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第第#頁 CONTINUE|22|ResearchersatRomaTreUniversity■ObtainedsamplesofP.fcvierifromtheAtlasMountainsinMorocco.TheyhypothesizedthatP.favierimimicP.pallidulastridulations|tobeinfiltratingthecolony.TheentomologistsrecordedP.favierisoundsandcomparedthemwiththesoundsproducedbyworkerandqueenants,observingthatP.favieriemittwodistincttypesofstridulations:apulse(ashortburstofsound)similartothestridulationsofqueensandapulsetrain(aseriesofpulses)similartothestridulationsofworkers.ThescientistsJruminatedthatP.favieriusethesesoundstoavoid?|22|ResearchersatRomaTreUniversity■ObtainedsamplesofP.fcvierifromtheAtlasMountainsinMorocco.TheyhypothesizedthatP.favierimimicP.pallidulastridulations|tobeinfiltratingthecolony.TheentomologistsrecordedP.favierisoundsandcomparedthemwiththesoundsproducedbyworkerandqueenants,observingthatP.favieriemittwodistincttypesofstridulations:apulse(ashortburstofsound)similartothestridulationsofqueensandapulsetrain(aseriesofpulses)similartothestridulationsofworkers.ThescientistsJruminatedthatP.favieriusethesesoundstoavoid?beingdetectedaspredatorsandtoassumearolefamiliartoP.pallidulawithintheirnest.Whichchoicebestintroducesthetopicoftheparagraph?NOCHANGEobservedhowwellguardedantnestsare,withsoldierantsthatdetectandattackorganismsthatattempttoinvade.suspectedthatP.favierihaveseveraldifferentmeansofinfiltratingantnests.noticedthatbothspeciesproducestridulationsbyrubbingtogetherstructuresontheirexoskeletons.NOCHANGEfortoinfiltratewhileinfiltratingtoinfiltrateamongNOCHANGEcontemplatedspeculatedcogitatedNOCHANGEdetectionontheants’partoftheirpredatorstatusbeingdetectedintheroleofpredatorsP.palliduladetectingthattheyarepredators

2|Totestthishypothesis,theresearchersmonitored■]thetypesofsoundsemittedbyP.fovieriwhenrecordingsofworkerstridulations,queenstridulations,twoP.favieristridulations,orwhitenoise一asacontrolsound一wereplayedoveraspeaker.Theyobservedthati^tonlythestridulationsofworkerants2|Totestthishypothesis,theresearchersmonitored■]thetypesofsoundsemittedbyP.fovieriwhenrecordingsofworkerstridulations,queenstridulations,twoP.favieristridulations,orwhitenoise一asacontrolsound一wereplayedoveraspeaker.Theyobservedthati^tonlythestridulationsofworkerantsandqueenantselicitedaconsiderablygreaterrateofresponseamongtheworkerantsforthebehaviorofwalkingtowardthespeakerthandidwhitenoise.Whenresearchersobservedthebehaviorofguarding,anon-alertposeadoptedonlybyantsnearthequeen,therateofresponsetoP.favierisinglepulseswasclosertotherateofresponsetothestridulationsofthequeenherselfthanitwastothatforwhitenoise,whichelicitednoresponses.Thus,P.favierinotonlyareabletoacousticallyblendinamongtheantsofthecolonybutalsocanacquiretherankandprotectivetreatmentofaqueen.Whichchoiceaccuratelyreflecttheinformationinthegraph?NOCHANGEhowqueenantsrespondedtocontactwithP.favieritherateatwhichworkerantsperformedspecificbehaviorsthenumberofworkerantsthatproducedsingepulsesWhichchoicesupportsthemainideaoftheparagraphwithaccurateinformationfromthegraph?NOCHANGEsingle-pulsestridulationsfromP.fevieributnopulse-trainstridulationsthestridulationsofP.favieriratherthanthoseofantsallstridulations,includingthoseproducedbyP.favieri,PheidolepallidulaWorkerAnt

ResponsestoPaussusfavicriStridulations,

AntStridulations,andWhiteNoisesCDlnclulOTJa^Q.scusuodsoJJcrcJ02JOMuroolAJNOCHANGEadaptationthatexploitsadaptation,exploitingadaptation,thisexploitsNOCHANGEinsects,bycontrast,haveinsectshavethethereforePheidolepallidulaWorkerAnt

ResponsestoPaussusfavicriStridulations,

AntStridulations,andWhiteNoisesCDlnclulOTJa^Q.scusuodsoJJcrcJ02JOMuroolAJNOCHANGEadaptationthatexploitsadaptation,exploitingadaptation,thisexploitsNOCHANGEinsects,bycontrast,haveinsectshavethethereforeinsectshavealso“Theabilityofantnestbeetlestofullyintegrateintoantsocietyhasfascinatedandmystifiedscientistsfordecades/saysentomologistWendyMoore.InP.favieri,scientistshavediscoveredarefinedacoustical^|adaptation,itexploitsthecomplexarrayofbehaviorsrequiredtomanageantcolonies.Otherkindsof疆insects，however，havebeenobservedinfiltratingantnests,andresearcherssayfurtherexperimentationmayuncoverevidencethatsignalmimicryismorecommonamonginsectsthanpreviouslyappreciated.STOPIfyoufinishbeforetimeiscalled,youmaycheckyourworkonthissectiononly.

Donotturntoanyothersection.第31頁2019年6月北美參考答案ReadingTestAnswer1C12A23B34C45B2B13C24A35D46A3A14C25C36B47A4D15D26B37C48C5C16C27C38D49B6B17B28D39A50B7A18B29A40C51C8C19A30A41NA52D9B20D31D42D10C21B32B43A11D22D33A44CWritingandLanguageTestAnswer1

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