩事總是接踵而來：有時(shí)是跟人爭吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他們什么時(shí)候才能長大？），但通常是為錢發(fā)愁。這個(gè)地方什么東西都很貴！人人都想從我身上拿點(diǎn)錢去：國稅局要收個(gè)人所得稅，銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學(xué)生貸款，房東催我交房租、燃?xì)赓M(fèi)、水費(fèi)、電費(fèi)，手機(jī)賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是，不知從哪里冒出一個(gè)自作聰明的家伙冷不丁地給我打電話，問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去，我連今年都活不過去了，更別提活到60歲領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金了。我那時(shí)還不想出去工作。我的意思是，我并不是個(gè)中途輟學(xué)者，但我知道自己以后可能不得不退學(xué)。許多人認(rèn)為“生活不是野餐”，“沒有免費(fèi)的午餐”。但既然我拿到了優(yōu)等生文憑，我想我應(yīng)該繼__續(xù)攻讀碩士學(xué)位。實(shí)際上，我已經(jīng)瞄上了倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院的課程，這是一所頂尖的學(xué)校，能給我的履歷表增添一段光彩的經(jīng)歷。但當(dāng)我跟媽媽談起這件事時(shí)，她說她沒法繼續(xù)供我上學(xué)了。我大概能理解她的心情，這不僅僅是因?yàn)槲覍W(xué)的是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。15年來，為了能讓我上學(xué)，她含辛茹苦。這些年來，父親大部分時(shí)間都不在家。就算在家，他也沒錢。他把錢都拿去賭狗、喝酒了。我聽了媽媽的話，向命運(yùn)低下了頭。依我看，不管人們說什么，幸運(yùn)的是世上還是有很多好心人。麥克就是其中的一個(gè)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，我想如果我回家，媽媽會(huì)覺得她有責(zé)任照顧我。所以，我就收拾行李去倫敦找工作。我想找金融和投資方面的職位，因?yàn)槟阒肋@樣我就可以用上我的專業(yè)知識(shí)?？墒悄菚r(shí)候已經(jīng)沒有這樣的工作了，我又不愿意做乏味的辦公室工作，復(fù)印文件、端茶倒水什么的。無論你走到倫敦的什么地方，你都能找到一個(gè)好酒吧。有一天，我意識(shí)到這個(gè)城里沒有人會(huì)雇我，我走進(jìn)位于特荷街的索爾茲伯里酒吧去喝一杯，順便吃點(diǎn)東西。店主麥克正在店里，他一只手倒酒，一只手做三明治，同時(shí)還洗酒杯。他真的好像有三只手。他好像也認(rèn)識(shí)所有的客人，叫得出?？偷拿?。他跟他們打招呼，幫他們調(diào)好酒后問一句：“今天還喝這個(gè)，是吧？”我覺得他看起來蠻酷的，他在做著他最擅長做的事情：為那些口渴的顧客服務(wù)，沒人能比得上他。所以我就走上前去問他要不要雇人。好吧，長話短說，某個(gè)周五的午餐時(shí)間我開始在那個(gè)酒吧打工。這份工作要求很高，但我喜歡干。顧客好像覺得我挺逗樂的，這也讓我感覺好一些。有位穿西服的中年?？涂傄肫访摽嗥【疲环莼鹜扰莶巳髦?，面包皮要消掉。他叫托尼。我一看見他進(jìn)來，不等他開口就開始準(zhǔn)備他的午餐，他也是那些好心人之一。依我看，一個(gè)人沒錢的時(shí)候花錢最容易。我開始琢磨怎么花第一個(gè)月的薪水了。我住的公寓房租很貴，我掙的錢剛夠支付第一個(gè)月的大筆賬單，但是我估計(jì)還能剩點(diǎn)錢好好犒勞一下自己。我想，何不買張CD或買盆花草裝點(diǎn)一下房間？發(fā)工資的那天正好是我的生日，除了麥克和托尼，我在倫敦就沒有別的朋友了。如果你知道我那時(shí)還沒有男朋友，你就會(huì)理解我為什么覺得對不起自己了。我給自己定了些鮮花，讓賣花的人附上一張卡片，上面寫道：“給你我所有的愛。無名氏”。我生日那天最精彩的瞬間就是送花人到達(dá)公寓時(shí)大惑不解的眼神。那周晚些時(shí)候，托尼像往常一樣來了，在酒吧里坐下。“你怎么了？今天怎么不見你笑啦？”我跟他聊了……嗯，差不多什么都跟他說了：錢、碩士學(xué)位、生日等等。他很同情我。托尼離開擱腳凳和旁邊幾個(gè)人說話。記?。核鳡柶澆锞瓢墒窃谑兄行?，這里所有的顧客都在銀行、保險(xiǎn)或證券市場工作。第二天，他拿著幾張價(jià)值共2萬英鎊的支票來到酒吧，他對我說：“這是給你的創(chuàng)業(yè)貸款，你唯一的貸款擔(dān)保是我對你的信任，相信有一天你賺了錢會(huì)把錢還給我們。如果你還不了錢，那就太糟了，金融生意就是這樣。但是，我相信你還得了?！蔽覜]說話，我怕我自己要哭了。世上這么好的人能有幾個(gè)？那些花怎么處理？我叫花店改送到媽媽那里去了，我生日那天鮮花正好送到她家。她最該得到這些鮮花，不是嗎？依我看，回顧這些年的經(jīng)歷，我發(fā)現(xiàn)人一輩子只需要一兩次的轉(zhuǎn)折就能成功。就算吃苦受累也不要緊，那還是值得的。在索爾茲伯里酒吧干了一年之后，我去了倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院深造。拿到碩士學(xué)位之后，我在一家投資銀行找到了一份工作。我把那兩萬英鎊投進(jìn)了證券市場，在2008年金融崩盤之前賣掉了所有的股票。我把托尼和其他投資者的錢還了，付給他們10%的年息，并成立了自己的公司。公司的生意好得超乎意料，至今還紅紅火火。托尼給我寫了一封感謝信。他出了車禍，現(xiàn)在不能走路了。我還給他的錢正好可以用來改造房子，房子改造后他就可以坐著輪椅在家里自由活動(dòng)了。下面是他信里寫的話：“我從事銀行業(yè)35年來最好的投資就是給你的這筆貸款，你連本帶利地償還了貸款，我對你的信任和你的誠實(shí)都獲得了百倍的回報(bào)。依我看，在人身上投資能帶來你最希望看到的回報(bào)。”依我看，他說得對。你說呢？Unit2Activereading(1)Danger!BooksmaychangeyourlifeCulturepointsLewisCarroll(1832–1898)isthepen-nameofCharlesDodgson.Hewasapriest,amathematicianwhotaughtatOxfordUniversity,aphotographer,humoristandwriterofchildren’sliterature.Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland(1865)wasimmediatelysuccessful,amasterpiecewhichrevolutionizedchildren’sliterature,givingcoherenceandlogicthroughwitandhumourtounlikelyorimpossibleepisodesinwhichimaginarywhatAlicefoundthere(1871)andnonsensepoems,suchasTheHuntingoftheSnark(1876).WilliamCowper(1731–1800):anotableEnglishpoet,writerofhymnsandletter-writer.Hewrotegentle,pious,directpoemsabouteverydayrurallifeandscenesofthecountrysidewhichhavebeenseenasforerunnersoftheRomanticmovement:ColeridgecalledCowper“thebestmodernpoet”.HetranslatedHomer’sGreekepics.TheOdysseyandTheIliadintoEnglish.Anotherexampleofhisverseswhichhavebecomecommonsayingsis“Godmovesinmysteriousways,Hiswonderstoperform…”JohnSteinbeck(1902–1968):AmericannovelistwhowasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.TheGrapesofWrath(1939)isawell-known,longtragicnovelaboutanAmericanfamilyoffarmerswhoaredrivenofftheirlandinOklahomabysoilerosioninthefamous“dustbowl”era.TheyfleetoCaliforniatowhattheyhopewillbeabetterlife.ThebookwonthePulitzerPrizeandwasmadeintoafilmin1940.Otherwell-knownnovelsincludeOfMiceandMen(1937),CanneryRow(1945),ThePearl(1947),EastofEden(1952)andanaccountofapersonalrediscoveryofAmerica,TravelswithCharlie(1962).JohnIrving(1942–):AmericannovelistandscreenwriterwhotaughtEnglishatcollegeandwasawrestlingcoach.TheFourthHand(2001)isacomic-satiricalnovelaboutaTVjournalist,Wallington,whosehandisseenbymillionsofviewerstobebittenoffbyacircuslion.Asurgeongiveshimahandtransplant(athirdhand)butthewifeofthedeaddonorwantstovisitherhusband’shandandhaveachildbyWallington,whofeelswherehisoriginalhandusedtobe(thefourthhand).AudreyNiffenegger(1963–):Americancollegeprofessorwhoteacheswritingtovisualartistsandshowsstudentshowtomakebooksbyhand.Herfirstnovel,TheTimeTraveller’sWife(2003)–filmedin2009–isasciencefictionandromancebestselleraboutamanwhotravelsuncontrollablyintimetohisownhistoryandvisitshiswifeinherchildhood,youthandoldage.Hiswifeneedstocopewithhisabsencesanddangerouslifewhilehetravels.Thestoryisametaphorfordistanceandmiscommunicationinfailedrelationships.PaulTorday(1946–):aBritishbusinessmanwhoworkedforacompanythatrepairedship’senginesformanyyears.SalmonFishingintheYemen(2007)washisfirstnovel.ItisapoliticalsatireandcomedyaboutadullcivilservantwhobecomesinvolvedinaplantopopulatethedesertwithScottishsalmon.Politiciansmanagethemediato“spin”thisasaplantheysupportinordertodivertattentionfromproblemsintheMiddleEast.Therearethemesofcynicismandbelief,andEast-Westcultureclashes.AleksandrSolzhenitsyn(1918–2008):aRussianwriterwhowasimprisonedinSovietlabourcampsin1945;aftereightyears,hewasexiledtoKazakhstanandnotfreeduntil1956,whenhebecameateacher.In1970hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturebutnotreceiveituntil1974.HewenttoGermany,SwitzerlandandtheUSA,returningtoRussiain1994.Hisbestknownnovelswerebasedonhisexperiencesasaprisonerandinclude:OneDayintheLifeofIvanDenisovich(1962),CancerWard(1968),TheGulagArchipelago(1974–1978).HislaterworkswereaboutRussianhistoryandidentity.GrahamGreene(1904–1991):aBritishnovelist,short-storywriter,playwright,travelwriterandessayist.Hewroteanumberofthrillers(hecalledthem‘entertainments’)whichdramatizeanambiguousmoraldilemma,oftenrevealingguilt,treachery,failureandathemeofpursuit.Greenewasalsoafilmcriticandallofthesenovelshavebeenmadeintofilms:BrightonRock(1938),ThePowerandtheGlory(1940),TheHeartoftheMatter(1948),TheThirdMan(1950),TheQuietAmerican(1955),andOurManinHavana(1958).E.M.Forster(1879–1970):aBritishnovelistandwriterofshortstoriesandessays.HelivedatdifferentperiodsinItaly,EgyptandIndiaandtaughtatCambridgeUniversity.HisbestknownnovelsincludeARoomwithaView(1908),Howard’sEnd(1910),APassagetoIndia(1924)whichhaveallbeenmadeintofilms.Hiswritingaboutreadingandwritingincludesabookoflectures,ThomasMerton(1915–1968):anAmericanCatholicwriter,whowasaTrappistmonkinKentucky.Hewroteover70books,includingmanyessaysaboutBuddhismandatranslationintoEnglishoftheChineseclassic,ChuangTse.HehadagreatdealtosayaboutthemeetingofEasternandWesternculturesandwrotemanyletterstowriters,poets,scholarsandthinkers.HereadalotinEnglish,Latin,FrenchandSpanishandsaidhealwayshadatleastthreebookswhichhewasreadingatanyonetime.WilliamBlake(1757–1827):aBritishpoet,artistandmystic,whoreadwidelyinEnglish,French,Italian,Latin,GreekandHebrew.HemademanyengravingstoillustratetheworkofsuchwritersasVirgil,DanteandChaucer,aswellashisownpoems.Hestressedthatimaginationwasmoreimportantthanrationalismandthematerialismofthe18thcenturyandcriticizedtheeffectsoftheindustrialrevolutioninEngland,buthisworkwaslargelydisregardedbyhispeers.HeisbestknownforhispoetryinSongsofInnocence(1787)andSongsofExperience(1794).Hisbeliefintheonenessofallcreatedthingsisshowninhismuch-quotedverse,“Toseetheworldinagrainofsand/Andaheaveninaflower,/Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand/Andeternityinanhour.”CliftonFadiman(1904–1999):anAmericanwriter,radioandTVbroadcasterandeditorofanthologies.Forover50yearshewasaneditorandjudgefortheBook-of-the-MonthClub.In1960hewroteapopularguidetogreatbooksforAmericanreaders,TheLifetimeReadingPlan,whichdiscusses133authorsandtheirmajorwork:the1997editionincludes9authorsfromChina.J.K.Rowling(1965–):BritishwriterofthesevenHarryPotterfantasybooks.ShestudiedFrenchandClassicsatExeterUniversity,beforeteachingEnglishinPortugalandtrainingtoteachFrenchinScotland.ThemainideaaboutaschoolforwizardsandtheorphanHarryPottercameonadelayedtrainjourneyfromManchestertoLondonin1990.ShebegantowriteassoonasshereachedLondon.TwelvepublishersrejectedthefirstbookbeforeBloomsbury,asmallLondonpublisher,agreedtopublishit.Laterbookshaverepeatedlybrokenallthesalesrecords(ashavesomeofthefilms).SheisoneoftherichestwomenintheUKandanotablesupporterofmanycharities.Languagepoints1Variety’stheveryspiceoflife,/Thatgivesitallitsflavour…(Para2)Spicesaremadefromplantsandaddedtofoodtogiveititsparticularflavourortaste.TheEnglishproverb“Varietyisthespiceoflife”(theproverbcomesfromCowper’spoem)thereforemeansthatvarietygiveslifeextravalueandallowsyoutoappreciatelifeinparticularways.2Welearntolookbeyondourimmediatesurroundingstothehorizonandalandscapefarawayfromhome.(Para3)Thismeansthatthroughreadingwelearntolookbeyondourimmediateexperienceorfamiliarenvironmenttothingsbeyondourimmediateexperience,ietocompletelydifferentthingsthatwecanimagineandexperiencethroughbooks.3Whenabaseballplayerhitsahomerunhehitstheballsohardandsofarhe’sabletorunroundthefourbasesofthediamond,andscorepointsnotonlyforhimselfbutfortheotherrunnersalreadyonabase.(Para9)IntheAmericangameofbaseball,thefieldofgrassisdiamond-shapedandhasfourbases(specificpointsmarkedaroundthediamond),roundwhichplayersmustruntoscorepoints.Oneteambats(ieteammemberstaketurnstohittheballandrunroundthebases)andthemembersoftheotherteamthrow(pitch)theballand,whenitishasbeenhit,trytocatchitorgetitquicklytooneofthefourbases.Ifabattingplayercanhittheballhardenough,hecanrunroundallfourbasesbeforetheotherteamcangettheballandthusscoremaximumpoints–withahomerun.Inthepassage,areallygoodbookisahomerun.3Choosethebestanswertothequestions.1WhyarewelikeAliceinwonderlandwhenwereadabook?(a)Because,likeAlice,weoftenhaveaccidents.(b)Becausereadingmakesusfeelyoungagain.(c)Becausereadingopensthedoortonewexperiences.(d)Becausebooksleadusintoadreamworld.2Accordingtothewriter,whatistheadvantageofreadingoverreallife?(a)Thereismorevarietyinbooksthaninreallife.(b)Wecanexperiencevarietyanddifferencewithoutgoingoutofthehouse.(c)Thepeoplewemeetinabookaremoreinterestingthanrealpeople.(d)It’shardertomakesenseofreallifethanabook.3WhatdothesevennovelslistedinParagraph4haveincommon?(a)Theirtitlesstimulateimagination.(b)TheyrepresentthebestwritingbyBritishandAmericannovelists.(c)Theyhavebecomeclassics.(d)Youcanfindalloftheminanylocallibrary.4Atwhatmomentinourlivesdobooksbecomeimportant?(a)As