2018年考研英語(一)真題試卷及答案（含解析）

2018年考研英語(一)真題試卷及答案（含解析）SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition

1

manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour

2

inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh

3

.

4

,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.

5

peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat

6

pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstinctthatpromptshumansto

7

withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure

8

thishormoneputsusinatrusting.

9

:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir

10

whoinhaledsomethingelse.

11

forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay

12

us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate

13

acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach

14

toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook

15

.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf

16

thecontainerwasemptyandrealizedthetesterhad

17

them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere

18

tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.

19

,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"

20

"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1、

A.on

B.like

C.for

D.from2、

A.faith

B.concern

C.attention

D.interest3、

A.benefit

B.debt

C.hope

D.price4、

A.Therefore

B.Then

C.Instead

D.Again5、

A.Until

B.Unless

C.Although

D.When6、

A.selects

B.produces

C.applies

D.maintains7、

A.consult

B.compete

C.connect

D.compare8、

A.at

B.by

C.of

D.to9、

A.context

B.mood

C.period

D.circle10、

A.counterpartsB.substitutes

C.colleagues

D.supporters11、

A.Funny

B.Lucky

C.Odd

D.Ironic12、

A.monitor

B.protect

C.surprise

D.delight13、

A.between

B.within

C.toward

D.over14、

A.transferredB.added

C.introduced

D.entrusted15、

A.out

B.back

C.around

D.inside16、

A.discoveredB.proved

C.insisted

D.remembered17、

A.betrayed

B.wronged

C.fooled

D.mocked18、

A.forced

B.willing

C.hesitant

D.entitled19、

A.IncontrastB.Asaresult

C.Onthewhole

D.Forinstance20、

A.inflexible

B.incapable

C.unreliable

D.unsuitable

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-in-comejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations—trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege—shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.21、

Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

A.Leadingpoliticians.

B.Low-wagelaborers.

C.Robotowners.

D.Middle-classworkers.22、

Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.

D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.23、

Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison______.

A.creativepotential.

B.job-huntingskills.

C.individualneeds.

D.cooperativespirit.24、

Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat______.

A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.25、

Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith______.

A.opposingviewsonit.

B.possiblesolutionstoit.

C.itsalarmingimpacts.

D.itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheekdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmadeupstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews"viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,"saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26、

AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson______.

A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C.theadministration'sabilitytohandleinformation.

D.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews.27、

Thephrase"beefup"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.sharpen.

B.define.

C.boast.

D.share.28、

AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople______.

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

C.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility.

D.liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust".29、

TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis______.

A.readers'outdatedvalues.

B.journalists'biasedreporting.

C.readers'misinterpretation.

D.journalists'made-upstories.30、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealth-careisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiant.Itisagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements—andtheremaybemany—betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit"controlled"thedataandDeepMindmerely"processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdrugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasbigpharmahasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenham'sreportisawelcomestart.31、

WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.

C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations.

D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32、

TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith______.

A.emptypromises.

B.toughresistance.

C.necessaryadjustments.

D.sincereapologies.33、

TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that______.

A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

B.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

C.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit.34、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis______.

A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis______.

A.ambiguous.

B.cautious.

C.appreciative.

D.contemptuous.

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationsto.thenewreality.

Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimateoverseer—Congress—insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeterringvitalmodernization.

Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved—Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalongstandingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunions.

IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate—wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There'snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency'scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey'regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36、

ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby______.

A.itsunbalancedbudget.

B.itsrigidmanagement.

C.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.

D.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.37、

AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto______.

A.theinterferencefrominterestgroups.

B.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.

C.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.

D.theincompetenceofpostalunions.38、

Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby______.

A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.

B.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.

C.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.

D.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.39、

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith______.

A.respect.

B.tolerance.

C.discontent.

D.gratitude.40、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays

B.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese

C.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure

D.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid

PartBDirections:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41～45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA～Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

A.InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.

B.Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.

C.TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury—theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.

D.ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.BushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingPresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.

E.TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB.commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.

F.Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.

G.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.

41

→

C

→

42

→

43

→

F

→

44

→

45

PartCDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Shakespeare'slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama.

46

BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.

Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,school,organizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment;and

47

noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.

WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsoldthefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolsorcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul'sandtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.

48

Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheatres,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatresasofferingameansoflivelihood.

BythetimethatShakespearewastwenty-rive,Lyly,Peele,andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage—wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.

49

Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplay-housesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.

ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants.

50

Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA51、

Directions:

Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampus,invitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremail,youshouldincludethetime,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.

PartB52、

Directions:

Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould

(1)describethepicturesbriefly,

(2)interpretthemeaning,and

(3)giveyourcomments.

答案:

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

1、C[解析]

考查介詞辨析。第一段首句指出信任是一個矛盾體，接下來分述這一矛盾體的兩種表現(xiàn)。本題所在句對應(yīng)其第一種表現(xiàn)，冒號后的childcare和friendships等是對worth-whilethings的舉例說明。根據(jù)句意，信任是眾多值得做的事情的必要條件，例如兒童保育、友誼等。condition表“先決條件”時，后面跟介詞for或of，故選C。2、A[解析]

考查名詞辨析。本題所在句是說明信任這一矛盾體的另一種表現(xiàn)，即將信任置于錯誤的地方往往會使你付出昂貴的代價。因此填入trust的近義詞faith，故選A。3、D[解析]

考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句提到的信任與兒童保育和友誼等值得做的事情的關(guān)系，即是眾多值得做的事情的先決條件；本題所在句是說明信任這一矛盾體的另一種表現(xiàn)，語義上與前一句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即將信任置于錯誤的地方往往會使你付出昂貴的代價。故選D。4、B[解析]

考查副詞和邏輯關(guān)系。第一段講述了信任的積極的和消極的影響；第二段段首就提出問題“______我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃嗡?”邏輯上屬于承接上文的語義而展開新話題。因此B選項Then“那么”符合語境，故選B。5、D[解析]

考查連詞和邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意，當(dāng)人們將信任寄托于某個個體或機(jī)構(gòu)時，他們的大腦會釋放出令人產(chǎn)生愉悅感的催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項when符合語義邏輯，故選A。Unless“除非，如果不”表示條件，Although“盡管”表示讓步，Until“直到……”表示時間，均不符合。6、B[解析]

考查動詞辨析。本題所在位置為修飾先行詞hormone的定語從句的謂語部分，且此處所填動詞與后面的triggers“引發(fā)”并列。根據(jù)句意，他們的大腦會釋放出令人產(chǎn)生愉悅感的催產(chǎn)素，它會激發(fā)人們的群居本能。因此B選項produces“產(chǎn)生”符合文意，故選B。7、C[解析]

考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句意，他們的大腦會釋放出令人產(chǎn)生愉悅感的催產(chǎn)素，它會激發(fā)人們的群居本能，促使人們和睦相處。此空應(yīng)與that前面的herdinginstinct“群居本能”同義，因此C選項connect“連接”符合文意，connect...with意為“與……和睦相處”。故選C。8、D[解析]

考查介詞搭配。前面提到人們大腦會釋放出令人產(chǎn)生愉悅感的催產(chǎn)素，它會激發(fā)人們的群居本能，促使人們和睦相處。下文又提到實驗的展開和實驗結(jié)果，即吸入這種激素和吸入其他東西的兩種比較。所以這里是介紹處于這種激素環(huán)境中時科學(xué)家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即進(jìn)行試驗的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這種激素會使人們產(chǎn)生信任感。因此D選項exposure“暴露于，接觸”符合文意，故選D。9、B[解析]

考查名詞辨析。本題位于that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，表明科學(xué)家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：接觸這種催產(chǎn)素會使我們產(chǎn)生信任感。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此空表示產(chǎn)生信任感，因此B選項mood“情緒，心情”符合文意。故選B。10、A[解析]

考查名詞辨析。本題所在句是實驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，實驗對象為一半受試者的鼻子里噴灑催產(chǎn)素以及吸入其他東西的受試者，吸入其他東西的受試者是起對照作用的受試對象。因此A選項counterparts“相對應(yīng)的人或物”符合文意，故選A。11、B[解析]

考查形容詞辨析。本題所在句提到我們也有察覺不誠實行為的第六感，這對于我們來說顯然是有利的，因此屬于一件幸運(yùn)的事。故選B。12、B[解析]

考查動詞辨析。本題位于that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，該定語從句修