外研版英語必修三講義Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries2SectionⅡIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-LanguagePointsWord版含答案

SectionⅡIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—LanguagePointsmeasurevt.測定；測量；評估n．尺寸；(pl.)措施(教材P12)WhatdoestheHumanDevelopmentIndexmeasure？人類發(fā)展指數(shù)是測量什么的？(1)measure...by... 用……來衡量……(2)takemeasures(todosth.) 采取措施(做某事)make...toone’smeasure 按某人的尺寸訂做……①Canyoutellmehowtomeasurethelengthoftherope?你能告訴我如何測量這條繩子的長度嗎？②Itisdifficulttomeasurethesuccessofthecampaignatthisstage.在現(xiàn)階段還難以估量這場運動的成敗。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Educationshouldn’tbe__measured(measure)onlybyexaminationresults.②Doyouknowthehistoryofthatbridgemeasuring(measure)aslongas200meters?③(2019·北京高一期末)Facedwiththisphenomenon,wemusttakesomemeasuresto__deal(deal)withit;otherwise,itwillresultingreatlossesinthefuture.④Toweletheschoolanniversary,ourschoolhasmadenewsuitstoourmeasure.(1)measure表示“措施”之意時，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式measures。(2)measure表示“量；有……長(寬、高等)”時，是不及物動詞，后跟量的結(jié)果，不用被動語態(tài)及進行時態(tài)；如果此意義的短語作后置定語，要用現(xiàn)在分詞。positionn．位置；職位，地位；姿勢；狀況，處境(教材P12)TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.英國位居第十三，而中國處于中等位置。(1)ina...position 處于……的地位/處境in/outofposition 在/不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?2)holdthepositionof 擔(dān)任……的職務(wù)[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中position的含義①Canyoufindourpositiononthismap？位置②Lastyearsheheldthepositionofsalesmanagerinalargepany.職務(wù)③Makesurethatyouareworkinginafortableposition.姿勢④He’sgoingtobeinaveryterriblepositionindeedifthingsgobadlyforhim.狀況，處境[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空⑤Whatmadeyouinadifficultposition?⑥Thebooksarealloutofposition.Putthembackinpositionquickly.⑦Hewasinapositionwherehemustfindsomeonetohelphim.當(dāng)position,situation,stage,job等詞在句中表示抽象的地點，且在其后的定語從句中作地點狀語時，用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。upto直到；多達；由……決定；忙于，從事；勝任(教材P12)makesurethatallchildrenhaveeducationuptotheageof11確保達到11歲的孩子都能接受教育(1)beupto(doingsth.) 打算/正在(做某事)； 勝任(做某事)(2)It’suptoyou. (交際用語)由你決定。It’suptosb.todosth. 由某人決定做某事。[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中upto的含義①(2018·北京卷)Upto12milliontonsofplasticpollutetheoceans.高達；多達②Weallagreethattheyoungmanisuptotheposition.勝任③Whathaveyoubeenupto？忙于；做④Uptonow,hehasn’tfinishedhiswork.直到[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空⑤—Mary,whatwouldyouliketoeatforlunch,pizza,sushiorhamburgers?—It’suptoyou.EverythingisOKtome.⑥It’suptoyouto__lead(lead)whatkindoflifeinthefuture.makeefforts努力(教材P12)Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.報告顯示我們正在取得一些進步，但是我們需要作出更大的努力。(1)makeefforts/aneffort/everyefforttodosth. 努力做某事sparenoeffort(todo) 不遺余力(2)withouteffort 容易地，不費力地①Makealittlebitmoreeffort,andIbelieveyouwillrealizeyourdream.多努力一些，我相信你會實現(xiàn)你的夢想的。②Theclubismakingeffortstoattractmoreyoungpeople.這家俱樂部正在努力吸引更多的年輕人。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①(江西卷)What’sthepoint,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeaneffortto__help(help)himself?②Don’tyouthinkitessentialthateveryresidentofBeijingandZhangjiakousparenoeffortto__make(make)contributionstotheBeijing2022WinterOlympics?③Nothinginthisworldcanbeachievedwithouteffort.“盡一切努力做某事”的表達法還有：try/doone’sbesttodosth.doallthatsb.cantodosth.figuren．?dāng)?shù)字；體形；人物；身影；圖形v．計算；認為(教材P13)pletethechartwithfiguresfromthepassage.用短文中的數(shù)字完成表格。(1)figureout 想出，理解；弄明白，看透figurein 包括……；把……計算在內(nèi)(2)keepone’sfigure 保持身材[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中figure的含義①(2016·北京卷)AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeWeiYuan,agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.人物②Hewentontograduatefromcollegeandgotajob,earningclosetosixfigures.數(shù)字③(福建卷)IwonderhowMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.體形④Shewasfrightenedtoseeafigureinthedark.人影⑤Ifigurethathewasdrunkandshouldn’tbeallowedtodrive.認為[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空⑥Ican’tfigureoutwhatitisthatmakeshimsosadrecently.⑦Haveyoufiguredinthecostoffoodforourholiday?while作并列連詞(教材P12)Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.挪威高居榜首，而美國名列第7位。句中的while作并列連詞，意為“但是，然而”，表示一種對比關(guān)系。(1)while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時候”。(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”，一般放在句首，相當(dāng)于although。①Thewallsaregreen,whiletheceilingiswhite.墻是綠色的，而天花板是白色的。②(2016·上海卷)Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.她告訴我其中一些孩子和一位老太太住在一個收容所，而其他的人睡在街上。[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①雖然學(xué)生們來自不同的國家，但是他們在夏令營相處得非常好。(福建卷)While__the__students__came__from__different__countries,__theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.②我在花園里散步時鈴響了。Thetelephonerangwhile__I__was__walkinginthegarden.作“然而”解時，while不能放在句子前面。while和but有所不同，while用于對比，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；當(dāng)前后兩個分句擁有同一個主語時應(yīng)用but,不用while表示轉(zhuǎn)折。with＋賓語＋賓補(教材P12)ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist.排在最后的10個國家均是非洲國家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。句中的withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist屬于“with＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，介詞短語atthebottomofthelist作賓補。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常作原因、條件、時間、方式或伴隨狀語，也可作后置定語。其常見形式：(1)with＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(2)with＋賓語＋doing(3)with＋賓語＋done(4)with＋賓語＋todo①Doyouknowtheladywithababyinherarms?你認識那個抱嬰兒的女士嗎？②(重慶卷)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord，withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.去年是有記錄以來最熱的一年，全球溫度比平均值高出0.68攝氏度。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Withpricesgoing(go)upsofast,wecan’taffordanapartmentinbigcity.②Theboysatintheroom,withhiseyesfixed(fix)ontheceiling.③Withsomanybooksto__read(read),Ihavenotimetochatwithyou.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的難點和考點在于現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語表示主動或正在進行的動作；過去分詞作賓語補足語表示被動或已完成的動作；動詞不定式作賓語補足語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。因此，確定非謂語動詞和其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系以及非謂語動詞所表示的時間概念十分重要。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．How__does__she__manage__to__keep__her__figure(身材)whensheeatssomuch?2．Becauseofthebadharvestmanypeoplewillsufferfromhunger(饑餓)．3．Thegovernmentwilltakemeasures(措施)tohelpcollegegraduatestofindjobsin2020.4．Thecampaignisintendedtoeducate(教育)thepublictoprotecttheenvironment.5．Fromhisposition(位置)onthetopofthetower,hecanhaveabetterviewofthecity.6．Oneofhergoals(目標(biāo))istogetthefirstplaceintheingexamination.7．Withthedevelopment(發(fā)展)ofscienceandtechnology,ourlifebeesmoreandmoreconvenient.8．Heearns1，000yuanamonth.Hisfamilyliveonsuchasmalline(收入)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．Itisamazingthatthelittleboycanswimacrosstherivermeasured100meterswide.measured→measuring2．Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookedatthesky.looked→looking3．Thegovernmenthaspromisedtosparenoefforthelpthosewhoareinpoverty.help前加to4．Onthetopofthehillstandanoldtemple,whichhasalonghistory.stand→stands5．MynewEnglishteacherisveryhumorous,butmypreviousoneisquiteserious.but→whileeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)課文語法填空Oneofthemostimportant1.sections(section)oftheHumanDevelopmentReportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex,which2.measures(measure)acountry’sachievements3.inthreeways:lifeexpectancy,educationandine.TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,4.whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.Thisreportgivesexamplesof5.successful(success)development.Forexample,inthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutof6.poverty(poor).7.However,__thechallengesarestillgreat.Althoughmostofthechildrenin8.developing(develop)countriesgotoprimaryschool,about115millionchildrenarenot9.being__educated(educate)．Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomake10.greater(great)efforts.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Whetheramanissuccessfulornotcanbe__measured(measure)inmanyways.2．Heresignedfromthepanyinordertofindabetterpositionwherehecouldgivehisabilityintofullplay.3．Theylovetheirdaughtersomuchthattheyarealwaysreadytodoeverythingtheycantomakesureofherhappiness.4．Godgaveusthegiftoflife;itisuptousto__give(give)ourselvesthegiftoflivingwell.5．(2019·山東濟南高一期中)Wemustmakeeveryeffortto__turn(turn)ourdreamsintoreality.6．Tomisverygoodatsinging,whilehisbrotheriscleveratdancing.7．Atthefootofthemountainstands(stand)atowerbuiltintheMingDynasty.8．Withmybrotherto__help(help)me,Iwillfinishthetaskinashortertime.9．Ittookthemaboutoneweektofigureouthowtostarttheequipment.10．Thosechildreninthatpoorareaarelookingforwardtobeing__educated(educate),buttheirparentscan’taffordtosendthemtoschool.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解ATwobillionchildreninthedevelopingworldcan’treceivegoodeducation—thekeytohumandevelopment.However,technologyoffersananswerwhichallowsthepoorindevelopingcountriestolearn.Itisatoolwhichholdstheabilitytochangethelivesofthepoor,asitprovidesameansoflearningandmunicating.Educationalprogramsmustbreakawayfromoldsystems.NewpaniessuchasOneLaptop(筆記本電腦)PerChild(OLPC),anorganizationfoundedbyMITProfessorNicholasNegropontehavebeenactiveinsolvingtheworld’seducationproblem.TheInternethaschangedtheworld,allowingeducationalservicestohelpwiththeglobalfightagainstpoverty.KhanAcademyisonesuchservice.LikeOLPC,itisanorganizationfoundedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolgraduateSalmanKhanwiththetaskof“providingaworld-classeducationtoanyone,anywhere”.Theeducationofferedincludesalargenumberofmath-relatedtopics.TheGMATPillReviewisanotherpanythattrainsMBAcandidates(應(yīng)考人)worldwidetopreparefortheGMATexamonboththeQuantandVerbalsection.FoundedbyStanfordgraduateZekeLee,thepanyoffersserviceswhicharepricedatabout75%lessthanothersimilarprograms.Itallowsstudentsfromdevelopingcountrieswhomightnotbeabletoaffordsimilarcoursestohaveaccesstotheseservices.Whetherpaidorfreetheseservicesprovideeducationalopportunitiestothosewhowouldneverhavehadthechanceinthepast.Asaresultofthetechnologyrevolution(革新),businessschoolsmayseemorestudentsfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.BecauseoftheInternet,peopleindevelopingnationshaveaccesstobetterandmoreaffordableeducationalopportunities.Moreandmorepeoplewilltrytoimprovetheirlivesthrougheducationalopportunitiesoutsideoftheirhomeland—anideausuallyunmonindevelopingcountries.【解題導(dǎo)語】在發(fā)展中國家，眾多兒童不能得到優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育資源，世界上眾多組織試圖改變這種現(xiàn)狀。1.Accordingtothetext,technologycan________．A．improvepeople’sreadingabilityB．solvetheproblemsfacingthewholeworldC．helpthepoortoreducepovertyD．causepovertyindevelopingcountriesC解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Itisatoolwhichholdstheabilitytochangethelivesofthepoor,asitprovidesameansoflearningandmunicating.可知，由于科技提供學(xué)習(xí)和交流的方法，所以它是能夠改變窮人命運的工具。2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatKhanAcademyaimsto________．A．helpthepoorpayforgoodcoursesB．provideeverychildwithaputerC．helptrainMBAcandidatesD．makeeveryonereceiveagoodeducationD解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第二、三句可知，該組織的目的是使每一個人都得到世界一流的教育。3．WhichofthefollowingaboutGMATPillReviewisTRUE?A．Itonlyacceptsstudentsfromdevelopingcountries.B．ItwasstartedbyProfessorNicholasNegroponte.C．Itchargesstudentsabout25percentofothersimilarprograms.D．Theeducationincludesalotofmath-relatedtopics.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，GMATPillReview在全世界范圍內(nèi)招生，故A項錯誤；由第四段第二句可知，它由ZekeLee創(chuàng)辦，學(xué)費比其他同樣的便宜75%,因此B項錯誤，C項正確；D選項是敘述KhanAcademy的，因此錯誤。4.Inthepast,peopleindevelopingcountries________．A．hadnoeducationalopportunitiesintheirhomelandB．seldomthoughtofreceivingforeigneducationtochangethemselvesC．a(chǎn)lwaysbelievededucationwasofgreatimportanceD．wouldn’tleavetheirhomelandtoreducepovertyB解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段的最后一句可知，現(xiàn)在越來越多的人通過本國之外的教育機會來改善他們的生活，這一點在過去的發(fā)展中國家是不常見的。由此可以推斷出，過去發(fā)展中國家的人們很少想到通過接受國外的教育來改變自己的命運。BGabriella’sfamilyimmigratedtotheUSfromPeruwhenshewastwoyearsold.Asapoundbilingual(熟諳兩種語言的人),Gabrielladevelopstwolinguisticcodesatthesametime,withasetofconcepts,learningbothEnglishandSpanish.Herteenagebrother,ontheotherhand,mightbeacoordinatebilingual,workingwithtwosetsofconcepts,learningEnglishinschool,spanishathome.Finally,Gabriella’sparentsarelikelytobesubordinatebilingualswholearnedasecondlanguagebytranslatingitintotheirmothertongue.Regardlessofaccentandpronunciation,alltypesofbilingualpeoplecanbeefullyproficientinalanguage.Itseemsthatthedifferencemaynotbeapparent.Butrecentlybrainimagingtechnologyhasgivenaglimpseintohowspecificaspectsoflanguagelearningaffectthebilingualbrain.It’swellknownthatthebrain’slefthemisphere(半球)isinchargeoflogicalprocesses,whiletherighthemisphereismoreactiveinemotionalandsocialones.Languageinvolvesbothtypesoffunctions.Criticalperiodhypothesissayschildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft.Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages.Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmoreplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged,andevenifyoudidn’thavethegoodfortuneoflearningasecondlanguagelikeachild,it’snevertoolatetodoyourselfafavorandmakethelinguisticleapform“Hello”to“Hola”“Bonjour”or“nihao”becausewhenitestoourbrains,alittleexercisecangoalongway.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語學(xué)習(xí)能使大腦更聰明、健康和活躍；學(xué)習(xí)外語永遠不遲。5．WhyisGabriella’sfamilyusedastheexampleinParagraph1?A．Toshowthatthefamilyarebilinguals.B．Toexplaintheadvantagesofbilinguals.C．Toillustratethethreetypesofbilinguals.D．Toproveallagescanlearnforeignlanguages.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Gabriella家中有三種不同的雙語學(xué)習(xí)類型的人，即Gabriella同時學(xué)習(xí)英語和西班牙語；她的弟弟在學(xué)習(xí)英語，在家里學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語；她的父母則通過將第二語言翻譯為母語來學(xué)習(xí)第二語言。據(jù)此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭為例是為了說明三種不同雙語學(xué)習(xí)類型的人，故C項正確。6．Whydothechildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilythanadults?A．Becausetheylearnlanguageswithasetofconcepts.B．Becausetheyusebothhemispherestolearnlanguages.C．Becausetheirmothertonguedoesn’tinfluencethemmuch.D．Becausetheycaneasilytranslateonelanguageintoanother.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“childrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft”可知，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易是因為他們發(fā)育中的大腦讓他們在語言學(xué)習(xí)中使用兩個腦半球，而在大多數(shù)成年人中，學(xué)習(xí)語言依賴于一個腦半球，通常是左半球，故B項正確。7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“handicap”underlinedinParagraph3?A．Disease. B．Disability.C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages.”，尤其是該句中的“slowed”和“forcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages”并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞與C項“不利因素，障礙”意思相近，故C項正確。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theleftbrainismoreimportantforlanguagelearning.B．Learninglanguagescanpromotethebraindevelopment.C．Theproficiencyoflanguagebeesweakgraduallywithage.D．Immigrantshaveadvantagesinlearninglanguagesovernatives.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmoreplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged”可知，研究確實表明，雙語可能會讓你更聰明，它會讓你的大腦更復(fù)雜、更健康、更活躍；據(jù)此可推知，語言學(xué)習(xí)促進大腦的發(fā)展，故B項正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)七選五SleepAdviceforKidsofAllAgesItisimportantforeachchildtogetenoughsleepeveryday.Here,we’lllearnmoreaboutthat.Howmuchsleepdoesachildneed?1．________Newborns0to3monthsshouldsleep10to18hoursaday.Babies4to11monthsshouldstarttosleepthrough