Unit 3 Getting along with others Extended reading 課件-2023-2024學(xué)年牛津譯林版（2020）高中英語必修第一冊

OfFriendshipFrancisBaconUnit3Lead-invideoWhatdoyouthinkistruefriendship?Therealfriendissomeone_________________________;someone_______________________,evenwhentimesaretough.whobringsoutthebestinyouwhoisalwaysthereforyouPre-readingIntroduction：AnEnglishRenaissancestatesmanandphilosopher,knownforhispromotionofthescientificmethodandforhisessayswhichshowhissharpworldlywisdom.介紹：英國文藝復(fù)興時期的政治家和哲學(xué)家，以推廣科學(xué)方法和展示他敏銳智慧的文章而聞名。FrancisBacon(1561—1626)弗朗西斯·培根Pre-readingOfFriendshipTheValue？TheImportance？TheImpact？TheDefinition？predictionThebenefits？Thedevelopment？while-readinggistReadtheessaycarefullyandtellushowmanypartsyouthinkitcanbedividedinto,andalsotellusthemainideaofeachpart.

PartOne:

The

___________offriendship.

PartThree:________onmakingfriends.

PartTwo:______“fruits”offriendship.

ArgumentConclusion

EvidenceimportanceThree(Para.1)(Para.2~5)Advice(Para.6)WhatWhyHowpara5para2para4para6para3para1Genre:A.AnargumentationB.ApoemC.AnovelD.Anewsreportwhile-readinggist

Herearesomequestions:1.What’sthethemeoftheessay?2.What’sFrancisBacon’sviewonfriendship?3.Howmany“fruits”doclosefriendshipshave?4.Andwhatarethey?5.What’sBacon’sadviceonmakingfriends?

Friendship.Friendshipisveryimportanttous.Three.

Comforttheheart,advisethehead,andhelpusachievethegoals.Friendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationshipcarefullydeveloped.while-reading

para1Aswewalkthe“pathoflife”,wemaysometimeswishtobealonewithourownthoughts,forquietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.Sociallifeisalsoimportanttous.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipswillhelpsmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatweareallmeanttotravel.Thinking:what’sthefunctionoftheparagraph1?introducethetopic;...當(dāng)我們走上人生之路時,我們有時可能希望獨自思考，因為安靜的反思會帶來個人進(jìn)步。Aswewalkthe“pathoflife”,wemaysometimeswishtobealonewithourownthoughts,forquietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.while-readingpara1for連接兩并列句，呈因果關(guān)系A(chǔ)s引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句giverisetocontributetocause/generateresultinreflection→reflect(v.)→reflective(adj.)反光的，沉思的→reflector(n.)反光面

n.

沉思；反射；映像；反映phrases：reflectonsth.

反思某事withoutreflection

不假思索1.Whenyoulookatyourselfinthemirror,youseeareflection.

2.Yourchoiceofcolourisareflectionofyourpersonality.

while-reading當(dāng)你照鏡子的時候，你會看到一個映像。你對顏色的選擇反映了你的性格。para1Iacceptedtheplan

ontheconference.我在會上不假思索地接受了那個計劃。Whenthesun’srayshittheearth，alotofheat

(reflect)backintospace.太陽光照射到地球時，大量的熱反射回太空中。“Ireflect

howmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.他說：“我反思了我的一天是如何過去的，并思考了一周余下的時間?！盩hemanwaslyingonthegrassandreflectedonwhathappenedthatday.=Themanwaslyingonthegrass，

__________________________________________.while-readingwithoutreflectionisreflectedon/uponreflectingonwhathappenedthatdaypara1然而，當(dāng)我們試圖獨處時，我們必須要注意，不要總是逃避到自己的世界里去。However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.while-readingwhen引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做becareful的賓語para1seek-sought-sought→seeker尋找者

vi.試圖；尋找；爭取 vt.尋求；尋找phrases：seektodosth. 試圖做某事；努力做某事seekout 找到；尋出 seekfor

找尋seekafter 追求seekone’sfortune 外出尋找發(fā)財?shù)臋C(jī)會jobseeker 求職者

while-readingpara1Hewillseek___________(bring)outthebestinthisnaughtystudent.他會設(shè)法使這個調(diào)皮學(xué)生身上最好的一面顯示出來。Theyouthhavedecidedtoseek_________thetruthoftheaccident.那些年輕人決定要找出這起事故的真相。Everyoneintheworldhastherighttoseek______happiness.世界上所有人都有追求幸福的權(quán)利。Manyfarmerswentdowntownto_______________________.許多農(nóng)民到城里尋找發(fā)財?shù)臋C(jī)會。while-readingtobringoutforseektheirfortunepara1escape

vi.&vt.逃脫，躲避；逃跑；避免；被遺忘

n.逃離，逃脫phrases：escapefrom 從……逃脫/逃跑escape＋n./doingsth. 避開(做)某事escapeone’sattention 逃過某人的注意Thewordsescapeme.

無從開口anarrowescape 九死一生注意：下面兩個短語的區(qū)別：escapefromprison 越獄 escapeprison 逃過牢獄之災(zāi)while-readingpara1Thehuntertriedtoescape_______theforest，buthelosthisway.獵人試圖逃出森林，但是迷路了。Themanwhogatheredinsectshad____________________theotherday.不久前的一天收集昆蟲的這個人九死一生。Afterhehadescapedfromprison，hecametoasmalltown.=After________________________，hecametoasmalltown.while-readingfromanarrowescapeescapingfromprisonpara1學(xué)習(xí)筆記p53.5while-reading社交生活對于我們來說也很重要。通常，親密的友情能助我們踏平時而坎坷卻又注定要經(jīng)過的道路。=SociallifeisofequalimportancetousSociallifeisalsoimportanttous.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipswillhelpsmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatweareallmeanttotravel.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是thesometimesrockyroad從句中的travel做及物動詞用para1smooth→smoothlyadj.（表面）光滑平坦的，平整的；（動作等）流暢的；（人）圓滑的，八面玲瓏的；v.撫平，弄平滑；解決問題，消除困難；緩和；使優(yōu)雅smoothout/away

消除smooth/pavethewayfor

為...鋪平道路

while-readingpara1mean→meaning→meaningful→meaningfullywell-meaning出于好心的，善意的v.意味著；表示……的意思；打算，意欲meantodo 打算做bemeanttodo 目的在于meandoing 意味著adj.吝嗇小氣的；刻薄的；平均的；簡陋的，破舊的；微薄的n.平均數(shù)※means手段，方式；財富（單復(fù)數(shù)同形）byallmeans當(dāng)然行 bynomeans絕不bymeansof 依靠...的手段

while-readingpara1Heisso

thateventhoughheisrich,heisunwillingtodonateapennytothevictimsoftheearthquake.

willwegiveupanychancetolearnEnglish

usinghightechnology,wecanimprovetheefficiencyofdoingthings.while-readingdetailsmeanBynomeans他是如此的吝嗇，以至于即便他十分富有，他也不樂意給地震中的受害者捐一分錢。我們絕不會放棄任何學(xué)習(xí)英語的機(jī)會。Bythemeansof通過使用高科技，我們可以提高做事的效率。Asweliveinsocialgroups,therearemanybenefitsoffriendshipthatwecanenjoy.Generallyspeaking,closefriendshipshavethree“fruits”:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.Throughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.while-reading

para2Thinking:what’sthefunctionoftheparagraph2?givetheargument(thesisstatement)ofthepassage；identifythreetopicsentencesAsweliveinsocialgroups,therearemanybenefitsoffriendshipthatwecanenjoy.while-reading由于我們生活在社會群體中，我們可以享受到友誼的許多好處。as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是benefitspara2while-readingpara2benefit→beneficialn.優(yōu)勢；益處；成效；利潤，補(bǔ)助金vt.使受益 vi.得益于phrases：beofbenefitto...

對……有益的 bebeneficialto... 對……有益for

thebenefitof...

為了……的利益benefitfrom... 從……中受益benefitsb. 使某人獲益while-readingpara2Thenewcourseisofbenefit____littlechildren.這門新課程對小孩子有好處。Thewarningsignwasputupthere_______

thebenefitofthepublic.那里設(shè)立了警告牌是為了公眾的利益。Whodoyouthinkwillbenefit_______

thechange?你認(rèn)為誰會從這個變化中獲益Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveus____________(benefit)VitaminD.(2019·全國Ⅰ)雖然太陽紫外線老化和危害我們的皮膚，它們也給我們有益的維生素D。toforfrombeneficial學(xué)習(xí)筆記p54.6while-reading懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)and連接三個并列動詞comfort，advise，help，共用主語theypara2定語從句，先行詞是goals，關(guān)系代詞作賓語省略一般來說，親密的友誼有三個“成果”：它可以撫慰心靈啟迪思維，并且?guī)椭覀儗崿F(xiàn)我們?yōu)樽约涸O(shè)立的目標(biāo)。Generallyspeaking,closefriendshipshavethree“fruits”:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.while-readingpara2comfort→comfortable(adj.)→uncomfortable(oppo.)→comfortably(adv.)vt.安慰；撫慰 n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服phrases:incomfort 舒適地 givecomforttosb. 安慰某人agreatcomforttosb. 對某人來講是莫大的安慰Itis/wasacomforttodosth. 做...是件令人安慰的事。while-readingpara2Mrs.Smith____________(comfort)hersonwhenhefailedtocatchtheopportunity.Inmyopinion,thetriptoTibetwasratherlongand_________________(comfortable).Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbe_____comfortinthosehardtimes.Inmoderntimes,peoplehavetolearntolivewithallkindsofpressurealthoughtheyare________________________(過著一種舒服的生活).comforteduncomfortablealeading/living/havingacomfortablelifeThroughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.while-reading通過友誼，我們可以變成更快樂、更明智、更滿足的人。para2while-readingdetails________theheartWearefreeto______ourjoyandsadness_____truefriends,______makeshappiness________agreatermeaningand_________becomeshalved.Comfort

share

with

which

takeontroubleThefirstfruitoffriendshipisthepeacethatcomesfrom

sharingwithfriendsourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage—happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.

while-readingpara3topicsentenceanalyze：doubleadvantageanalyze：causeandeffectwhile-reading友誼的第一個成果是和諧，和諧來自與朋友分享我們的喜悅、悲傷、失敗與成功。para3that引導(dǎo)的定語從句Thefirstfruitoffriendshipisthepeacethatcomesfromsharingwithfriendsourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.while-readingpara3failure→fail(v.)n.失?。皇〉娜嘶蚴?；未履行；故障phrases：afailure 一個失敗的人或事failtodosth. 沒做成某事failinsth. 失敗，沒通過Wordsfailme. 無法用語言表達(dá)。學(xué)習(xí)筆記p54.7Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage—happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.while-reading在這里，友誼有雙重優(yōu)勢——幸福具有更大的意義朋友，分擔(dān)的煩惱減半。

當(dāng)然，這種坦率來自親密的友誼。para3過去分詞做后置定語過去分詞做后置定語保留了動詞的動態(tài)感；如果做前置則完全是形容詞。while-readingpara3takeon 聘用，雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)或擔(dān)任takeoff 脫下；起飛；打折扣；請假休息takeover 接替，接管，繼承takein 收留，包括，理解，欺騙

takeup 開始(學(xué)習(xí)或從事等)；繼續(xù)；占去；接納；討論。take短語while-readingpara3學(xué)習(xí)筆記p54.8他放棄學(xué)醫(yī)，開始學(xué)物理。你愿意讓我接替你開一會兒車嗎?別被他的諾言所欺騙。你可以減價五美元嗎?這家公司決定聘一個新秘書。Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.Wouldyoulikemetotakeoverthedrivingforawhile？Don’tbetakeninbyhispromises.Canyoutakefivedollarsofftheprice?Thecompanydecidedtotakeonanewsecretary.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.while-reading有了真正的朋友，我們可以與之毫無顧忌地分享喜悅與悲傷。我們知道，好友既會尊重我們的情感，也會珍視這些親密的時光。實際上，人的內(nèi)心離不開這些機(jī)會來獲取慰藉和庇護(hù)。para3that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，and連接并列動詞respect和treasurerelyon/countonwhile-readingpara3measure→measurement(n.)vt.估量，判定；測量n.措施；衡量phrases：measure...by...

用……衡量……bemeasuredby/in...

用……來計算/衡量takemeasurestodosth

采取措施做某事make...toone’s

measure

根據(jù)某人的尺寸做※注意：measure表示“測量長、高或?qū)挄r”是連系動詞，無被動語態(tài)。while-readingpara3學(xué)習(xí)筆記p53.1&4(1)Apersonshould

notappearance.衡量一個人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該是品質(zhì)而不是外表。(2)Itishightimethatweshould_________________________________________.是時候采取措施防止空氣被污染了。(3)MrSmithaskedthetailorto_____________________________________.史密斯先生讓裁縫按自己的尺寸做一些新衣服。bemeasuredbyqualitiestakemeasurestokeeptheairfrombeingpollutedmakesomenewclothestohisownmeasurewhile-readingpara3moment→momentary(adj.)→momentarily（adv.）n.時光；瞬間；某個時刻phrases：atthemomentatthatmomentinamomentwhile-readingdetails________theheartWearefreeto______ourjoyandsadness_____truefriends,______makeshappiness________agreatermeaningand_________becomeshalved.________thehead

Ourfriendsoftenofferus_________onourimportantdecisions.Talkingwithwisefriendsmakesourthoughts________andourunderstandingsmore_______.Comfort

share

with

which

takeontroubleAdvise

advice

clearerthoroughwhile-reading

para4Thesecondfruitoffriendshipisthebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatmaybeachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.Also,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.topicsentence第一點第二點，ontheotherhand第三點，alsoconclusionThesecondfruitoffriendshipisthebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatmaybeachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.while-readingand連接并列的名詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是thebetterunderstandingandjudgementpara4友誼的第二個碩果是，通過與善意和明智的朋友交談可以獲得更好的理解力和判斷力。Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.while-reading我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)清別人的缺點遠(yuǎn)比認(rèn)清我們自身的缺點要容易。因此，如果只跟著自己的感覺走，我們的判斷可能就是片面的。it做形式賓語if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句para4學(xué)習(xí)筆記p55.10while-readingpara4recognize→recognition(n.)vt.承認(rèn)；意識到；認(rèn)出，辨別出recognizeone’svoice 辨別出某人的聲音recognizesb.as/tobe... 承認(rèn)某人是……berecognizedas 被認(rèn)為是Itisrecognizedthat... 人們公認(rèn)……recognition n.承認(rèn)；認(rèn)出inrecognitionof 承認(rèn)beyondrecognition

無法辨認(rèn)，面目全非while-readingpara4學(xué)習(xí)筆記p54.9_________________________LiuHuanisafamousmusician.劉歡是一位著名的音樂家，這是大家公認(rèn)的。After25yearsthetowncenterhadchangedbeyond______________(recognize).25年過去了，市中心變得認(rèn)不出來了。We_____________________ahard-workingandhonestperson.我們認(rèn)為他是一個工作努力又誠實的人。Lincoln______________________________greatestpresidentsinAmerica.林肯被認(rèn)為是美國最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。ItisrecognizedthatrecognitionrecognizehimasisrecognizedasoneoftheOntheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.while-reading另一方面，在我們必須要做出的重大決定上，朋友往往能給出更好的建議。ononehand，ontheother(hand)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是decisionpara4suggestionsonAlso,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.while-reading此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的問題時，我們首先得把自己的想法付諸語言。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句para4Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.while-reading單是這點，就能讓我們更好地厘清思路，并對自身的問題有更透徹的認(rèn)識。and連接并列動詞helps和bringspara4while-readingpara4thorough→thoroughly(adv.)adj.徹底的，全面的，深刻的.thoughtthoroughtaughtthroughthink的過去式；名詞想法徹底的，全面的teach的過去式介詞，通過while-readingdetails________theheartWearefreeto______ourjoyandsadness_____truefriends,______makeshappiness________agreatermeaningand_________becomeshalved.________thehead

Ourfriendsoftenofferus_________onourimportantdecisions.Talkingwithwisefriendsmakesourthoughts________andourunderstandingsmore_______._______usachievethegoals

Manythingsinlifecanonly_______________withthehelpoffriends,becausetheyhavedifferent_______and_______.Friendscanhelpusduringlifeandevenafter

.Comfort

share

with

which

takeontroubleAdvise

advice

clearerthoroughHelp

achieved

ideas

skills

death

beThethirdfruitoffriendshipisthehelpthatafriendmayofferinmanydifferentways.Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.while-reading

para5topicsentencecommon/samedifferentwhile-readingpara5death→die-died-died/dying(v.及其各時態(tài))

→dead(adj.)→deadly(v.致死的)n.死，死亡phrases:deathrate 死亡率deathtoll 死亡總數(shù)bleedtodeath 流血而死Thethirdfruitoffriendshipisthehelpthatafriendmayofferinmanydifferentways.Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.while-reading由于我們生活在社會群體中，我們可以享受到友誼的許多好處。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞thehelpbeknownaspara5Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.while-reading生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的幫助下才能成功。朋友也許擁有諸多不同的想法和技能。他們能幫助我們在生前，甚至是在我們故去之后，獲得我們想要之物。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是manythingswhat引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，主句缺賓語，從句缺賓語para5while-reading

para6Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Friendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationshipscarefullydeveloped.Inthisway,wecanbetterwalkthe“pathoflife”withthecomfort,adviceandhelpfromourtrustedfriends.(Adaptedfrom“OfFriendship”,anessaywrittenbyFrancisBacon,agreatEnglishwriter,scientistandphilosopher)

conclusionecho（呼應(yīng)）Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Friendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationships(shouldbe)carefullydeveloped.while-reading最后，需要指出的是，與眾人為伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要謹(jǐn)慎選擇，友情需用心經(jīng)營。that引導(dǎo)的主從句，it做形式主語para6兩句結(jié)構(gòu)一致，第二句省略了shouldbewhile-readingpara6company→companion(n.伴侶)n.陪伴(=accompany)，公司phrases:keepsb.company 作伴accompanysb.tosp. 陪某人去某地accompanysb.at/on 為某人伴奏beaccompaniedwith/by 伴隨著