考研《英語一》2023年河北省石家莊市欒城縣臨考沖刺試卷含解析

考研《英語一》2023年河北省石家莊市欒城縣臨考沖刺試卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Ourapartmenthasbeenhitbya"hurricane".Everybitoffurnitureis1withpaperchains,scissors,tapeand

modelingclay.2,I'msoexhaustedtonight,recoveringfromasurgery.

Thephonerings—forthesixthtimeinlessthananhour.Weknowitismymother,again.Astrokeclaimedherbrain,but

notherlife.Sheistroubledbyaseveremental3—Shehasnoideathatshehas4thethingssheisabouttosay

amilliontimes.NorcansherecallIhada5.

Eachtimeshecalls,Iplayagamewith6called"HowGoodaPersonCanIBe?"I'vewonfiveroundsofthe

gametonight;Iamduefora7thistime.

"Mom!"I8."Youarenotbeingremovedfromyourhome!Andwevisitedtwodaysago!"Silence.Then:

"Iwasonlycallingtosayhi."Mymothercontinues,"Whyareyouyelling?"

Isinkintothecouch,awarethatmydaughteris9.Shehearsmescoldmymotherandlosemy.10.Ihave

notonlyfailedatbeingagoodperson;Ihavefailedatbeingagood.11tomydaughter.

"CanItalktoGrandmaEllie?"Myfive-year-old12thephone.13,Ihanditover.

Then,Ihearmymother14throughthereceiver."Sweetheart!Howareyou?Didyougotoschooltoday?"

Whatmagicisthis?Allshesaysis"Hi,Grandma,"Outofthephonecomesawaterfallofgood15.Mymother

tellsherhowmuchshelovesherandhowlovelyhervoicesounds.

Iamnottiredorangry;Iam16inside,watchingmykindergartner17herfragilegrandmotherwithsuch

skillfulness.I'mfascinatedbytheir18.

Themessinourapartmentstill19aroundme.Ilistentomydaughterwhisperingtohergrandmother,caringfor

herwithextreme20.

1、A.coveredB.decoratedC.mixedD.filled

2、A.What'smoreB.AboveallC.WorsestillD.Needlesstosay

3、A.disorderB.fitnessC.performanceD.function

4、A.createdB.completedC.confirmedD.repeated

5、A.strokeB.surgeryC.headacheD.problem

6、A.mydaughterB.myselfC.mymomD.mygrandma

7、A.successB.winnerC.quarrelD.fall

8、A.whisperB.explainC.yellD.promise

9、A.

10、A.

11、A.

12、A.

13、A.

14、A.

15、A.

16、A.

17、A.

18、A.

19、A.

20、A.

imitating

belief

friend

reachesfor

Excitedly

callout

ideas

shocked

teach

exchange

counts

conditions

B.witnessing

B.face

B.companion

B.picksup

B.Aimlessly

B.breakdown

B.cheers

B.weak

B.bother

B.declaration

B.settles

B.confidence

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

laughing

temper

caregiver

playswith

Wordlessly

giveup

relationship

firm

handle

voices

expands

efforts

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

sleeping

way

example

hangsup

Unwillingly

setout

applause

sofi

acknowledge

behavior

disappears

patience

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ResidentsinthepoorestcountiesintheU.S.facealifeexpectancyuptodecadeshorterthantheircounterpartsinthe

wealthiestareas,accordingtoastudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth.

ResearchersfromEastTennesseeStateUniversitywantedtobetterunderstandhowsocioeconomicstatuswasassociatedwithheathoutcomes.Tofindouttheydividedthecountry's3,141countiesinto50new'states'(with2percentofthecounties

ineach)basedonhouseholdincomeasopposedtogeographicproximity(接近).

Theresearchersbrokedownthedatabycountysincetheyfoundstate-leveldatamayhidesome'impactofsocioeconomicdifferencesonboththebest-offandworst-offcounties.'Theythenexaminedhealthdatafromthewealthiestandpoorest'states'

(topandbottom2percent)toseehowresidentsdifferedonfactorslikesmoking,clinicalcareandexcessivedrinking.

Researchersfoundthattherewasnearlya10-yeargapinthelifeexpectancyofmenwithanaverageof79.3yearsinthe

wealthycountiescomparedto69.8yearsinthepoorest.Forwomen,thedifferencewasslightlyless-83yearsinthewealthiest

countiesand76yearsinthepoorest.

Thestudyauthorscautionthatwhiletheyfoundaconnectionbetweensocioeconomicstatusandhealthoutcomes,theydid

notanalyzecauseandeffect.Buttheysuggestthatthedatashowshowpolicymakersshouldnotjustfocusonstate-wide

initiatives(主動性)butmoretargetedeffortstohelpthosemostatrisk."Withlimitedresources,methodsofpinpointingthe

poorestcountiescanassistintheallocationofresourcesandprogramstothosecommunitiesthatareinthegreatestneed,"the

studyauthorswrote.

1、HowdidResearchersdividethecounties?

A.Bysocialstatus.B.Byincome.

C.ByhealthD.Bylivingplaces.

2、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Thewomendifferenceislessthanthemaninlifeexpectancy.

B.Thewealthiest'state'likehidingtheirwealth.

C.Mosthealthdataisunbelievable.

D.Mostpoorest'state'smokeanddrinkalot.

3、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theresearchersthinktheirstudyisperfect.

B.Peoplestilldon'tknowthecauseoflifeexpectancy.

C.Thegovernmentshouldlearnsomethingfromthestudy.

D.TheAmericanresourcesallocationisnotfairatall.

4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Waystohavealonglifeexpectancy

B.GreatincomedifferencesintheUSA

C.ThehealthproblemintheUSA

D.Meninrichest10yearslongerinpoorest

Text2

StephenHawking'sfinalfearwasthatDNAmanipulationwouldleadtoamasterraceofsuperhumans.Thephysicist,

whodiedaged76inMarch,2018,thoughtthedevelopmentcoulddestroytherestofhumanbeings.Hislastpredictionis

revealedinanewbookofhiscollectedarticlesandessayscalledBriefAnswerstoBigQuestions.

Hawkingfearedrichpeoplewouldsoonbeabletoedittheirchildren'sDNAtoimproveattributeslikememoryanddisease

immunity.Andhesaidthatwouldposeacrisisfortherestoftheworldevenifpoliticianstriedtoillegalizethepractice.Inan

extract(摘錄)publishedbyTheSundayTimes,hewrote:"Iamsurethatduringthiscenturypeoplewilldiscoverhowtomodifybothintelligenceandinstinctssuchasaggression."Lawswillprobablybepassedagainstgeneticengineeringwithhumans.Butsomepeoplewon'tbeabletoresistthetemptationtoimprovehumancharacteristics,suchasmemory,resistancetodiseaseand

lengthoflife."Andhesaidthatwouldcausehugeproblemsforhumanswhohavenotundergonethesameprocess,leaving

themunabletocompete.Theprofessorevenwarneditcouldleadtotheextinctionofhumanityasweknowit.Hesaidof

normalhumans:"Presumablytheywilldieout,orbecomeunimportant.Instead,therewillbearaceofself-designingbeings

whoareimprovingatanever-increasingrate."TheBriefHistoryofTimeauthoralsoreferstotechniqueslikeCrispr,which

enablesscientiststomodifyharmfulgenesandaddinothers.Andalthoughsuchprocedurescouldbeaboostformedical

science,somecriticsareworriedthattheycouldcauseaeugenics-style(優(yōu)生方式)movement,wheretheweakareweededout

ofsociety.

Thenewbook,publishedbyHodder&StoughtononTuesday,alsocollectshiswritingsonwhathethoughtwerethebig

questionsfacingscienceandwidersociety.Init,heexamineswhetheraliensexist,colonizespaceandwhetherhumanswill

evergobeyondourSolarSystem.

1、StephenHawking'sviewsdon'tinclude

A.DNAmanipulationcouldleadtotheextinctionofhumanbeings.

B.Thereexisttechniquestomodifyharmfulgenesandaddingoodgenes.

C.Peoplecannotresistthetemptationtoimprovehumancharacteristics.

D.Humanswhohaven'tundergonegeneticengineeringmaydieout.

2、WhichoneisthehookpublishedbyHodder&Stoughton?

A.BriefAnswerstoQuestions.

B.TheSundayTimes.

C.TheBriefHistoryofTime.

D.SolarSystem

3、What'sStephenHawking'sattitudetowardshumangeneticengineering?

A.Supportive.B.Impartial.C.Favorable.D.Concerned.

4、Whatdoesthetextmainlywanttotellus?

A.Crisprcanenablescientiststogetharmfulgeneschanged.

B.DNAmanipulationwillcreateamasterraceofsuperhumans.

C.HumanswillcolonizespaceandgobeyondourSolarSystem.

D.DNAmanipulationmayleadtotheextinctionofhumanbeings.

Text3

Anewdevicethesizeofacoffeecupcanmakedrinkablewaterfromdryairusingnothingbutsunlight.Withthisdevice,

"youcanharvestaglassofwaterinanhour,"saysOmarYaghi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley."That's

abouthowmuchwaterapersonneedsadaytosurviveinthedesert."

Althoughthecurrentdeviceisjustaprototype(原型),thetechnologycouldbeadoptedtosupplyfreshwatertothemost

remoteregionsoftheglobe,suchastheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.

Similardevicesinpreviousattemptsworkedonlybelow50percentrelativehumidity(濕度).Theycanextractwaterfrom

theairevenatlowrelativehumidity.However,theyeithercollectwatertooslowlyorrequirelotsofenergy.

However,thenewdevice,usinganewspecialmaterial,pullswaterfromairwithaslowas20percentrelativehumidity

andsuccessfullyavoidsbothproblems.DevelopedbyMITengineersfromanexistingmaterial,thespecialmaterial,called

MOF-801,createsanetworkofverysmallpores(氣孔)thatcantrapwatervapor.Atroomtemperature,watervaporcollectsin

thepores.Astemperaturesrise,thewaterescapesintotheboxdesignedforwatercollection.

Whenthedeviceisleftintheshade,thelayerofMOF-801collectswatervaporfromtheair.Whenmovedintodirect

sunlight,thelayerheatsupandthewatervaporescapesintoabox,whichcoolsthevapor,makingitintodrinkablewater.This

entireprocesstakesaroundtwohours.

Laboratorytestsofthedeviceharvested2.8litersofwaterperday.Therefore,thedevicecouldbeusedusapersonalwater

sourceindryregions,Yaghisays,orthetechonologycouldbeusedtoproduceenoughwaterforawholecommunity.

1、ThenewdeviceisinventedtoaccordingtoYaghi.

A.providesolarenegyB.makethedeserthospitable

C.makewaterfromairD.measurehumidity

2、Whathelpsthedeviceavoidtheproblemsofpreviousattempts?

A.AnewmaterialcalledMOF-801.

B.Largeporeswhichcantrapwater.

C.Theboxcoolingwatervapor.

D.Thelayerpoweredbythesun.

3、Whichistherightorderofhowthedeviceworks?

a.Collectvaporfromtheair.

b.Thedeviceisleftintheshade.

c.Thedeviceismovedinthesunlight.

d.Coolthevaporintodrinkablewater.

A.a→b→c→dB.b→a→c→d

C.c→a→b→dD.a→c→b→d

Text4

Weavinghammocksisanartthattakesasharpeye,askilledhandandlotsofpatience.ButinLenwoodHaddock'scase,beingblindworkstohisadvantage.Histrained,sensitivehandsareacutelyawareofeverystepoftheprocess.Sincebeginning

hiscraftin1986,Lenwoodhaswovenabout145,000perfecthammocks.

Lenwoodlosthissightin1973,atage18,duringahuntingaccident."Mywholeworkingcareerhasbeenblind,"hesays.Hefirstfoundajobasawoodworker,butwhenthatorganizationclosed,theNorthCarolinaDivisionofServicesfortheBlindconnectedhimwithHatterasHammocks.Onhisfirstdayofwork."Ididatotalofonehammock,"Lenwoodrecalls,laughing."AndthenIcamehomeandlaydowntosleep.Iliftweights,butIwasn'tastoughasIthoughtuntilIstartedweaving.Ittakesa

lotofenergy,andyou'restandingupallday."

Intime,however,Lenwoodfoundhehadaknack(竅門)forthejob.Atfirstheworkedon-siteatthecompany,butaftera

yearLenwoodmovedhisoperationtothehomeworkshopwherehehadworkedfor10yearsduringhiswoodworkingdays.

There,hecreatesdozensofhammockseachweekfromropesinavarietyofsizes.Oneday,herealizedthestepcounteron

hisphonerecordedhimwalkingeightmileswithouteverleavinghisshop.

Theprocessofweavingahammockinvolvesmakingandcatchinghundredsofloops(環(huán)).Asinglemissedstitch(織針)createsaholethatcanwidenandmakethehammockuncomfortableorevendangeroustouse.Experiencedweaversmissloops

sometimes,buttohiscompany'sknowledge,Lenwoodhasneverturnedinahammockwithevenonedroppedstitch.

Lenwood'sskilledfingersarequicktocatchandfixanymistakes.

ThecompanyhasacquiredotherbrandsandchangeditsnametoTheHammockSource.Today,itistheworld'slargest

makerandsellerofhammocks,allbuiltbyhand.

However,Lenwood'sroutinehaschangedlittle.Heworkshisfingersbackandforthacrosstherows,loopingtheropeand

pullingit.Witheveryhammock,Lenwoodpresentshimselfaperfectproduct."I'mnotsurehowsightedpeopledoit,"he

admits.

1、Lenwoodstoppeddoinghisfirstjobbecause

A.itwasforpeoplewithgoodeyesightonly

B.thecompanyfailedtogoonwithitsbusiness

C.thecompanydidn'tproducehammocks

D.hewasnotskilledatdoingwoodwork

2、ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatLenwood

A.hasbeenblindallthroughhislife

B.usedtoworkasahuntertosupporthisfamily

C.wasborninthe1950swithgoodeyesight

D.hasworkedasahammockweaverfor10years

3、WhatcanwelearnaboutLenwoodfromthe4thparagraph?

A.Hemovedveryoftenwhilehewasworkingonahammock.

B.Hehadtomakedifferentropesbeforehewoveahammock.

C.Hehadtostay8milesawayfromtheworksitetocompleteit.

D.Heneededropesofabout8mileslongtocompleteahammock.

4、Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.thesuccessoftheHammockSourceCompany

B.ablindcraftsmanwhomakesperfecthammocks

C.howtoweaveperfecthammocksbyhand

D.howtobecomeasuccessfulcraftsman

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AnAmericanboywent(miss)threedaysago,2.hasreceivedpeople'greatinterestSeveralpeoplegavedifferent

descriptionsofhis3.(disappear)

Hissister,4.(age)nine,sayssheheardherbrother5.(return)homeatabout1lpmWhenshewenttobed,shewas

frightenedatlotsofstrangecreatures6.(stand)insideaspaceshipoutsideSheissurethealienstookherbrother

Hisparentsbecameworriedandcalledthepolicewhentheirsondidn'tshow7.forlunchthenextday

SomepeoplealsosaythatalienstookoneofthemaboardtheUFOsothattheycoulddoresearchonher8.(luck),she

returnedsafely

When9.(ask)aboutthepossibilitythattheboywastakenbyaliens,thepolicesay10.theyhaven'tdismissedtheidea,

theywillnotgiveupuntiltheyfindoutwhathappened

Inmanycountries,1.isnotunusualforfamiliesofdifferentbackgroundstolivetogetherinthesharedspace2.,inthe

UnitedStates,thisideamaystillbeconsideredstrange

Butthistypeofhousing,3.(call)co-housing,isgettingits4.(popular)intheUnitedStates,tooCo-housingcomplexes

(綜合設施)appearacrossthecountryFormanypeople,thiswayoflifeisagood5.(choose)inthebusymodernsocietyA

co-housingcommunityhas6.(private)ownedhousesandsharedlandThereisoftena"commonhouse"withakitchenanddiningroom,meetingroom,andmaybeaworkshopoflibraryormusicroomAbout25co-housingcommunities7.(build)in

recentyears,and150moreareplanned

Aco-housingcomplexisaplace8.citizensshop,cook,andeattogetherCitizensofaco-housingcomplexlikeitssense

ofsharedcommunityChildrenhaveotherkidstoplay9.,whichmanyfamilieslikeOthercitizenslikethefeelingoflivingina

"village"Citizensalsosaythattheycanliveinco-housingfor10(little)moneythantheywouldpayfornearbyapartments

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Notallstudentsknowhowtoprepareforexams.1、Withteachers'help,studentscanprepareforexamsmuch

better,thusdoingbetterinexams.Herearesomewaysthatteacherscanusetohelpstudentsprepareforexams.

2、Withlower-gradestudents,createalistoftopicsthattheyneedtostudy.Higher-gradestudentscanstillbenefitfroma

list,evenifit'salistofallthetopicsthey'vestudiedthatyear.That'sbecausealistgivesthemsomethingtocheckoff.

Throughoutyourreviewtime,encouragestudentstomarktheirtopiclist,crossingoffthingsthattheyalreadyknowand

highlightingorputtingastarbesidethingstheyneedtostudy.

3、Don'tjuststandinfrontoftheclassandtrytorevieweverything.Instead,studentsshouldbetheoneslookingupthings

intheirnotesandtryingtorememberhowtosolveproblems.Themoreactivelyinvolvedthestudentsare,themorefocused

theywillbe,andthemoretheywillremember.

involvemoredeeplyinthematerial.4、Afterthat,havethemexchangewithanotherstudentandtakeeachother'squiz.

Finallytheyaretogradethequiztheywroteanddiscussanywronganswerswiththestudentwhotooktheirquiz.

Havestudentswritequizzesforeachother.Whenstudentswritetheirownquizquestions,theyGivestudentsapracticeexam.5、Usuallyonthelastreviewday,Iwillgiveapracticeexam—ashort,ungradedtestthathassimilarquestionsas

whatwillbetestedintheexam.Wethengooveritduringthesecondhalfoftheclass.It'sreallyhelpful.

A.Havethestudentswork,notyourself.

B.Remembertotrytorevieweverything.

C.Sohavethemwritea5-10-questionquiz.

D.Givestudentssimilarquestionsbeforetheexam.

E.Itmeansteachersshouldhelpstudentsprepareforexams.

F.Givestudentsalistoftopicsthatcouldbetestedintheexam.

G.Thisisagreatwaytohelpstudentsknowhowpreparedtheyare.

With17millionresidentsand23millionbicycles,theNetherlandsalreadyhasmorebikesthanpeople.1、

TheDutchgovernmentrecentlyannouncedthatitwillinvest$390millionincyclinginfrastructuretoget200,000more

peoplecommuting(通勤)bybikeinthreeyears'time.Fifteenrouteswillbedevelopedinto"cyclistfreeways",25,000bike

parkingspaceswillbecreatedandmorethan60bikestoragefacilitieswillbeupgraded.

"2、,"saysStientjevanVeldhoven,statesecretaryforthatdepartment,whoisspearheadingtheproject.

It'snotthatpeoplearen'talreadycycling