高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題+推斷題+【知識精研+拓展延伸】

贊同1.positiveadj.肯定的，積極的2.favorable

adj.贊成的，有利的3.approvaln.贊成，承認(rèn)4.supportiveadj支持的5.

enthusiastic

adj.熱心的；狂熱的6.

defensiveadj.防衛(wèi)的7.practicaladj.實際的8.logicaladj.合邏輯的9.

reasonableadj.合理的10.rational

adj.理性的否定1.negative

否定的，消極的2.disapproval不贊成3.criticaladj.批評的4.worriedadj.焦慮的5.impracticaladj.不實際的6.illogicaladj.不合邏輯的7.irrelevant

adj.不相關(guān)的8.radicaladj.激進(jìn)的/?r?d?kl/9.biased

adj.有偏見的/?ba??st/10.prejudiced

adj.有成見的/?pred??d?st/11.conservative

adj.保守的懷疑1.suspiciousadj.懷疑的2.doubtful

adj.懷疑的3.puzzled

adj.困惑的4.confused

adj.困惑的客觀(即好的壞的都說，選的可能性極大)1.objectiveadj.客觀的2.netural

adj.中立的3.impartial

adj.公平的/?m?pɑ??l/4.impersonal

adj.客觀的5.unbiased/?n?ba??st/

adj.沒有偏見的主觀1.subjectiveadj.主觀的2.tolerantadj.寬容的3.sensitiveadj.敏感的,易受傷害的4.scared

adj.恐懼的5.reserved

adj.保留的，包租的6.moderateadj.中等的，適度的/?m?d?r?t/7.amazedadj吃驚的，驚奇的8.concernedadj.關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的9.amused

adj.可笑的10.curiousadj.好奇的11.unforgivingadj.不可饒恕的12.pitiful

adj.可憐的，令人同情的.13.stressfuladj.有壓力的14.merciful

adj.仁慈的15.innocent

adj.無辜的，無罪的16.sociableadj.好交際的，友善的消極1.passive

adj.被動的，消極的2.negativeadj.消極的3.pessimistic

adj.悲觀的/?pes??m?st?k/4.depressedadj.消沉的，抑郁的5.frustratedadj.失意的，挫敗的6.disappointedadj.失望的7.gloomy

adj.陰沉的，陰郁的8.indifferentadj.漠不關(guān)心的9unconcerned

adj.不關(guān)心的10.blueadj.憂郁的積極1.activeadj.主動的，積極的2.positiveadj.積極的，肯定的，3.optimisticadj.樂觀的4.confidentadj.自信的，確信的5.interested

adj.感興趣的，6.impressive

adj印象深刻的7.respective

adj.尊敬的8.persuasive/convincing有說服力的9.convincedadj.信服的高考中出現(xiàn)的文本出處

記敘類autobiography自傳/???t?ba???ɡr?fi/

sciencefiction科幻小說

anovel

adiary

children’sliterature

說明類asciencereport

aresearchplanasciencemagazine

ahealthmagazinearesearchpaperabusinessreport

abookreview書評anofficialreportabiologytextbook生物課本應(yīng)用類aguidebook指南/手冊anadvertisement

anannouncement anexhibitionguide

atravelbrochure小冊/?br????(r)/

2018.112019.62020.12020.72021.1總計細(xì)節(jié)理解3333315推理判斷事實推斷3333324寫作意圖211行文態(tài)度語篇來源11寫作手法1人物性格1主旨大義文章主旨7段落主旨11最佳標(biāo)題11111詞義猜測詞、詞塊115代詞指代11劃線句1高考英語提分閱讀理解

？題

高考英語提分

閱讀理解推斷題

推理判斷題細(xì)節(jié)推斷，限定段落推斷作者觀點、態(tài)度推斷寫作目的、意圖推斷文章出處、來源推斷寫作手法推斷預(yù)測、想象推斷一.(一)細(xì)節(jié)推斷：正確選項特點:1.間接性，即不是文中直接或明確說明的內(nèi)容；2.客觀性，不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點，“有理有據(jù)”3.兩符合，即符合文章主旨、符合邏輯。干擾項特點：1.偷換概念:利用了原文的一部分結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，但在一些位置

換掉個別詞，造成了語義的變化。2.擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍:對于原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面程度進(jìn)

行了擴(kuò)大或縮小處理。3.常識干擾:符合基本常識和我們對社會、生活等方面一些問

題的一般看法和認(rèn)識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。4.顛倒是非:

涉及原文中提及的內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但選項的意思與原

文恰恰相反。5.無中生有:

憑空捏造原文不存在的細(xì)節(jié)，形成迷惑和干擾。6.推理過頭:

引申過度,

使結(jié)論過于絕對化。(2022浙江1月)Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness.1.WhatdoweknowaboutDrH?rder’sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.

B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.

C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.

D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.一.(一)細(xì)節(jié)推斷顛倒是非無中生有重溫易錯(2021麗水二模B篇)

Butmanypeoplethinkthistrenddoesnogood.SarahToule,headofhealthinformationatWorldCancerResearchFund,toldtheBBC:“It’sfrighteningthatpeople,especiallyyoungergenerations,areeatingsomuchfastfoodloadedwithfat,sugarandsalt,butofferslittlenutritionalvalue.”Sheadded,“Especiallyhighincalories,fastfoodleadstounhealthyweightgain—whichinturnincreasestheriskof11cancerslaterinlife.”Sowhatistherightthingtodo?Toulesuggestedthatyoungpeopleshouldpreparemealsinadvanceandlearntoincludethedifferentfoodgroupsintheirdiets.2.AccordingtoSarahToule,fastfood

.A.can’tprovideenoughnutritionforeaters B.willleadto11cancersC.canhelploseweight D.iseasytoprepareaheadoftime偷換概念顛倒事實無中生有重溫易錯?Practice

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.3.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.?Practice

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5’×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate. B.It’sexpensive.C.It’scomplex. D.It’sportable.

Bytheendofhislifetime,FrosthadbecomeafamousandbelovedAmericanpoet.Hispoemsdescribetheeverydaydetailsofrurallifeandrevealhiscomplexity,independentspirit,andoftenhumorousviewoftheworld.Frost’sbiographer(傳記作者)wroteofhim:“Hewasalonerwholikedcompany;apoetofisolation(孤獨)whosoughtamassaudience;anoutsiderwhosoughttofitin...Whilepreferringtostayathome,hetraveledmorethananypoetofhisgenerationtogivelecturesandreadings,eventhoughheremainedfrightenedofpublicspeakingtotheend.”5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

.A.poetsofFrost’stimedidn’tlikegivinglecturesB.Frost’spoetryisverycomplexbutentertainingC.thereisapparentcontradictioninFrost’scharacterD.Frost’sbiographerwasn’thonestabouthisexperience(二)限定段落推斷二.作者觀點、態(tài)度推斷設(shè)題方式：1.Whatstheauthor’sattitudetowards...?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...”?4.Fromthe..paragraph,whatdoyouthinkthe

authorwantstotellus?5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthor

agreewith?三類觀點態(tài)度:

支持、贊同、樂觀;

反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀;

中立、客觀。(2021麗水二模)Thethingis,thetoiletpaper-obsessedshoppershavebeeninfectedwithsomethingmanytimesmorecontagious(感染性的)thananycoronavirus:fear.“Peoplearesocialcreatures.Welooktoeachotherforcuesforwhatissafeandwhatisdangerous,”StevenTaylor,aclinicalpsychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,tellsFoxNews.“Andwhenyouseesomeoneinthestorepanic-buying,thatcancauseafearcontagioneffect.Peoplebecomeanxiousaheadoftheactualinfection.Theyhaven’tthoughtaboutthebiggerpicture,likewhataretheconsequencesofhoardingtoiletpaper.”6.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthehoardingtoiletpaper?A.Uninterested. B.Negative. C.Supportive. D.Curious.重溫易錯5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.(2021新高考B)“AlotofskillsareneededforthejobBeingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpracticeButlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong重溫易錯三.文章寫作目的、意圖推斷：作者寫文章的目的:toentertainreaders(常見于故事類的文章）;topersuadereaders

（常見于廣告或議論文）;toinformreaders（常見于文化類、社會類、科普類、新聞報道類)。解題方法：語篇特點

1.記敘文:

一般會在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)隱含作者寫作意圖的總結(jié)性語言；2.說明文:一般會在文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)所要說明的事物或者道理；3.議論文:

作者的寫作意圖往往在結(jié)論之中；4.廣告類應(yīng)用文:全文會對所介紹的商品、服務(wù)內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行詳盡的敘述。

Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.8.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.重溫易錯四.段落寫作目的推斷

：解題策略：1.開頭提出問題——讓讀者思考,引起讀者關(guān)注2.開頭舉例、用諺語、名言——引出主題或話題3.列舉事例——說明文章或段落的主題4.運(yùn)用比擬比喻——讓讀者容易理解抽象或陌生的事物5.文中引語、事例、研究的數(shù)據(jù)和研究——說明或論證某個觀點9.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?（2019.6B)A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."五.文章出處、來源推斷根據(jù)語篇特征+語篇內(nèi)容推斷文章出處：1.文章前面有日期、地點或通訊社名稱>newspaper2.推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品-→advertisement3.文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語-→website:4.旅游勝地方面的介紹→travelguide5.時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹→magazine/entertainmentsection6.科普知識-→sciencereport7.文化教育性的文章→educationsection高考中出現(xiàn)的文本出處

記敘類autobiography自傳

sciencefiction科幻小說

anovel

adiary

children’sliterature

說明類asciencereport

aresearchplanasciencemagazine

ahealthmagazinearesearchpaperabusinessreport

abookreview書評anofficialreportabiologytextbook生物課本應(yīng)用類aguidebook指南/手冊anadvertisement

anannouncement anexhibitionguide

atravelbrochure小冊(2022浙江1月)

“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers:Steam,Electricity,andtheMenWhoInventedModern

America.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrative(敘述)solivelythatattimesitreadslikea

novel....Toframehistory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman’slifetime.It’satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.10.Whatis

thetext?

A.Abiography.B.Abookreview.

C.Ashortstory.D.Asciencereport.重溫易錯六.寫作手法推斷1.Theauthordevelopsthethirdparagraphmainlyby_______.2.Thethirdparagraphisdevelopedmainlyby________.3.Howisthepassage/textmainlydeveloped?常見寫作手法：★分類法（byclassification）★比較法（bycomparison,）★舉例法（byexample,byprovidingexamples）★因果法（bycauseandeffect）★定義法（bydefinition）★時序法（byfollowingtheorderoftime）★分析原因法（byanalyzingcause）★引入數(shù)據(jù)或研究（byusingdataormentioningsomestudies）★描述法（bydescription）(七彩陽光A篇)...Ihadbeentryingwithnosuccesstohaveasecondchild.WehadmadeanabruptmovefromNewYorkCitytoruralConnecticutinthewakeofSeptember11.Mymotherhadrecentlydied.Iwasstillshrinkingfromadifficultandfrighteningyear.Ifoundmyselfquestioningeverythingentirely:“Doesanyofthismakesense?”“Everythingaboutyoumakessense,”saidmytherapist....Myhusband,ascreenwriter,isoftenaskedtoadaptbiographiesforfilm,andthestruggle,heoftensayisthatliveshavefirstacts,buttheydon'thavethirdacts(untilthey'reover)andsecondactsarejustonethingafteranother.Sohowtounderstandthenarrativesofourlives?Howtotrustthataboutusmakessense?LatelyI’vebeenwonderingifperhapstheanswertothisisnottoevenattempttohingsout.Sure,life'sisnothinginnotunexpected

surprise,bothhappyandnotso-happyones.11.Howdoestheauthormakeherpointconvincing?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingacomparison. C.Byusingdata. D.Bypresentingfindings.重溫易錯(溫二模

)ButwhenStettlerandhisteamanalyzedflightdatatheyobtainedofJapanairspace,theyfoundthatmostcontrailwarmingwascausedbyjust2percentofflights.Andmostofthoseflightsoriginatedinthelateafternoonbecauseasthesungoesdown,coolingcannolongeroffset(抵消)thewarming.Andthewarmingeffectcontinuestoexistthroughouttheeveningintothenight.Butwhatifthecontrailsthatcontributethemosttowarmingcouldbegotridof?12.Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutnext?A.AfutureplanforJapanairspace.

B.Thenegativeinfluenceofcontrails.C.Otherpotentialcausesofcontrails.

D.Apossiblewaytoremovecontrails.重溫易錯七.預(yù)測、想象推斷解題技巧:語篇結(jié)構(gòu)+句段邏輯關(guān)系Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).28Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.鞏固練習(xí)一.(一)細(xì)節(jié)推斷TheteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofLincoln,UK,isdesigningandbuildinganapptohelpfarmersinhotclimatesidentifyandrecordthespreadoflocustsontheirland.Byrecognizinglocuststhroughthesmartphone’scamera,theappwillbeabletoidentifythestageoftheinsect’sgrowthandrecorditslocation.Thisinformationcanthenbeutilizedsothatthefarmerscanusepesticidesmoreaccuratelyintheearlystagesoftheirlifetime,greatlyreducingtheamountofcropdamage.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheappmentionedinthepassage?A.Ithashelpedfarmersrecordthespreadoflocusts.B.Itwillbeofgreatuseforfarmersinhotclimates.C.Itmaycostthefarmersmorethantheyexpect.D.Itwillremindfarmersofwhatthelocustslooklike.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(親密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D.PeopleinDarwin’stimewereimaginative.(二).限定段落推斷（2018北京D)Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist's

dream，yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparently

now.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilfor

companiestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthe

wayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars...

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlled

transportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancement

presentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedto

movemorepeople,andmoreaffordably:The

carofthefutureiscoming.Wejust

havetoplanforit.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Sympathetic.二.觀點態(tài)度:(2020新高考C)ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬禮）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.16.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell’sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic.

B.Eventful.

C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.(2020.1A)Ineverknewanyonewho’dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.Calloway,ourlibrarian.SheranJackson’sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling;Iwoulddoanythingtoread.MymotherwasnotafraidofMrs.Calloway.Shewishedmetohavemyownlibraryc