高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)-狀語(yǔ)

PAGEPAGE１３高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之狀語(yǔ)&狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。在句中狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，修飾形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，放在被修飾動(dòng)詞之前。修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞之后，但有些副詞如often，always，never，usually等則放在動(dòng)詞之前，能夠作狀語(yǔ)的有：副詞、形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)、名詞或名詞短語(yǔ),不定式、分詞及從句?，F(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)述如下：▲副詞作狀語(yǔ)。如：Haveyouseenhimrecently？你最近見(jiàn)到他了嗎？GenerallysheremainedinonSundayevening．一般說(shuō)來(lái)星期日晚上她都留在家里。Ifoolishlyforgotmypassport．我愚蠢地忘了帶護(hù)照。Itrained，therefore，thegamewasputoff．下雨了，因此球賽推遲了?！樵~短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。如：HetraveledinAfricaforsixmonths．Wefoundhishousewithoutdifficulty．Withallthisrain,there’llbegoodcrop．有這么多雨水，收成會(huì)很好。There’sabankoppositemyoffice．我辦公室對(duì)面有一家銀行?！稳菰~及其短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨、原因、結(jié)果等，常用逗號(hào)與句子其它成分隔開(kāi)。Braveandstrong，theactiviststalkedtoworkersoutsidethefactoryandleftapositivemessageaboutprotectingtheearth.這些活躍分子態(tài)度非常明確地指出要保護(hù)地球不受污染.他們非常勇敢,堅(jiān)決.strongandbrave是形容詞作方式狀語(yǔ),如:Stone–faced,thecaptainorderedtoreducespeed.船長(zhǎng)面無(wú)表情的下達(dá)了減速的命令。Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)還可充當(dāng)以下成份：※原因狀語(yǔ)：Toonervoustoreply,hestaredatthefloor.她緊張得不能回答，只是凝視著地板。Hungryandtired,hesteppedintoarestaurant.又累又餓,他走進(jìn)一家餐館.Gladtoaccept,LinTaonoddedhisagreement.=Becausehewasgladtoaccept,LinTaonoddedhisagreement.因?yàn)楹軜?lè)意接受，林濤就點(diǎn)頭同意了?！鶗r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Ripe,theseapplesaresweet.這些蘋(píng)果熟了的時(shí)候是很甜的。Happy,shesingsanEnglishsong.(=Whensheishappy,shesingsanEnglishsong.)她高興的時(shí)候，就唱一首英語(yǔ)歌。

Freshfromtheoven,rollsaredelicious(.=Whentheyarefreshfromtheoven,rollsaredelicious.)※條件狀語(yǔ)：Freshfromtheoven,rollsaredelicious.剛出爐的小面包很好吃。Ripe,theseapplesaresweet.When/Iftheseapplesareripe,theyaresweet.熟了的時(shí)候/如果熟了，這種蘋(píng)果很甜。

Enthusiastic,theyarequitecooperative.（=When/Iftheyareenthusiastic,theyarecooperative.）熱心的時(shí)候它們是很合作的。※伴隨狀語(yǔ):Crusoehurriedhome，fulloffear.克魯索滿心恐懼地回了家.Helpless,wewatchedhalfayear’sfooddestroyedbeforeoureyes.我們毫無(wú)辦法，眼睜睜地看著半年的糧食給毀掉了。

Flushedandbreathless,sheboundedinthroughthegate.她滿臉通紅氣喘吁吁從大門口跑了進(jìn)來(lái)?！Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：Foramomentshejuststoodthere,unabletobelievewhathadjusthappened.她在那兒呆呆地站了一會(huì)兒，不敢相信剛才發(fā)生的事情。Seeingthesnakes,thegirlsstoodstill,unabletospeak.※表狀態(tài)意義：Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake,listeningtotherushingwinds.有位女人醒著躺在床上，靜聽(tīng)著那疾馳而過(guò)的大風(fēng)。Theystayedinthesnowforseveraldays,coldandhungry.他們?cè)谘┑乩锎袅藥滋?，又冷又餓。Theybrokeintotheuncle’sbedroomandfoundthemanlyingonthefloor,dead.它們強(qiáng)行沖進(jìn)叔叔的臥室，發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人躺在地板上，已經(jīng)死了?！尣綘钫Z(yǔ)：常由一個(gè)形容詞或連詞or連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列形容詞構(gòu)成①Rightorwrong,healwayscomesoffworstinanargumentbecauseofhisinabilitytospeakcoherently.(=Whetherheisrightorwrong,healwayscomesoffworstbecauseofhisinabilitytospeakcoherently.)無(wú)論有理無(wú)理，由于他語(yǔ)言條理欠佳總是把事情弄得最糟。②Wetorfine,hegotupatsixandtookawalkinthepark.(=Whetheritwaswetorfine,hegotupatsixandtookawalkinthepark.)不管天晴下雨他總是六點(diǎn)起床在公園里散散步。③Everynation,bigorsmall,shouldbeequal.(=Whetheritisbigorsmall,everynationshouldbeequal.)國(guó)家無(wú)論大小，都應(yīng)一律平等?！渥訝钫Z(yǔ)（對(duì)句子內(nèi)容加以評(píng)注）表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度和看法。它通常位于句首。

①Strange,heshouldhavedonesuchathing.很奇怪，他居然做出了這樣的事情

②Worsestill,thelioncouldevencarryoffthebabyinitsmouth.更糟糕的是，獅子甚至可能把嬰兒叼走。

③Surprising,therearefiveSARSpatientsinhisfamily.真驚人，他一家就有五位“非典”病人。

④Necessary,youngpeoplecanspeakgoodEnglish.年輕人會(huì)說(shuō)通順的英語(yǔ)是必要的。Moreimportant,he’sgotasteadyjob.更重要的是，他得到了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。Strangetosay,hedidpasshisexamafterall.說(shuō)來(lái)奇怪，他竟然通過(guò)了考試※用形容詞、并列形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭，修飾句子的主語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)：Tastyandcrisp,potatochipareafavoritesnackforbothchildrenandadults.Happyathisgoodmarksatschool,thelittleboyskippedonhiswayhome.Desperateandhopeless,thepoormancommittedsuicide.▲不定式作狀語(yǔ):不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

1）表示目的。如:Weeattolive,butwedon'tlivetoeat.Hecameheretoborrowabike．他來(lái)這兒借輛自行車。Mansendsrocketsintoouterspacetostudyconditionsthere．人類把火箭送到外層空間去探索那里的情況。注：表目的的不定式還常與soas或inorder連用，構(gòu)成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。例如：Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.2）表示原因。例如:Sheburstintotearstohearthebadnews.I'msorrytohearthat.Tohearhimtalkinthatmanner,youwouldthinkhimaforeigner.

他這樣說(shuō)話，你會(huì)以為他是外國(guó)人。Theoldfathersmiledtoknowhissuccess.

知道他成功的消息，那位老父親笑了。不定式短語(yǔ)可以和表示情緒的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞連用，有時(shí)說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，有時(shí)不是說(shuō)明原因，而是和形容詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況。常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有:

able有能力的，afraid害怕的，amazed感到驚異的，angry生氣的，anxious急于的，astonished感到驚訝的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聰明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel殘忍的，deep深的，delighted高興的，difficult有困難的，disappointed感到失望的，determined有決心的，eager急于的，easy容易的，fit合適的，foolish愚蠢的，fortunate幸運(yùn)的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高興的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艱苦的，lucky幸運(yùn)的，overjoyed高興的，pleased高興的，possible可能的，proud自豪的，ready準(zhǔn)備好的，relieved感到輕松的，right正確的，sad悲傷的，shocked感到驚訝的，sorry難過(guò)的，sure肯定的，surprised感到驚訝的，unable沒(méi)能力的，useless沒(méi)用的，willing愿意的，worthy值得的，wrong錯(cuò)誤的等。例如:

He’llbeangrytohearthesewords.聽(tīng)到這些話他會(huì)生氣的。You’reluckytohavemeasyourteacher.有我當(dāng)你們老師，你們很幸運(yùn)。Hefeelsproudtobeontheschoolfootballteam.作為校足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員他感到很自豪。Becarefulnottocatchcold.小心別感冒。He’sanxioustogobackstraighttoLondon.他急于直接回倫敦。They’llbereadytoleaveinaboutanhour.再有大約一小時(shí)他們就準(zhǔn)備好了。Thenewmanageriseasytogetalongwith.新經(jīng)理很容易相處。Thisriverisbroad,deepandgoodtoswimin.這條河寬且深，是游泳的好地方。Yoursofaiscomfortabletositin.

你的沙發(fā)坐上去很舒服。3）不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)只限于下面幾個(gè)詞：learn得知，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，see看見(jiàn)，hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，tobetold被告知，make使得等。Only+不定式常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。例如:Whathashesaidtomakeyousohappy?(結(jié)果)Hehurriedtotheairporttolearnthattheflighthadalreadytakenoff.他急忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻得知飛機(jī)已起飛了。Hereturnedhomefromhisholidayonlytofindthathishousehadbeenbrokeninto.他休假回家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的房子被破門而入了。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.不定式常與too或enough連用，在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool/tobesenttoschool.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool/tobesenttoschool.不定式有時(shí)用于so...astodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：Willyoubesokindastohelpmewiththework?Tomwassofoolishastotellliestothepolice．湯姆太傻了，竟對(duì)警察說(shuō)謊。Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。4).有些不定式習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)放在句首或句尾，作獨(dú)立成分,修飾一個(gè)句子，表明說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。Tobefrank(withyou),thisisnotsatisfactory.

老實(shí)（和你）說(shuō)，這不令人滿意。Tobefair,sheisanhonestgirl.

說(shuō)句公道話，她是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的姑娘。Totellyouthetruth,youarewrong..

實(shí)話告訴你，你錯(cuò)了。類似短語(yǔ)還有:tobehonest,tobefranc,tobefair,totellyouthetruth實(shí)話告訴你，toconclude最后，tobeginwith首先，tocutalongstoryshort簡(jiǎn)而言之，togobacktothepoint回到正題，nottomaketoomuchofit別小題大做，toputitanotherway換句話說(shuō)，tohearhimtalk聽(tīng)他說(shuō)話的口氣，等等。▲分詞作狀語(yǔ)。如：①-ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)，多說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景、方式或伴隨情況。如果在邏輯上句中的主語(yǔ)與分詞有主謂關(guān)系，用-ing分詞，有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用-ed分詞。例如：Weenjoyedourselvesinthepark,singinganddancing.Builtin1900,thehouseisnow100yearsold.②-ing分詞和-ed分詞都可作原因或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如果在邏輯上句中的主語(yǔ)與分詞有主謂關(guān)系，用-ing分詞，有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用-ed分詞。例如:Beingsopoorinthosedays,theycouldn'tsendtheboytoschool.(原因)Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.看到太陽(yáng)從海面升起來(lái)，我們高興得叫了起來(lái)。Borninapoorfamily,theboycouldnotgotoschool.(原因)Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.(時(shí)間)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.(時(shí)間)3．-ing分詞有時(shí)可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。例如：Herhusbanddiedinthewar,leavingherawidowwiththreechildren.Wegotupveryearly,arrivingatthehospitalaheadoftime.4．-ed分詞有時(shí)用作條件狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.5．如果不定式或分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，該不定式或分詞用完成式。例如：I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

Never/Nothavingmetthemanbefore,Icouldn'trecognizehimatfirst.Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttoplayfootball.

【注】分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞需帶自已的主語(yǔ)，從而形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。Therebeingnobus，wehadtowalkhome．沒(méi)有公共汽車了，我們只得步行回家。Helayonhishack，hishandscrossedunderhishead．他面朝天，頭枕著手躺著。Jackbeingaway，Johnhadtodothework．杰克不在，只好由約翰來(lái)做這工作。掌握分詞作狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵掌握分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵是理解分詞及其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則選用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則選用過(guò)去分詞。1、作狀語(yǔ)的分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且所表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。如：Relyingonourownefforts，weovercameallthedifficulties．依靠自己的努力，我們把所有的困難克服了。（rely與其邏輯主語(yǔ)we之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Sallywaslyinginbedcrying．莎莉躺在床上哭泣。（cry與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Sally之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）2、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。如：Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice，shedidn'twanttogotothecinema．這部電影她已看過(guò)兩遍，所以她就不想去看了。（see與其邏輯主語(yǔ)she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Neverhavinghandledamachine，shemetwithalotofdifficultiesatfirst．由于她從沒(méi)碰過(guò)機(jī)器，所以一開(kāi)頭就碰到很多困難。（handle與其邏輯主語(yǔ)she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）3、如果作狀語(yǔ)的分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞。如：Encouragedbythesesuccesses，theydecidedtoexpandthebusiness．在這些成績(jī)的鼓舞下他們決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)。（encourage與其邏輯主語(yǔ)they之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）Wewenthomeexhausted．我們回到家里已筋疲力盡了。（exhausted與其邏輯主語(yǔ)we之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）作狀語(yǔ)的分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式。如：Havingbeeninvitedtospeak，I'llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow．應(yīng)邀發(fā)言，我明天將開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備。（invite與其邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）值得注意的是，有些分詞在句子中沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種分詞在語(yǔ)法上被稱為垂懸分詞。屬于分詞的一種特殊的用法，須特別記住。常見(jiàn)的這類垂懸分詞有：regarding關(guān)于，barring除……以外，concerning關(guān)于，granting／granted（that）假定，即使，presuming假定，admitting（that）承認(rèn)，considering考慮到，assuming假設(shè)，supposing（that）假定，seeingthat考慮到，given（that）考慮到，如果，假如，等等。如：Hedidpoorlyinhisexaminations，consideringhowhardhehadstudiedforthem．就他為準(zhǔn)備這些考試所付出的巨大努力而言，他考得極差。Grantedthathehasenoughmoneytobuythehouse，itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodoso．即使他有足夠的錢買這棟房子，這也并不是說(shuō)他要買下來(lái)。Givenhisage，hehasdoneagoodjob．考慮到他的年齡，他干得不錯(cuò)。Heaskedmequestionsconcerningmyhealth．他問(wèn)了一些關(guān)于我的健康的問(wèn)題。常見(jiàn)這類分詞詞組有：taking...intoconsideration考慮到，judgingby／from從……判斷，talkingabout說(shuō)到……，speakingof說(shuō)到……，lookingat考慮到，著眼于，generallyspeaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)，allowingfor考慮到，等等。如：Judgingfromthenumberofcars，therewerenotmanypeopleattheclubyet．從汽車的數(shù)量來(lái)看，俱樂(lè)部里人還不多。Judgingfromhisaccent，hemustbefromHenan．從口音上判斷，他肯定是河南人。Generallyspeaking，boysaremoreinterestedinsuchactivitiesthangirls．一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩子對(duì)這種活動(dòng)的興趣比女孩子大。Allowingforthedeficiencies，theshowisasuccess．考慮到這些不足，這次表演是成功的。▲名詞或其短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。多限于表示時(shí)間和距離，重量等概念的名詞如：Wewalkedtenmilestothetown.我們走了十英里到了這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上。Hecameherethedaybeforeyesterday.他前天到這兒。Hewaslateforclassthismorning.今天早晨他上課遲到了。Waitaminute/moment，please．請(qǐng)等一下。Themeetinglastedtwohours.會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Theystudyharddayandnight.他們白天黑夜地學(xué)習(xí)。Comethisway!走這條路!Theytraveledalongwaybeforetheycamehere.他們到這之前走了很長(zhǎng)的路。Thisbaggageweighs20kilograms.行李重20公斤。Thetelephonerangasecond.電話鈴第二次響了。Leifengwasagoodexampleofservingpeopleheartandsoul.[全心全意地]Weshoulddoeverythingheartandsoul.我們做一切事都應(yīng)該全心全意?！鵂钫Z(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句在句中用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其意思的不同，可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、條件等九種狀語(yǔ)從句，每種狀語(yǔ)從句都有一定的連詞引導(dǎo)，所以，我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一定要把有關(guān)連詞的意思、用法和注意事項(xiàng)弄清楚。下面我們對(duì)各類狀語(yǔ)從句作必要的說(shuō)明。▲時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常由when，while，as，assoonas，until，till，themoment，theinstant，everytime，once，directly，immediately等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：WhenIhavefinished，I’lltellyou．當(dāng)我完成的時(shí)候，我就告訴你。Assoonashearrives，hewillstartwork．他一到達(dá)，就開(kāi)始工作。Weknewthattillhearrivednothingwouldbedone．我們知道，直到他到達(dá)之前，沒(méi)有辦法。ThemomentIsawhim，Irecognizedhim．我一見(jiàn)到他就認(rèn)出他來(lái)了。Everytimehecame，hewouldbringmesomebookstoread．每次他來(lái)，總要帶些書(shū)給我看。Theyhavebeendiscussingthisquestionsincethemeetingbegan.會(huì)議開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在，他們一直在討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Oncethefilmismade，alltheyoungpeoplewillwanttoseeit．這部影片一拍好，所有的年輕人都會(huì)想看。【注】在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，連詞when和while的用法有所不同。when既可以指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，又可以指一段時(shí)間；而while只能指一段時(shí)間，所以在while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用終止性動(dòng)詞。另外，在when和while從句中，只要從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，在從句中就可以省去主語(yǔ)和tobe，只用一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞，有時(shí)可在when和while之后直接跟介詞短語(yǔ)。如：Whencompleted，therailwaywillconnectthetwocities．這條鐵路建成后，將把這兩個(gè)城市連接起來(lái)。WhileinLondon，MarxspentalotoftimestudyingintheBritishMuseum．馬克思在倫敦的時(shí)候，用了很多時(shí)間在大英博物館學(xué)習(xí)研究。Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet．過(guò)馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心?！咀ⅰ縜s在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常指一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，所以從句大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如我們不能說(shuō)ashecame，但可以說(shuō)ashewascomingintotheroom。因?yàn)閍shecame表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，而ashewascoming表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?！咀ⅰ靠吹絬ntil或till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要特別注意，當(dāng)主句是肯定句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；當(dāng)主句是否定句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Wewalkedalongtheriveruntilitwasdark．我們沿著河散步，到天黑才回去。Ididn’tgotobeduntiltheclockstrucktwelve．我直到十二點(diǎn)才去睡覺(jué)。Hedidn’tknowanythingaboutituntilItoldhim．直到我告訴他，他才知道此事?！攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上只有兩個(gè)連詞，即where和wherever。如：Putthemedicinewherehecaneasilygetit．把藥放在他容易拿到的地方。Whereveryougo，youwillalwaysfindthesamething．不論你去哪里，你總會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的事情。Putamarkwhereyoufindaquestion．在發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的地方做一個(gè)記號(hào)。Wherethehighbuildingstandsthereusedtobesomelowhouses．那座高樓聳立的地方，原來(lái)有些低矮的房子?！驙钫Z(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句由as，because，since，nowthat等引導(dǎo)。如：Asyouarehere，youhadbetterhelpme．既然你在這里，你最好來(lái)幫助我。Sinceyouwon’ttakeadvice，thereisnopointinaskingforit．既然你不聽(tīng)忠告，就沒(méi)有征求的必要。Nowthatyouarehere，let’shaveadiscussionoverthequestion．既然你們都在這，我們就討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題吧！IdoitbecauseIlikeit．因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干?！咀ⅰ縜s，since，nowthat，seeingthat等連詞意思很接近，我們可以把它們作為一類放在一起與because從句作比較，as等從句所敘述的原因?qū)嶋H上讀者是知道的，或是自己能看得出的，因而不是整個(gè)句子的重點(diǎn)所在，而because引導(dǎo)的從句是整個(gè)句子的重點(diǎn)所在。試比較下列句子：Asheishonest，wealllikehim．由于他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，我們都喜歡他。Wealllikehimbecauseheishonest．我們喜歡他是因?yàn)樗\(chéng)實(shí)。前一句重點(diǎn)在于說(shuō)明我們都喜歡他，而后一句則著重說(shuō)明我們喜歡他的原因，語(yǔ)氣上顯然有很大的不同，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)其中的差異。▲方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常描寫(xiě)一個(gè)人或物是什么樣子，或者一件事是如何做的，其主要的連詞是as和asif（asthough）。以asif（asthough）引導(dǎo)的從句，如講的是與事實(shí)相反的情況，則要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：DoasItellyou．照我告訴你們的去做。Thestudentsdothemathsexercisesastheteacherhastaughtthem．學(xué)生們按照老師教的去做數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)。Justaswateristhemostimportantofliquids，airisthemostimportantofthegases．正如水是液體中最重要的液體一樣，空氣是氣體中最重要的氣體。Youshoulddotheexperimentastheteacherdoes．你應(yīng)該像老師那樣去做實(shí)驗(yàn)。Sheopenedherlipsasifsheweregoingtosaysomething．她張著嘴，好像要說(shuō)些什么。Hereachedouthishandasthoughheweregoingtocatchsomething．他伸出手來(lái)，好像在設(shè)法捕捉一個(gè)什么東西。▲比較狀語(yǔ)從句此類從句是提出一個(gè)事實(shí)或情況與主句表達(dá)的事情或情況相比較，有各種類型的比較，如同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)，或兩者同時(shí)增強(qiáng)或減弱的正比例比較，也有一增一減的反比例比較。如：Thisfilmisnotsuchaninterestingoneaspeoplesay．這部影片不像人們說(shuō)的那樣有趣。Herperformancewasbetterthanweexpected．她的表演比我們預(yù)料的要好些。Ifyoustudymaths，themorepracticethereis，thehigheryourskillswillbe．如果你學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，練得越多，你的技巧也就越高。ThemoreIreadthenovel，thelessIlikeit．這部小說(shuō)我越看越不喜歡。Sheloveshermotherlandasdearlyassheloveshermother．她像愛(ài)她的母親一樣地愛(ài)著她的祖國(guó)。ThemoreyoupracticespeakingEnglish，thebetteryouwindoit．你英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得越多，就說(shuō)得越好?！尣綘钫Z(yǔ)從句常用though，although，while，as，nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞，however，whatever等詞引導(dǎo)。例句：Althoughitwaslate，hecontinueddoinghishomework．盡管時(shí)間很晚了，但他仍在繼續(xù)做作業(yè)。Althoughshewasinahurry，shestoppedtohelptheboy．盡管她很匆忙，但她還是停了下來(lái)幫助這個(gè)男孩。Theirgift，thoughitissmall，isgreatinreality．他們的禮物即使微薄，但實(shí)際上卻是很豐厚的。Althoughthemedicinetastesbad，yetitcancureyourillness．盡管藥的味道不好，但它能治你的病。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須倒裝，though有時(shí)也可這樣用。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作“雖然，盡管”解，從句常采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把從句的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形提至句首。注意：1)表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前通常省略冠詞；2)as可與though替換使用，但though從句也可以使用正裝語(yǔ)序；3)as從句不能與but連用，正如so不與because連用一樣。如：Tiredashewas，hewentonworking．盡管他很疲勞，但仍繼續(xù)工作。Intelligentassheis，shedoesn'thavemuchinsight．雖然她很聰明，但缺乏洞察力。Childashewas，heknewalot．盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。Bravelythough/astheplayersfought，theyhadnochanceofwinning．雖然運(yùn)動(dòng)員們奮力拼搏，但他們無(wú)望獲勝。Oldasheis，heisverystrong．盡管他年紀(jì)大了，他仍很強(qiáng)壯。Changeyourmindasyouwill，youwillgainnoadditionalsupport．即使你改變主意，你也不會(huì)得到另外的支持。[考例]____，Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen．(廣東2005)A．MightSheastryB．AsshemighttryC．ShemightastryD.Tryasshemight[選D。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該用倒裝語(yǔ)序。]【注】在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如名詞置于句首，則不能用不定冠詞。though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句有語(yǔ)序倒裝現(xiàn)象時(shí)，一般不用although。同時(shí)，連詞while也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但不能用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如：Whileitcandoalotofthingsforman，acomputercan’tworkwithoutman’shelp.雖然計(jì)算機(jī)能為人做許多事，但沒(méi)有人的幫助它是不能工作的。WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult，Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved．雖然我承認(rèn)這些問(wèn)題很困難，但我并不同意它們無(wú)法解決。2）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句還可由evenif或eventhough引導(dǎo)，作“縱然”、“即使”解，但不能用evenalthough。Evenifhehadbeenverybusy，hewouldhavecometohelpus．即使他當(dāng)時(shí)很忙，他也會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們的。Evenifyouarenotfondofflowers，youshouldn’tmisstheflowerexhibition．即使你不喜歡花，這次花展你也該去看一看。（3）if有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，作“即使”“雖然”解釋。如：Ifthecountryispoor，itisdevelopingveryfast．即使這個(gè)國(guó)家很窮，它也在迅速發(fā)展。Practice：1.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,__thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.[94]A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added2.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_____homeanhourlater.[94]A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived3._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.[96]A.LosingB.havinglostC.LostD.Tolose4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.[98]A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake5._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.[2001]A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.SufferD.Suffered6.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_____.[2004上海]A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted7.Suddenlyatallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway.[04上海]A．seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing8.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.[04北京]A．TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited9.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.[04廣東]A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted10.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_____thefilmstarshadleft.[04福建]A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told11._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.[04湖北]A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared12.______bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.[04遼寧]A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted13.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_______.[04上海]A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists14.Hellenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.[04廣西]A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard15.Whenfirst_____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.[04吉林]A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced16.”Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_____outofthewindow.[04吉林]A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked17._____withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.[05北京]A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing18.Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.[05全國(guó)1]A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused19._____,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.[05全國(guó)2]A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally20.Whilewatchingtelevision,______.[05全國(guó)2]A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings21.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_____away.[05全國(guó)2]A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran22.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.[05北京]A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon23.____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.[05上海]A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput24.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust____alookatthesportsstars.[05上海]A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have25.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefit.[05上海]A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken26.Heglancedoverather,_____thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.[05廣東]A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted27.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____thatthetrainhadleft.[05廣東]A．tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound28.Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?Sure,_____itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday..[05福建]A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get29.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou”..[05福建]A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered30.____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.[05湖北]A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated31.____moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746—3789.[05浙江]A．TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout32..Weallwrite_____,evenwhenthere’snotmuchtosay.[94]A.nowandthenB.byandbyC.stepbystepD.moreorless33.Doyouremember_____hecame?YesIdo.Hecamebycar.[94]A.howB.whenC.thatif34.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.[95]A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever35.Wedecidedtoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining_____.[96]A,.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily36.TheOlympicGamesareheldonce_____.A.everyfouryearsB.eachfourthyearC.every—four–yearD.everyfouryear37.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis____knownforhisplays.[98]A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themost38.It’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_____ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.[2000]A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially39.FinnishPresidentsaidFinland–Chinarelationshadprogressed___withfruitfulco—operationinnewandhigh—techfields.[04上海]A.peacefullyB.highlyC.quietlyD.smoothly40.Idon’tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore,_____,thewalkwilldomegood.[04]A,.SoonerorlaterB.StillC.IntimeD.besides41．Mr.Smithusedtosmoke_____buthehasgivenitup.[04天津]A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardly42.HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot_____anativespeaker.[04上海]A,asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentasD.muchfluentlythan43.Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishers,and_____,fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.[04上海]A.accidentallyB.purposefullyC.obviouslyD.formally44.Sometimesitwasabitboringtoworktherebecausetherewasn’talways____muchtodo.[04廣東]A.suchB.thatC.moreD.very45.Thegreatsuccessofthisprogrammehasbeen_____duetothesupportgivenbythelocalbusinessmen.[04廣東]A.ratherB.veryC.quicklyD.largely46.Itis_____anywonderthathisfrienddoesn’tlikewatchingtelevisionmuch.[04廣東]A.noB.suchC.nearlyD.hardly47.ImustbegettingfatIcan_____domytrousersup.[04吉林]A.fairlyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.seldom48.MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe_____carefulwiththat.[05江西]A.enoughB.tooC.soD.very49.HowiseverythinggoingonwithyouinEurope?Quitewell.NotsosmoothlyasIhoped,_____.[05江蘇]A.thoughB.insteadC.eitherD.too50.HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?No,I’dliketo,____.[05山東]A.tooB.thoughC.yetD.either51.Therewassuchalongqueueforcoffeeattheintervalthatwe_____gaveup.[05廣東]A.eventuallyB.unfortunatelyC.generouslyD.purposefully52.Johnisverylazy.Hefalls_____behindinhisstudies.[05上海]A.veryB.farC.moreD.still53．ThemoreIthinkabouthim,themorereasonsIfindforlovinghim____Idid.[05湖南]A.asmuchasB.aslongasC.assoonasD.asfaras54．____andhappy,Tomstoodupandacceptedtheprize.[06全國(guó)1][B]A.SurprisingB.surprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprised一、狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)精要狀語(yǔ)從句在高考單項(xiàng)填空題型中一直倍受青睞，是高考考查的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目之一。筆者根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)從句的用途，將其高考考點(diǎn)分類歸納如下.一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有as，when，whenever，while，before，after，till，until，assoonas等。［考例1］Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners'curiosity____hereachestheendofthestory．（2003上海高考）A．whenB．unlessC．a(chǎn)fterD．until［分析］主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hold是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意：一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的講故事的人必須能夠把聽(tīng)眾的好奇心保持到他講完故事為止。本題選D正確。［考例2］Comeandseemewhenever____．（2003北京）A．youareconvenientB．youwillbeconvenientC．itisconvenienttoyouD．itwillbeconvenienttoyou［分析］在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)。問(wèn)某人是否覺(jué)得方便時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用下面句型：Isitconvenienttosb．convenient也常用于it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型中：Itisconvenientforsb．todosth．本題選C正確。［考例3］Hemadeamistake，butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse．（2003北京）A．untilB．whenC．beforeD．a(chǎn)s［分析］根據(jù)句意：他犯了錯(cuò)誤，但沒(méi)等局勢(shì)惡化，他就扭轉(zhuǎn)了局勢(shì)。before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，本題選C正確。某些表示時(shí)間的副詞、名詞短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如directly，immediately，theinstant，themoment，theminute，theday，theyear，each／everytime，nexttime，thefirst（second，last）time，bythetime等。［考例4］DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher？Yes，Igaveittoher____Isawher．（2001北京、內(nèi)蒙古、安徽春招）A．whileB．themomentC．suddenlyD．once［分析］名詞短語(yǔ)themoment可直接引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其后面不要再用其它連詞。本題選B正確。二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有where，wherever等。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句是由where（在……的地方）,wherever（無(wú)論哪里）引導(dǎo)的：［例5］Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai．（02上海春）A．whenB．wheneverC．whereD．wherever［分析］根據(jù)句意：那位著名的科學(xué)家在出生地長(zhǎng)大，于1930年來(lái)到上海。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為"在的地方"；wherever引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為"無(wú)論在哪里"。本題選C正確。三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有for,as（由于）,because(因?yàn)?,since（既然）,now(that)（既然）,consideringthat（顧及到）,seeingthat（由于）等連詞引導(dǎo)［考例6］____you'vegotachance，youmightaswellmakefulluseofit．（NMET1999）A．NowthatB．AfterC．AlthoughD．Assoonas［分析］nowthat意為"既然"，常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。本題選A正確。［考例7］TheItalianboywasregardedasahero____hegavehislifeforhiscountry．（MET1985）A．a(chǎn)ccordingtoB．becauseofC．onaccountofD．because［分析］根據(jù)句意：那位意大利男孩被看作是英雄，因?yàn)樗麨樽鎳?guó)獻(xiàn)出了生命