中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：語法現(xiàn)在完成時 講義

現(xiàn)在完成時中考重點：時間標(biāo)志詞、瞬間性動詞&延續(xù)性動詞、havebeento&havegoneto&havebeenin。一．結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+done助動詞過去分詞Ihavelostmypen.Hehasjusthadlunch.否定句：在have/has后添加not，注意：havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t疑問句：助動詞have/has提前。二．用法：1.過去發(fā)生的動作或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，落腳點是現(xiàn)在。Ihavelostmypen.(未找到/傷心)Hehasjusthadlunch.(飽了)2.過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。Wehavelivedheresince10yearsago.PastNowFuture3.多次發(fā)生的動作。ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.三．標(biāo)志詞（1）already&yetalready已經(jīng)，肯定句中yet還；未，否定句末Hehasalreadybeenaway.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.（2）for&sincea.for+一段時間Theyhavebeenfriendsfor10years.b.Since自從；+過去時間點Theyhavebeenfriendssince10yearsago.2000theystartedschool.（3）ever&neverever曾經(jīng)；疑問句和肯定句中never從不HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?Ihavenevertraveledbyplanebefore.(4)just&inthepastfewyears區(qū)分：justnow&inthepast用于一般過去時（5）recently&sofar&before四．瞬間性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞。?？碱}型：翻譯表示短暫性時間的詞，如come,go,die,marry,buy不能與for,since等表示一段時間的詞連用。需要將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞。翻譯（1）他已經(jīng)去世兩年了。Hehasdiedfortwoyears.(×)Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)（2）他借用我的書兩天了。Hehasborrowedmybookfortwodays.（×）Hehaskeptmybookfortwodays.(√)?？嫉乃查g性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞的有：borrow-keepbuy-havecome-beherego-beawaystart/begin-beonopen-beopenclose-beclosedjoin-beinmarry/getmarriedto-bemarriedtodie-bedead注意：大部分轉(zhuǎn)換后的延續(xù)性動詞是be+介詞/形容詞，表示可延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)?？偨Y(jié)：瞬間性動詞+一段時間（×）延續(xù)性動詞+一段時間（√）中考題：B—Howlong______you______Beijing?—Foraboutnineyears.A.have;arrivedinB.have;taughtinC.have;gottoD.did;reach注意：1.判定時態(tài)2.分析長短動詞五．易混詞組：Havebeento&havegoneto&havebeeninHavebeento去過（回來了）IhavebeentoNanjingthreetimes.Havegoneto去了(在路上/已到達(dá)目的地；沒回來)題目：D-Where’syourfather?-He_________toShanghai.A.goesB.wentC.hasgonetoD.hasbeentohavebeenin已在某地待了多長時間=havestayedinTheyhavebeeninChinafortwoyears.六．重點答題技巧：1.圈時間標(biāo)志詞------判斷時態(tài)2.圈主語——判斷助動詞，第三人稱單數(shù)has，其余have3.判斷長短動詞長動詞時間標(biāo)志詞：for,sincehowlong可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，且必須跟長動詞1.—Oh,Mrs.King,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I____itfortwoyears.A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought2.She________herhomeworkyetA.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.hasnotfinishedD.doesn'tfinish3.They__________for2years.A.gotmarriedB.havegotmarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.marry4.-Howlong_______he________Shanghai.-For6yearsA.has;gottoB.has;livedinC.did;live