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14·1回mThegraphofthelineartheLeadSamplesonaFarmL:aad7:?:)I1s:31I1:67III7hasay-interceptof12andaslopeof-3/4.isthex-interceptofthegraphoff??·Todeterminewhethertobuyaplotofland,a
ishavingthesoiltestedlead.Thetableabove
showstheamountoflead,partspermillion
(ppm),insixofthesevensamplesofsoilselectedat
random.Iftheaverage(arithmeticmean)amountleadthesamples,inppm,isnomore1200,thewillbuytheplotofland;otherwise,thewillnotit.Whatisthe
greatestpossibleamountoflead,ppm,thatcanbe
intheseventhsampleifthebuystheland?57仰掃碼進(jìn)入「TD真題捕手」獲取答案ESSAY2017-03U.S.timethetest.
It’soneofthebestgettheSthetest,itrightat.Asyoureadthepassagebelow,considerhowDavidKatzuses?evidence,suchasfactsorexamples,tosupportclaims.?reasoningtodevelopideasandtoconnectclaimsandevidence.?stylisticorpersuasiveelements,suchaswordchoiceorappealstoemotion,
toaddpowertotheideasexpressed.AdaptedfromDavidKatz,“OpinionStew.”1Everyonehasopinions.Youprobablyknowwhattheysayaboutthat.Butleavingaside
theolfactoryqualitiesofalltheopinionstowhichweareentitled,weatleasttendto
knowwhenouropinionsarejustopinions.Butnotwithnutrition*,wherenotonly
doeseveryonehaveanopinion,buteveryoneseemstothinktheirsisanexpert
opinion.Andourcultureseemstobeokaywiththat.I’mnot.2Bythesametoken,I’mnotconvincedthatsomeonewhohappenstolivethrougha
badcarcrashtodriveagainisautomaticallyqualifiedtotakeoverNHTSA,orsetup
shopasamotorvehiclesafetyexpert,anddispenseadviceaccordingly.Callmecrazy.3Iamnotatallsurethatsomeonewhoinadvertentlysetsfiretohiskitchen,and
managestoputoutthefirebeforeburningeverythingentirelydown,isashoe-inas
firecommissioner,orqualifiesasafiresafetyexpert.Iamnotsurethatheshould
goontoestablishacottageindustryinfiresafety,sellingexpertadviceinbooks,
blogs,andprograms.4Itrusttheseexamplesallseemprettysilly.Wewouldneverallowforclaimsof
expertise,andcottageindustriesbasedonthem,tobeestablishedonsuchflighty
nonsense.5Unless,ofcourse,theclaimsofexpertiseandcottageindustriespertainedtonutrition
andweightloss—inwhichcase,that’sexactlywhatwewoulddo.It’sexactlywhatwe
aredoing.6Everyonewhohasevergottenfatandthenlostweightisembracedasanexpert,fully
authorizedbyourculturetodispenseadviceandsellbooksadvisingothersonhowto
succeed.Forthemostpart,everyoneofthesemakesacasedifferentfromeveryother
—andyeteveryoneisconvincedtheyhavefoundtheuniversalformula.Andover
andoveragain,thefaithful,orhopeful,lineupandreachfortheircreditcards.7Thisisnotjustnonsense.It’sdangerousnonsense.8Iamnotarguingthatnutritionisspecialandshouldbetreateddifferentlysimply
becauseitisoneofthemostprofoundinfluencesonhumanhealth(itis).Iamnot
arguingthatnutritionshouldbetreatedwithparticularrespectbecauseitmakesthe
listoftopthreecausesofprematuredeathandchronicdisease,andcanexerta
positiveinfluencejustasgreat(itdoes).Iamnotsuggestingthatnutritionshouldbe
shownuniquedeferencebecauseitrepresentstheconstructionmaterialforthe
growingbodiesofchildrenandgrandchildrenwelove.9Quitethecontrary;Iamsayingweneedtostoptreatingnutritiondifferently.We
simplyneedtotreatitaswedoanyothersubjectthatmatters,andawholelotof
harmandconfusionwouldgoaway.Weneedtostoptreatingnutritionwithunique
disdain.10Whatharmensuesfromthatdisdain?Everysillydiettocomedownthepikegets
thesametreatment.Iknowthis,becauseIdomultiplemediainterviewseveryweek
aboutwhateverthefaddietdujourhappenstobe(thelatestthemeisintermittent
fasting,bytheway).Thesedietsarethenfeaturedontelevisionandinprintinaway
thatgivesthemallcomparablecredibility.Andweareallkeptinastateofperpetual
confusionaboutwhat’swhat.11Admittedly,therearedifferencesofopinionamongevenlegitimateexpertsin
nutrition.Tosomeextent,thisistheinevitableparsingofdetailsthatoccursamong
expertsinanyfield;it’sabouttheicing,notthecake.Tosomeextent,thisisa
byproductofourincompleteandevolvingknowledgeofnutritionandhealth.ButI
dobelieveitiscompoundedbyourtendencytotreatanyopiniononnutritionasan
expertopinion.Togetnoticedatallinsuchcontext,someotherwiselegitimate
expertswindupexaggeratingtheirperspectivestothepointofdisfigurement.Isee
thisastheveryunfortunateresultofcollusionamongaculturethatfailstorequire
trueexpertiseasabasisforexpertopinion;anewsmediathatprofitsfromthe
perpetualuncertaintyoftheiraudience,andthustheirreceptivitytothenextfalse
promise;andexpertswillingtodowhateverittakestobeheardabovethisdin.Alas.12Wehavecreatedaseethingstewofopinionabouteverythingtodowithnutrition,
including,presumably,stew.Thatleavesuswithfartoomanycooks,manylacking
credentialstobeinthekitcheninthefirstplace.Itrusteveryoneknowswhatthat
means.WriteanessayinwhichyouexplainhowDavidKatzbuildsanargumentto
persuadehisaudiencethatnutritionaladviceshouldcomefromlegitimate
experts.Inyouressay,analyzehowKatzusesoneormoreofthefeature
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