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綠海龜是世界上最大的硬殼海龜,體重最重可達(dá)204公斤。目前全世界80多個(gè)國(guó)家的海岸線上都有它們的蹤跡?,F(xiàn)在就讓我們一起去探知綠海龜?shù)纳盍?xí)性吧!GreenSeaTurtlesGreenseaturtlesaretheworld’slargestspeciesofhard-shelledseaturtle.Whilemostofthemweighabout136to181kilograms,somecanbeasheavyas204kilograms.Theseturtlesarefoundnestingalongthecoastlineofmorethan80countries,withthelargestnestingpopulationsfoundinCostaRicaandAustralia.Greenseaturtlesspendmostoftheirlivesunderwater,wheretheycanrestforuptofivehoursatatimebeforeingupforair.Greenseaturtlesarealsoknowntosunbathe(曬日光浴)onland.Unlikemostotherseaturtles,adultgreenseaturtleseataprimarilyplant-baseddietconsistingofseaweedandseagrass.Scientistsbelievethesegreenfoodsgivetheseaturtle’sfatitsgreencolor.Theshellofthegreenseaturtleisusuallyashadeofbrownorolive.Similartootherseaturtles,greenseaturtlesmigratelongdistancesbetweentheirfeedinggroundsandtheirnestingsites,withrecordeddistancesoflongerthan2,600kilometers.Femalegreenseaturtlesleavethewaterinordertolayeggsonthebeachandwillchoosethesamenestingspotaswheretheywereborn.Afemalewilldigoutanestandlayabout115eggs.Thenshe’llcovertheeggswithsandandreturntothesea.Afterabouttwomonths,thebabieswillhatch(孵化)fromtheireggs.Thefirstfewyearsofagreenseaturtle’slifearespentfloatingatsea,wheretheyfeedonplankton(浮游生物).Astheygrowolder,theturtlesmovetowatersalongthecoastwheretheyfindseagrasstoeat.Adultgreenseaturtlesfacemanythreats,primarilyfromhumans,includinginjuriesfromboats,beingcaughtinfishingnetsandpollution.Newlyhatchedseaturtlesarealsoatriskofbeinghuntedbyanimalssuchasbirds,crabs,andraccoonsastheymovefromtheirnestsouttothesea.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—prehending重點(diǎn)單詞寫作詞匯1.witnessvt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到;目擊n. 目擊者;證人;證據(jù)2.oppositeprep. 在……對(duì)面adj. 相對(duì)的;相反的3.pausevi.&n. 暫停;中止4.teamworkn. 協(xié)作;配合5.relationshipn. 關(guān)系;血緣關(guān)系;交往6.urgevt. 催促;極力主張;驅(qū)策7.meantimeadv. 其間;同時(shí)拓展詞匯8.annualadj.每年的;按年度計(jì)算的n.年刊;年鑒→annuallyadv.每年;一年一度地9.acmodationn.住所;住宿→acmodatevt.提供住宿10.fleevi.逃避;逃跑vt.逃離→fled(過去式)→fled(過去分詞)11.dragvt.拖;拉;扯→dragged(過去分詞)→dragging(現(xiàn)在分詞)12.depthn.深(度);深處→deepadj.深的→deepenv.加深13.abandonvt.放棄;遺棄;拋棄→abandonedadj.被遺棄的;放縱的14.conservationn.保存;保護(hù)→conservev.保存閱讀詞匯15.anecdoten. 軼事;奇聞16.shoren. 岸;海濱17.yellvi. 大叫;呼喊n. 叫聲;喊聲18.divevi.&n. 跳水(的動(dòng)作);潛水 (的動(dòng)作);俯沖19.harpoonn. (捕鯨用的)魚叉20.sharkn. 鯊魚重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.atthebeginningof 在……開始時(shí)2.hearof/about 聽說3.sortout 整理4.aheadof 在……前面5.raceafter 追趕6.inthemeantime 在此期間;與此同時(shí)7.holdup 舉起8.help(...)out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難重點(diǎn)句型1.Itwasatimewhen...那是一個(gè)……時(shí)期:Itwasatimewhen(那是一個(gè)……時(shí)期)thekillerwhales,or“killers”astheywerethencalled,helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration.2.beabouttodosth.正要做某事:Thiswasthecallthatannouncedtherewasabouttobeawhalehunt(獵鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開始).3.seesb.beingdone看到某人正在被……:IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames,andwhenweapproachedhim,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheldupinthewaterbyOldTom(看到老湯姆正在水中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地托著詹姆斯).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast-readingSkimthetextandanswerthefollowingquestion.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.thekillerwhalesareeasilytrainedB.thekillerwhalescanhelpthewhalerscatchthehugewhalesC.thekillerwhaleskillthewhalesfortheirfoodD.thekillerwhalesdragthewhalesunderthewater答案:Beq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1.WhathappenedtoJamesafterhewaswashedofftheboat?A.Hegothurtbyashark.B.Hewasabandonedbytheotherwhalersandfeltterrified.C.Hedroppedhishopeandwasnearlydying.D.HewasheldupinthewaterbyOldTomandrescued.2.WhydidGeorgebeatthewaterwithhisoar?A.Tofrightenthewhalesaway.B.TocallbackOldTomtoleadtheway.C.Toattracttheattentionofhugewhales.D.Tosendsignalstootherwhales.3.Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.thekillerwhalesmaybetrainedbythewhalersB.thekillerwhaleswanttohelpmancatchthewhalesthemselvesC.thekillerwhalesneednotrainingforhelpingthewhalersD.thekillerwhaleswanttoeatthewhalesafterkillingthem4.Whatdoestheword“it”inthesentence“Heletitgoandtheharpoonhitthespot.”referto?A.Thewhale. B.Theboat.C.Theharpoon. D.Thekiller.答案:1-4.DBACeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1.OntheafternoonIarrivedatthestation,asIwassortingoutmyacmodation,Iheardaloudnoiseingfromthebay.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②Iheardaloudnoiseingfromthebay是主句;Iarrivedatthestation是省略了關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞afternoon;as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 [翻譯]有天下午我來到捕鯨站,正在整理住處的時(shí)候,聽到從海灣那邊傳來一聲巨響。2.IhadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn’tlikebeingkeptwaiting,soeventhoughIdidn’thavetherightclotheson,Iracedafterhim.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)由so連接的并列復(fù)合句。②前一個(gè)分句中,Ihadalreadyheard是主句,that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。③后一個(gè)分句中,Iracedafterhim是主句,eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 [翻譯]我以前就聽說過,喬治不喜歡等人,所以盡管我還沒有穿上合適的衣服,就跟在他后面跑起來。3.IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames,andwhenweapproachedhim,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheldupinthewaterbyOldTom.eq\a\vs4\al()①該句中and連接兩個(gè)并列分句。②第一個(gè)分句為“Ittakes/took+一段時(shí)間+todosth.”句型。③第二個(gè)分句中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句對(duì)應(yīng)的主句中含有“see+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。 [翻譯]我們花了半個(gè)多小時(shí)才把船頭調(diào)向詹姆斯,當(dāng)我們靠近他的時(shí)候,我看到老湯姆正在水中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地托著詹姆斯。①hearof聽說(=hearabout)hearfrom收到……的來信、信息等②witness['wItnIs]vt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到;目擊n.目擊者;證人;證據(jù)③sortout整理④acmodation[??k?m?'deI?n]n.住所;住宿⑤shore[???]n.岸;海濱⑥intime及時(shí);遲早intimetodosth.及時(shí)地做某事⑦opposite['?p?zIt]prep.在……對(duì)面adj.相對(duì)的;相反的beoppositeto與……相反/迥然不同intheoppositedirection朝相反的方向⑧throwoneselfoutof躍出⑨crashv.猛撞,猛擊⑩callout高聲喊叫?yell[jel]vi.大叫;呼喊n.叫聲;喊聲yellout(尤因恐懼、憤怒或激動(dòng)而)叫喊,大嚷大叫?beabouttodosth.即將做某事beabouttodosth.when...即將做某事,這時(shí)……?eon此處表示“快點(diǎn)兒”,還可表示“加油”“得了吧”。?aheadof在……前面aheadoftime提前?have...on穿著?pause[p??z]vi.&n.暫停;中止?headvi.朝(某方向)前進(jìn)headfor...向……前進(jìn)?lookdown朝下看lookdownupon/on瞧不起,看低,輕視?beatv.擊打;連續(xù)敲打?oar[??]n.槳;櫓eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))telescope['telIsk??p]n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))apackof一隊(duì);一群eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))teamwork['ti?mw??k]n.協(xié)作;配合eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))blow-holen.(鯨魚的)鼻孔;(隧道的)通風(fēng)口eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))dive[daIv]vi.&n.跳水(的動(dòng)作);潛水(的動(dòng)作);俯沖eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))flee[fli?](fled,fled)vi.逃避;逃跑(+to/from)vt.逃離escape逃跑,逃脫(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))harpoon[hɑ?'pu?n]n.(捕鯨用的)魚叉eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))aim...at使……瞄準(zhǔn)……,使……對(duì)準(zhǔn)……eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))let...go放開;松開eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))drag[dr?ɡ]vt.拖;拉;扯eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))swiftlyadv.迅速地;快速地eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))depth[depθ]n.深(度);深處eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))bringin帶來;收獲eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))inthemeantime在此期間;與此同時(shí)(=inthemeanwhile)meantime['mi?ntaIm]adv.其間;同時(shí)(=meanwhile)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))haveagoodfeed飽餐一頓eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))lip[lIp]n.一片嘴唇;(容器或洞的)邊,口eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))fierceadj.兇猛的;兇狠的eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))washoff沖走;洗掉eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))overboard['??v?b??d]adv.越過船舷進(jìn)入水中eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))turn...around把……轉(zhuǎn)過來eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))urge[??d?]vt.催促;極力主張;驅(qū)策urgesb.todosth.敦促某人做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))roughadj.狂暴的,洶涌的;粗糙的;粗暴的eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))beterrifiedof害怕eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))abandon[?'b?nd?n]vt.放棄;遺棄;拋棄abandononeselfto沉溺于eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))shark[?ɑ?k]n.鯊魚eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))approachvt.&vi.接近,靠近n.方法;手段;嘗試eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))holdup舉起;阻止eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))welldone(口語(yǔ))干得好,干得不錯(cuò)eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))pull...back把……拉回來OLDTOMTHEKILLERWHALEIwas16whenIbeganworkinJune1902atthewhalingstation.Ihadheardof①thekillersthateveryyearhelpedwhalerscatchhugewhales.Ithought,atthetime,thatthiswasjustastorybutthenIwitnessed②itwithmyowneyesmanytimes.◆thateveryyearhelpedwhalerscatchhugewhales是關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾thekillers。that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。◆thatthiswasjustastory是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。句中帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。OntheafternoonIarrivedatthestation,asIwassortingout③myacmodation④,Iheardaloudnoiseingfromthebay.Werandowntotheshore⑤intime⑥toseeanenormousanimalopposite⑦usthrowingitselfoutof⑧thewaterandthencrashing⑨downagain.Itwasblackandwhiteandfish-shaped.ButIknewitwasn’tafish.◆as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句中含有“hear+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。“That’sOldTom,thekiller,”oneofthewhalers,George,calledout⑩tome.“He’stellingusthere’sawhaleoutthereforus.”◆thekiller是OldTom的同位語(yǔ)。Anotherwhaleryelled?out,“Rush-oo...rush-oo.”Thiswasthecallthatannouncedtherewasabouttobe?awhalehunt.◆此處that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞thecall,that在從句中作主語(yǔ);therewas...hunt為賓語(yǔ)從句,作announce的賓語(yǔ)。“eon?,Clancy.Totheboat,”Georgesaidasheranaheadof?me.IhadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn’tlikebeingkeptwaiting,soeventhoughIdidn’thavetherightclotheson?,Iracedafterhim.◆asheranaheadofme是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,as意為“一邊……,一邊……;當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。◆beingkeptwaiting是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)形式,作like的賓語(yǔ)。(主動(dòng)形式:keepsb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事)◆eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Withoutpausing?wejumpedintotheboatwiththeotherwhalersandheaded?outintothebay.Ilookeddown?intothewaterandcouldseeOldTomswimmingbytheboat,showingustheway.Afewminuteslater,therewasnoTom,soGeorgestartedbeating?thewaterwithhisoar?andtherewasTom,circlingbacktotheboat,leadingustothehuntagain.◆seesb.doingsth.意為“看到某人正在做某事”?!衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)showingustheway在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)?!衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)circlingback...leadingus...在句中作Tom的定語(yǔ)。Usingatelescopeeq\o\ac(○,)wecouldseethatsomethingwashappening.Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofeq\o\ac(○,)aboutsixotherkillers.◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)Usingatelescope作方式狀語(yǔ)。“What’retheydoing?”IaskedGeorge.“Well,it’steamworkeq\o\ac(○,)—thekillersovertherearethrowingthemselvesontopofthewhale’sblow-holeeq\o\ac(○,)tostopitbreathing.Andthoseothersarestoppingitdivingeq\o\ac(○,)orfleeingeq\o\ac(○,)outtosea,”Georgetoldme,pointingtowardsthehunt.Andjustatthatmoment,themostextraordinarythinghappened.Thekillersstartedracingbetweenourboatandthewhalejustlikeapackofexciteddogs.◆stopsb./sth.(from)doingsth.意為“阻止某人/某物做某事”。◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)pointingtowardsthehunt在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。Thentheharpooneq\o\ac(○,)wasreadyandthemaninthebowoftheboataimeditateq\o\ac(○,)thewhale.Heletitgoeq\o\ac(○,)andtheharpoonhitthespot.Beingbadlywounded,thewhalesoondied.Withinamomentortwo,itsbodywasdraggedeq\o\ac(○,)swiftlyeq\o\ac(○,)bythekillersdownintothedepthseq\o\ac(○,)ofthesea.Themenstartedturningtheboataroundtogohome.◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)Beingbadlywounded在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)?!癢hat’shappened?”Iasked.“Havewelostthewhale?”“Ohno,”Jackreplied.“We’llreturntomorrowtobringineq\o\ac(○,)thebody.Itwon’tfloatuptothesurfaceforaround24hours.”“Inthemeantimeeq\o\ac(○,),OldTom,andtheothersarehavingagoodfeedeq\o\ac(○,)onitslipseq\o\ac(○,)andtongue,”addedRed,laughing.◆現(xiàn)在分詞laughing在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。AlthoughOldTomandtheotherkillerswerefierceeq\o\ac(○,)hunters,theyneverharmedorattackedpeople.Infact,theyprotectedthem.TherewasonedaywhenwewereoutinthebayduringahuntandJameswaswashedoffeq\o\ac(○,)theboat.◆whenwewereout...theboat是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾oneday?!癕anoverboardeq\o\ac(○,)!Turntheboataroundeq\o\ac(○,)!”urgedeq\o\ac(○,)George,shoutingloudly.◆shoutingloudly是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。Theseawasrougheq\o\ac(○,)thatdayanditwasdifficulttohandletheboat.ThewaveswerecarryingJamesfurtherandfurtherawayfromus.FromJames’sface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofeq\o\ac(○,)beingabandonedeq\o\ac(○,)byus.ThensuddenlyIsawasharkeq\o\ac(○,).◆itwasdifficulttohandletheboat中it是形式主語(yǔ),后面的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ)?!癓ook,there’sasharkoutthere,”Iscreamed.“Don’tworry,OldTomwon’tletitnear,”Redreplied.IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames,andwhenweapproachedeq\o\ac(○,)him,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheldupeq\o\ac(○,)inthewaterbyOldTom.Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes.◆Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.是固定句型,意為“(某人)花一些時(shí)間做某事”?!魋eesb.beingdone意為“看到某人正在被……”。Therewereshoutsof“Welldoneeq\o\ac(○,),OldTom”and“ThankGod”aswepulledJamesbackeq\o\ac(○,)intotheboat.AndthenOldTomwasoffandbacktothehuntwheretheotherkillerswerestillattackingthewhale.◆where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾地點(diǎn)名詞thehunt(捕獵的地方)。虎鯨老湯姆1902年6月,我開始在捕鯨站里工作,那時(shí)我16歲。在此之前我曾經(jīng)聽說過虎鯨每年都幫助捕鯨人捕捉大鯨。當(dāng)時(shí)我以為這只是個(gè)故事罷了,但是后來我親眼見過多次。有天下午我來到捕鯨站,正在整理住處的時(shí)候,聽到從海灣那邊傳來一聲巨響。我們及時(shí)趕到岸邊,看到對(duì)面有一個(gè)龐大的動(dòng)物猛力躍出水面,然后又墜落到水里。它黑白相間,樣子像魚,但我知道它并不是魚?!澳鞘抢蠝罚腔ⅥL。”一個(gè)叫喬治的捕鯨人高聲對(duì)我說,“它是在告訴我們那邊有一頭鯨,叫我們?nèi)ゲ东C。”另外一個(gè)捕鯨人大聲喊叫道:“快走啊……走啊?!边@是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開始的呼喊聲?!翱颂m西,快來,上船去?!眴讨卧谖仪懊孢吪苓呎f。我以前就聽說過,喬治不喜歡等人,所以盡管我還沒有穿上合適的衣服,就跟在他后面跑起來。我們一刻不停地和其他捕鯨人都跳進(jìn)漁船,朝海灣方向駛?cè)ァN页锿?,可以看到老湯姆就在漁船旁邊游著,為我們指路。幾分鐘之后,湯姆不見了,于是喬治開始用槳拍打水面。湯姆出現(xiàn)了,轉(zhuǎn)回到船邊,又領(lǐng)著我們前往捕獵處。通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡,我們可以看到遠(yuǎn)處有情況正在發(fā)生。靠近一看,原來是一頭鯨受到一群約六頭其他虎鯨的攻擊。我問喬治:“它們?cè)诟墒裁茨??”“嗯,它們?cè)趨f(xié)同作戰(zhàn)——那邊的虎鯨正在往那頭鯨的出氣孔上撲去,不讓它呼吸,而其他那些虎鯨則阻止它潛水或逃到海里去。”喬治一邊指著捕獵的情景,一邊告訴我。就在那時(shí),最精彩的場(chǎng)面出現(xiàn)了。那些虎鯨在我們的漁船和那頭鯨之間開始追逐了,就像一群發(fā)狂的獵狗一樣。然后,獵鯨叉準(zhǔn)備好了。站在船頭的那個(gè)人把叉瞄準(zhǔn)了那頭鯨,扔了出去,恰好擊中了要害,鯨受了重傷,沒過多久就死了。過了片刻,鯨的尸體就被虎鯨們迅速拖向海的深處去了。捕鯨人于是調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)船頭往回走?!霸趺蠢玻俊蔽覇柕?,“我們失去鯨了嗎?”杰克回答說:“不,我們明天再回來運(yùn)鯨的尸體。它在24小時(shí)左右是不會(huì)浮出水面的?!崩椎滦χa(bǔ)充說:“在這段時(shí)間里,老湯姆和其他虎鯨會(huì)飽餐一頓的,鯨唇和鯨舌就是它們的美食?!彪m然老湯姆和其他虎鯨都是兇猛的獵手,但是它們從來不傷害人,也不襲擊人。事實(shí)上,它們還保護(hù)人。有一天,我們出海捕鯨的時(shí)候,詹姆斯被沖下水去了。喬治催促著,大聲喊道:“有人落水了!把船頭調(diào)回去!”那天海上波濤洶涌,很難調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)船頭。海浪把詹姆斯沖得離我們?cè)絹碓竭h(yuǎn)。從詹姆斯的臉上,我能看出他非??只牛卤晃覀冞z棄。接著我突然看到了一條鯊魚。我尖叫起來:“瞧,那邊有一條鯊魚?!崩椎禄卮鹫f:“別擔(dān)心,老湯姆不會(huì)讓它靠近的。”我們花了半個(gè)多小時(shí)才把船頭調(diào)向詹姆斯,當(dāng)我們靠近他的時(shí)候,我看到老湯姆正在水中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地托著詹姆斯。我?guī)缀醪幌嘈抛约旱难劬Α.?dāng)我們把詹姆斯拉上漁船的時(shí)候,大家都?xì)g呼著“老湯姆,好樣的”“感謝上帝”。之后老湯姆離開了,回到捕獵的地方,跟其他虎鯨一起捕鯨去了。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解APeoplebeedefensiveatthethoughtofsomeonetellingthemorimplying(暗示)thattheymustchange.“IamwhoIam;takeitorleaveit”isoftentheresponse.Whilemanyviewthesementsassignsofself-confidence,intruththisattitudeistypicallyacover-upforbeingafraid.“IfIchangethenIamadmittingthereissomethingwrongwithme.IfIchange,thenothersarecontrollingwhoIamanddictatingwhoIbee.”Neitheroptionisappealing.Likeyourclothingorhairstyle,whatneedstochangefromtimetotimeisyourattitudesandactions—thewayyouthinkandbehave.Keepinmindthatnegativeattitudesandactionsleadtodifficultiesinlife.Thewillingnesstochangemeansoneisacceptingenoughofthemselvestorealizetheyneedimprovementincertainaspectsoftheirlife;thattheyarenotfullyfortableofthewaytheyareliving;thattheyhaveataskinprogressandarecontinuallyseekingtogrowandimprove.Likeaworkerwhotakescontinuingeducationclassestoalwaysbeuponthelatestchangesintheirfieldsothattheycanbethebestemployeeonthejob,soisthissameapproachnecessarytosuccessinlife.Resistancetochangecausesthesamerigidity(死板)thatcanmakeafirmtreebreakinastrongwind.Thosethatarewillingtobendtoacmodatethewindremainunchanged.Humanswhoadoptanattitudethattheywillnotchangeforanyonearefearfulofgivingupthesatisfactionfromothers.Resistancetochangeingeneralcanbeanindicationofonewholivesindenialabouttheirunhealthyattitudes,actions,lifestyles,relationshipsandsoon.Lowself-esteem(自尊)preventsthemfromrecognizingtheirimperfectionsandlackofcourageorself-lovepreventsthemfrommakingthenecessaryimprovements.Eventhoughwedenyit,weallexpectotherstochangeforusinsomeway.Abadattitudeislikeaflattire:ifyoudon’tchangeityouwon’tgetveryfarinlife.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文,主要講述了人要做出改變的原因。1.Whatdoestheauthorregardresistancetochangeas?A.Signsoffear.B.Signsofdefense.C.Signsofinflexibility.D.Signsofself-confidence.A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的intruththisattitudeistypicallyacover-upforbeingafraid可知,作者認(rèn)為反對(duì)改變事實(shí)上是為了掩飾恐懼。2.Accordingtothepassage,apersonneedstochangehimselfinorderto________.A.makepeoplearoundthemfeelmorefortableB.improvehiscertainimperfectionsC.a(chǎn)dapttonewenvironmentD.domoreplexworkB解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的theyneedimprovementincertainaspectsoftheirlife可知,人們要改變自我是因?yàn)橐晟谱约耗承┓矫娴牟蛔恪?.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whypeopleneedtochange.B.Howtogetfarinthelifejourney.C.Howtorespondtopeople’sadvice.D.Whypeopleshouldbuildtheirself-esteem.A解析:主旨大意題。本文主要講述了人要做出改變的原因。BFemalesealsdon’tchangetheirspots,accordingtoanewstudybyUniversityofAlbertabiologists.Infact,individualdifferencesinboldnessremainconsistent(一致的)overtime.Thestudyisamongthefirsttoexamineboldnessinwildmarinemammalsinthefieldofanimalpersonality.Animalpersonalityinfluencesmanyecologicalprocesses,likehowindividualsinteractwithotherspeciesorrespondtochangingenvironmentalconditions.ResearchersstudiedfemalesealsonSableIsland,hometotheworld’slargestgreysealcolony.Overaperiodfrom2008to2016,biologistChristiBubacandafieldteamledbyFisheriesandOceansCanadameasuredboldnessresponsesinthefemalesealswhendefendingtheiryoung.“Duringthebreedingseason,wesawthatfemalestendtobehaveconsistently,notonlybetweenyears,butalsowithinthelactationperiod(哺乳期)ofagivenyear,”explainedBubac,leadauthorandPhDstudentintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciencesstudyingwithwildlifegeneticistDavidColtman.“Thisprovidesanexampleofanimalpersonality,withconsistentindividualdifferencesobservedovertime.”Bubacalsoexaminedhowreproductivesuccessisrelatedtoaseal’sboldnessorshyness.Greysealsnursefor16to18days,somothersealshaveaveryshortwindowtogetbabysealsasfatastheycan.Duringthistime,babysealstriple(增至三倍)inbodymass.Bodymassisagoodpredictorofreproductivesuccessbecauseitindicatesthepuppies’chancesofsurvival.“Onaverage,wefoundthatbolderfemalesstopfeedingthosethataretwokilogramsheavier,paredwiththeshyestfemales,improvingtheirchancesofsurvivingthefirstyearoflife,”saidBubac.Theseresultspresentsomeveryinterestingbiologicalquestions,explainedColtman,professorofbiology.“Thisresearchshowsthatyounggreysealmomsthatareboldtendtostopfeedinglargerpuppiesparedwithshymoms.However,oldergreysealsalsotendtobebolder.Ifbolderanimalshavebiggerpupsandlivelonger,whydoesvariationinboldnessremain?Whybeshy?”【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。海豹也是有個(gè)性的,而海豹個(gè)性的個(gè)體差異會(huì)影響后代繁衍。4.Whatisthepurposeofthestudyofseals?A.Totesttheireffectsonecologicalprocesses.B.Tostudyhowsealsinteractwitheachother.C.Tocheckhowtheenvironmentaffectsmammals.D.Toexaminemarinemammals’personalitydifference.D解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thestudyisamongthefirsttoexamineboldnessinwildmarinemammalsinthefieldofanimalpersonality.可知,研究的目的是了解海洋野生哺乳動(dòng)物的個(gè)性差異。5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Animalshaveremainedtheirpersonalitysincetheywereborn.B.Femalesealsbehavemoreboldlyinthelactationperiod.C.Seals’boldnessresponsesremainthesameovertime.D.Thestudyonseals’personalityhasbeenverymature.C解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的Duringthebreedingseason...withinthelactationperiod(哺乳期)ofagivenyear及Thisprovidesanexampleofanimalpersonality,withconsistentindividualdifferencesobservedovertime.可知,海豹的勇敢性保持不變。6.WhichofthefollowingmayChristiBubacagreewith?A.Bolderfemalesealsadjustthenursingtimetotheirbabies’weight.B.Mothersealstendtogetbabiesasslimaspossible.C.Itusuallytakesmotherseals20daystonurse.D.Bolderfemalesealsfeedlessthanshyones.A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Bodymassisagoodpredictorofreproductivesuccessbecauseitindicatesthepuppies’chancesofsurvival.可知,更勇敢的海豹媽媽喂養(yǎng)寶寶的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短以寶寶的體重為依據(jù)。CMuchofwhatweknowaboutmemoryesfromHenryGustavMolaison(otherwiseknownasH.M.).Fromthetimehewasasmallchild,H.M.hadepilepsy(癲癇癥)soseverethatdoctorssuggestedremovingaportionofhisbraininanattempttocurethedisease.Soin1953,whenH.M.was27,hisdoctorDr.WilliamBeecherScovilleremovedtwosectionsofH.M.’sbrain,includingbothofhishippocampi(海馬體).DoctorsquicklyrealizedthatH.M.’slackofcertaincognitive(認(rèn)知的)functionshadnothingtodowithintelligence.H.M.performedwellonanyIQtestshewasgiven.H.M.couldalsorememberclearlyanythingthathadhappenedbeforehisoperation.Itthusbecameclearthat,sincethesurgeryhadaffectedhisabilitytocreatememoriesbeyondafewminutes,thehippocampusmustbetheareaofthebrainresponsibleforlong-termmemory.Dr.BrendaMilner,oneofthemanydoctorstostudyH.M.,conductedanadditionalexperimentwithH.M.wheresheaskedhimtodescribeastarhesawinamirror.Hisfirstfeweffortsproducedveryshakyresultssincethetaskrequiredmovingintheoppositedirectionfromwhatthemirrorshowed.However,afterrepeatedattempts,H.M.finallyfinishedthetaskdespitehavingnomemoryoftheeventofhavingpracticeditbefore.Thus,whilethemakingofourlong-termmemoriesofpeople,places,oreventsmaytakeplaceinthehippocampus,ourmotorskillmemoriesmustbehousedelsewhere.H.M.’sbraincontinuestobestudiedevenafterhisdeathin2008.In2009,hisbrainwascutintoabout2,000piecesanddigitallyimageddowntothescaleofindividualneurons(神經(jīng)元).Humans’knowledgeofbraindiseaseandhowthenormalmindworkswouldbegreatlyreducedifitwerenotforthegenerosityofthesepeopleandtheirfamilies.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。專家對(duì)H.M.的大腦進(jìn)行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)在他的兩個(gè)海馬體被切除之后,他的智力并沒有受到什么影響,只是不能記住新的東西而已。7.ThedoctorsremovedpartsofH.M.’sbrainincludingthehippocampusinorderto________.A.preventhimfromgettingdementiaB.researchintohismemoriesC.curehimofhisepilepsyD.studyhisintelligenceC解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Fromthetimehewasasmallchild...inanattempttocurethedisease.可知,醫(yī)生之所以把H.M.大腦的部分切除掉,是為了醫(yī)治他的癲癇癥。8.AfterH.M.receivedhisoperation,he________.A.gotpoorscoresinIQtestsB.stillrememberedwhathehaddoneC.couldremembernewthingslongerD.neededmoretimetomemorizethingsBalsorememberclearlyanythingthathadhappenedbeforehisoperation.可知,在手術(shù)之后,H.M.還記得以前的事情。9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shaky”inParagraph3mean?A.Uncertain. B.Remarkable.C.Unmon. D.Expected.A解析:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的sincethetaskrequiredmovingintheoppositedirectionfromwhatthemirrorshowed及第四段中的However,afterrepeatedattempts...havingpracticeditbefore.可知,H.M.剛開始的嘗試產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是不確定的。10.Whatdidtheadditionalexperimentprove?A.Peoplewithoutthehippocampushavepoormotorskills.B.Motorskillmemoriesaren’thousedinthehippocampus.C.Itismoredifficulttorememberthingshappeningatthemoment.D.Peoplewithoutthehippocampuswouldn’tperformwellinshort-termmemories.B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Thus,whilethemakingofourlong-termmemories...ourmotorskillmemoriesmustbehousedelsewhere.可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,海馬體并不是貯存運(yùn)動(dòng)技能的器官。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五YoungTaylorSwiftForacertain11-year-old,aspringbreaktriptoNashville,Tennessee,waslife-changing.Nashvillewasthec

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