安全管理英語 課件 Unit 4 Construction Safety Management

Unit4ConstructionSafetyManagementLearningObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,you’llbeableto:understandandusewordsandphrasesrelatedtoconstructionsafetymanagementapplyaspecificreadingstrategytoorganizeinformationunderstandsomemaincausesofconstructionaccidents123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaWarmingUpSafetyhelmetcolorsindicatedifferentjobdutiesinanorganization.Matcheachhelmetcolorwiththeposition(s).ABCItindicatesthejobdutiesof?

1managers,supervisors,foremenorPartyA?

2technicians,managersorPartyA?

3technicaloperators?

4generallaborsDBCDA123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaPracticalReadingStep1Thehelmetshouldcoverthetopoftheforeheadandshouldbepositionedabouttwofingers’widthabovetheeyebrows.Donotslingthehelmetbacktoexposetheforehead—itshouldsitlevelatthefrontandbackandnotbetiltedbackatanangle.Step2ThestrapsshouldmeetsnuglyinaV-shapejustbelowtheears.Thebucklesonthesidestrapsshouldfitrightundertheears.Step3Onefingershouldfitbetweenthechinandthechinstraps.Yourfingershouldbeabletoshiftoneinchinanydirectionsothattheworkercandrinkorshoutwhenwearingahelmet.However,yourfingershouldnotbeabletoshiftanymorethanoneinch.Howtowearasafetyhelmet—Fromthemanualofasafetyhelmet譯

Words&PhrasesWordsforehead

n.額；前額eyebrow

n.眉（毛）slingv.（松松垮垮地）掛，吊level

adj.等高的；齊平的strap

n.帶子snuglyadv.緊貼地；貼身地buckle

n.扣環(huán)；搭扣課PracticalReadingPhrasestiltback使向后靠V-shapeV字形ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextandcompletetheconversationbasedonyourunderstandingofit.1PracticalReading(Anewmemberofstaff,Steve,isconsultinghisexperiencedcolleaguePeterabouthowtowearasafetyhelmetinacorrectway.)Steve:Hello,Peter.Ineedtovisitourconstructionsitewithothernewstaffintheafternoon.ButIamstillnotquitesureabouthowtowearasafetyhelmetcorrectly.Couldyoupleasegivemesomeinstructionsaboutthis?Peter:Forsure.1______________actasthefirstlineofdefenseagainstheadinjury,buttheyonlyworkwhentheyareworncorrectly.Letmetellyouhowtocorrectlywearthesafetyhelmet.Weusuallyfollowthe2V1rule.Thetwointhe2V1rulemeansthefrontedgeofthehelmetshouldbe2_________________abovetheeyebrows.TheletterVinthemiddlemeansthat3__________shouldmeetina(n)4_________justbelowtheears.Asforthenumberoneintherule,itmeans5__________shouldfitbetweenthechinandchinstraps.thestrapsSafetyhelmetstwofingers’widthV-shapeonefingerReadingcomprehensionReadthetextandcompletetheconversationbasedonyourunderstandingofit.1PracticalReadingSteve:Isee.The2V1rulesoundssimpleandclear.I’lltakethatonboard.Thankyousomuch.Peter:Youarewelcome.Takecare!Extendedexercise

Readthetextagainanddecidewhethereachpersoniswearingtheirsafetyhelmetinthecorrectway.TickY(yes)orN(no).2PracticalReadingMikeTolookcool,hehasslungthehelmetbacktoexposehisforehead.?Y?NEmilyJohnItcanbeseenthatthechinstrapsmeetsnuglyinaV-shapejustbelowherears.?Y?NWhenheiswearingthehelmet,therearetwofingers’widthbetweenhischinandthechinstraps.?Y?N√√√如何佩戴安全帽——摘自安全帽說明書課PracticalReading課文譯文1．技術(shù)規(guī)格?測試范圍：12–250V?操作溫度：0–40℃2.操作說明?握住測電筆的絕緣手柄，將其探頭放入電子設(shè)備或電路中。?觀察指示燈。如果燈亮，則表示電路中有電壓。如果燈不亮，則表示電路中沒有電壓。?接下來，觸摸手柄末端的反應(yīng)測量按鈕，觀察數(shù)字顯示屏上顯示的數(shù)值。3.警告?測電筆只能在額定電壓范圍內(nèi)使用。?測電筆的絕緣部分由人造樹脂制成，不得用于電壓測試以外的任何其他用途。第一步頭盔應(yīng)覆蓋前額頂部，位置應(yīng)在眉毛上方約兩指寬處。頭盔前后應(yīng)保持水平，不得向后傾斜。第二步系帶應(yīng)緊貼耳朵下方，呈V形。側(cè)面系帶的搭扣應(yīng)緊貼耳朵下方。第三步下巴和下巴綁帶之間應(yīng)留有能放入一根手指的空間。這一空間應(yīng)允許手指能向任何方向移動一英寸，以便工人在佩戴頭盔時能喝水或喊叫。不過，手指能移動的幅度不應(yīng)超過一英寸。123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaIntensiveReadingAccordingtotheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA),fourhazardsareresponsibleforthemajorityofinjuriesandfatalitiesinconstruction,andthesearenamedtheFocusFourHazards.Anythingthatcouldcauseaworkertolosebalanceorlosebodysupportandthatcouldresultinafallisconsideredasafallhazard.Examplesofthistypeofhazardincludeunprotectedroofedges,improperscaffoldconstruction,andunsafeladders.Infact,fallscontinuetobealeadingcauseofinjuryanddeathatconstructionsites.TheFocusFourHazards譯IntensiveReadingThishazardoccurswhenapersoniscaught,squeezed,crushed,pinched,orcompressedbetweentwoormoreobjectsorpartsofanobject.Unguardedmovingmachinery,unprotectedexcavationsandtrenches,andworkingbetweenmovingmaterialsandimmovablestructures,vehiclesorequipmentbelongtothiskindofhazard.Forciblecontactorimpactbyanobjectorapieceofequipmentisanothertypeofhazard.Thishazardcanresultfromaflying,falling,swingingorrollingobject,suchasacranecollapsing,toolsfallingfromanelevatedworkstation,andinadequateriggingcausingaloadtobedropped.譯IntensiveReading譯Thistypeofhazardoccurswhenapersonisexposedtoalethalamountofelectricenergy.Anexampleofthiswouldbeaworkeropeningthegatetoatransformerareaandcomingintocontactwiththetransformer,resultinginashock.SeveralmeasuresshouldbetakentoavoidtheFocusFourHazards,suchasfollowingsafeworkprocedures,wearingappropriatePPE,andmaintainingasafedistancefromhazardousequipment.Itisessentialforworkerstounderstandthesehazards,andlearnhowtoavoidthemsoastoreducethenumberofinjuriesandfatalitiesandtocreateasaferworkingenvironment.

Words&PhrasesWordsoccupational

adj.職業(yè)的；工作的fatality

n.死亡construction

n.建筑；制造edge

n.邊緣scaffold

n.腳手架；升降吊架ladder

n.梯子crush

v.壓碎；壓壞pinch

v.捏；夾compress

v.壓緊；壓縮excavation

n.挖掘；開鑿trench

n.壕溝；溝渠rigging

n.索具lethal

adj.致命的；致死的transformer

n.變壓器Phrasesberesponsiblefor對······負責；是······的原因resultin導(dǎo)致；結(jié)果是forciblecontact強行接觸課IntensiveReadingWords

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsgivenintheboxes.1IntensiveReadingladderlethaltrenchcompressoccupational1Mostpesticidesare_____________toearthwormsonornearthesurface.2

Becausethereislesswatertomovethrough,themassiveamountofenergyis_____________.3Backproblemsarea(n)_____________hazardforanydesk-boundofficeworker.4Workersduga(n)_____________forgaslines.5Iwashedupandclimbedthe_____________totheattic.lethalcompressedoccupationaltrenchladderIntensiveReadingGrammarMakethefollowingadjectivesnegativeinmeaningbychoosingthecorrectprefix.Writethenegativewordsinthecorrespondingcolumns.2logicalvisiblepropersafeguardedmovableadequatelegalrationalregularin-———il-———im-———ir-———un-———inadequateinvisibleillogicalillegalimproperimmovableirrationalirregularunsafeunguardedIntensiveReadingWordFormation英語中有多個否定前綴，可以加在形容詞前，表示“不，無，非”。1.in-：用在大多數(shù)單詞前，il-/im-/ir-都是它的變體；2.il-：用在字母l開頭的單詞前；3.im-：用在字母b/m/p開頭的單詞前；4.ir-：用在字母r開頭的單詞前；5.un-也可加在形容詞前，表示“否定，缺乏或相反”之意。此外，它們也可用于構(gòu)成名詞、動詞和副詞。GrammarMakethefollowingadjectivesnegativeinmeaningbychoosingthecorrectprefix.Writethenegativewordsinthecorrespondingcolumns.2IntensiveReadingReadingstrategyReadthetextandchoosethebestsubheadingforParagraphs2–5.Youcanwritethelettersonthelines.3AStruck-byhazardsBCaught-inor-betweenhazardsCFallhazardsDElectricalhazardsKey:1-C

2-B3-A4-DIntensiveReadingReadingStrategy連詞法（conjunction）是連接重點詞語、歸納段意的方法。用連詞法概括段意需注意，所選詞語要準確，以確保串聯(lián)起來能反映段落的主要內(nèi)容。ReadingstrategyReadthetextandchoosethebestsubheadingforParagraphs2–5.Youcanwritethelettersonthelines.3ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswer.4IntensiveReading1

__________aretheleadingcauseofinjuryanddeathatconstructionsites.A.FallhazardsB.Caught-inor-betweenhazardsC.Struck-byhazardsD.Electricalhazards2

Ifworkerslosetheirbalance,whatmayhappen?A.Theywilllosetheirbodysupport.B.Theymayfallandgetinjured.C.Theywillgetanelectricshock.D.Unprotectedroofedgesmayleadtothissituation.√√ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswer.4IntensiveReading3

Electricalhazardsarecausedwhen__________.A.aworkercomesintocontactwiththetransformerB.apersonisexposedtoalimitedamountofelectricenergyC.apersonishitbyaflyingobjectD.apersoniscaughtandsqueezedbetweentwoobjects4

HowcanweavoidtheFocusFourHazards?A.Maintainasafedistancefromhazardousequipment.B.WearappropriatePPE.C.Followsafeworkprocedures.D.Alloftheabove.√√ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswer.4IntensiveReading5

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?A.TheFocusFourHazardsareresponsibleforthemajorityofinjuriesandfatalitiesinconstruction.B.Unguardedmovingmachineryandunprotectedexcavationsandtrencheswillleadtostruck-byhazards.C.Struck-byhazardscanbecausedbyrollingobjects,suchasacranecollapsing.D.UnderstandingtheFocusFourHazardsandwaystoavoidthemhelpstoreducethenumberofinjuriesandfatalities.√IntensiveReading課文譯文根據(jù)美國職業(yè)安全與健康管理局（OSHA）的統(tǒng)計，建筑業(yè)的大部分傷亡事故都是由四種危險造成的，這四種危險被稱為“四種重點危險”。任何可能導(dǎo)致工人失去平衡或失去身體支撐并可能導(dǎo)致墜落的情況都被視為墜落危險。這類危險的例子包括無保護的屋頂邊緣、不適當?shù)哪_手架結(jié)構(gòu)和不安全的梯子。事實上，高處墜落仍然是建筑工地造成人員傷亡的主要原因。當人在兩個或兩個以上物體或物體部件之間被夾住、擠壓時，就會發(fā)生這種危險。無防護的移動機械、無防護的挖掘和壕溝，以及在移動材料和不動結(jié)構(gòu)、車輛或設(shè)備之間工作都屬于此類危險。四種重點危險課IntensiveReading課文譯文被物體或設(shè)備強行接觸或撞擊是另一類危險。這種危險可能是由飛行、墜落、擺動或滾動的物體造成的，如起重機倒塌、工具從高處掉落、索具不足導(dǎo)致貨物掉落。當人暴露在致命的電能下時，就會發(fā)生此類危險。例如，工人打開變壓器區(qū)域的閘門，接觸到變壓器，導(dǎo)致觸電。應(yīng)采取多項措施來避免"重點四種危險"，例如遵循安全工作程序、穿戴適當?shù)膫€人防護設(shè)備以及與危險設(shè)備保持安全距離。工人必須了解這些危險，并學會如何避免它們，從而減少傷亡，創(chuàng)造更安全的工作環(huán)境。課123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaExtensiveReadingConstructionsiteaccidentsarecommon,butthemajorityofthetime,theyaresoeasilyavoidable.Constructioncanbeandshouldbeasafeoccupation.Workersmustbeawareofthehazardsandtakeeffectiveactiontoavoidthem.Herearesomespecificwaysforconstructionmanagersandworkerstopreventaccidentsonaconstructionsite.RecognizethehazardsandmakeaplanBeforetheexecutionofaprojectstarts,thesiteshouldbeinspectedforanyunusualhazards.Ariskassessmentcanprotecttheworkers.Aftertheriskassessmentischecked,alistofpreventivemeasuresshouldbemadeandimplemented.Itisimportanttoensurethatallworkersreceiveappropriateinformation.Howtopreventconstructionsiteaccidents譯ExtensiveReadingProvidesafetytrainingforallworkersManagersarerequiredtoeducateworkersonallworkplacesafetystandardsandthehazardsthattheymayfacewhileonthejob.Workershavetoreviewthehealthandsafetypoliciesforeachjobtheyarecalledtodoonthesite.Besides,theyshouldneverhandleoroperateanyequipmenttheyarenotqualifiedortrainedtouse.HoldfrequentcrewsafetymeetingsInsomeworkplaces,safetymeetingsshouldbehelddaily,forexample,ifhigh-riskworkisbeingdone.Workersshouldberemindedtostayfocusedandrelevantissuesshouldbeaddressed.Real-lifeandfactualsafetyinformationtendstomotivateworkersmoreeffectively.譯ExtensiveReadingUtilizeprotectiveclothingandgearWorkersshouldalwaysweartherecommendedsafetyequipmentwhileperformingtheirjobs.Suchequipmentmayincludeahardhat,high-visibilityclothing,goggles,gloves,steel-toedshoes,andaprotectivesuit.Insummer,outdoorworkersneedwide-brimhardhats,napeprotectors,andlong-sleevelightweightshirtstoprotectthemfromthesun’srays.KeeptheworkplacecleanKeepingworkareascleanandfreeofdebriswilllessenthechancesofworkers’injuriesandhelptopreventaccidentssuchasslips,trips,andfalls.Workersshouldstoretoolsandmaterialswhenthey’vefinishedajob.Walkwaysshouldalsobekeptclearofdebristopreventaccidents.譯ExtensiveReading7MaintaintheequipmentandtoolsBeforeusinganyheavyequipmentormachinery,workersmustensureitisinproperworkingorder.Toolsandmachineryshouldberegularlyinspectedandcalibrated.Brokenpartsandmalfunctioninggearcanalsocauseseriousinjuriesanddeaths.Thesehazardsshouldbeavoided.譯

Words&Phrasesexecution

n.實施；執(zhí)行implement

v.執(zhí)行；實施visibility

n.可見性；明顯性goggles

n.護目鏡brim

n.帽檐；帽邊nape

n.脖頸；項背lightweight

adj.（服裝或布料）輕的，薄的debris

n.廢棄物；殘渣calibrate

v.校準（測量儀器的）刻度malfunction

v.（機器）出現(xiàn)故障，失靈PhrasesExtensiveReadingWordstakeaction采取行動tendto易于做某事；往往會發(fā)生某事protectfrom保護······免受keepsthclearofsth使······清除某物課ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextandpointoutthepotentialdangersinthefollowingparagraphbasedonyourunderstandingofit.1ExtensiveReadingFrank,aconstructionworker,hadabadexperienceofworkinginanunsafeenvironmentwhereworkhadbeentoohastilystarted.Ithadbeenunbearablyhotforseveralweeks,sosomeworkersrolleduptheirsleevesandtookofftheirhardhatswhileworkingonthescaffold.Theconstructionsitewasrathermessywithtoolslikewrenchesandclampslitteringtheground.Onecementmixermadeastrangenoisewheneveritwasoperated.Frank’scolleaguewarnedhimthatsomegearsofthatmachinemightbewornout,butnooneknewexactlywhattheproblemwasbecausenoonehadcheckeditthoroughly.Fortunately,therelevantdepartmentreceivedcallscomplainingabouttheseissuesandaskedthecompanytosuspendtheprojectuntilthesafetyproblemswerefixed.DiscussionBrainstormsomeotherwaystopreventconstructionsiteaccidentswithyourpartner.2ExtensiveReading如何預(yù)防建筑工地事故課ExtensiveReading課文譯文建筑工地事故屢見不鮮，但大多數(shù)情況下，這些事故都是很容易避免的。建筑業(yè)可以也應(yīng)該是一種安全的職業(yè)。工人們必須意識到危險，并采取有效措施加以避免。以下是建筑管理人員和工人預(yù)防建筑工地事故的一些具體方法。識別危險并制定計劃在項目開始實施之前，應(yīng)檢查工地是否存在異常危險。風險評估可以保護工人。檢查完風險評估后，應(yīng)制定并實施一份預(yù)防措施清單。必須確保所有工人都能獲得適當?shù)男畔ⅰxtensiveReading課文譯文課為所有工人提供安全培訓(xùn)管理人員必須向工人講解所有工作場所安全標準以及他們在工作中可能面臨的危險。工人們必須檢查他們被要求在現(xiàn)場做的每一項工作的健康和安全政策。此外，他們絕不能處理或操作任何他們沒有資格使用或沒有經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的設(shè)備。經(jīng)常召開班組安全會議在某些工作場所，如在進行高風險工作時，應(yīng)每天召開安全會議。應(yīng)提醒工人保持注意力集中，并討論相關(guān)問題。真實的安全信息往往能更有效地激勵工人。ExtensiveReading課文譯文課使用防護服和防護裝備工人在工作時應(yīng)始終穿戴推薦的安全裝備。這些裝備可能包括防護帽、高能見度服裝、護目鏡、手套、鋼趾鞋和防護服。在夏季，戶外工作者需要戴寬邊防護帽、頸部防護罩和輕便的長袖襯衫，以防止曬傷。保持工作場所清潔保持工作區(qū)域清潔、無雜物，可減少工人受傷的機會，并有助于防止滑倒、絆倒和跌倒等事故。工作結(jié)束后，工人應(yīng)將工具和材料存放好。人行道上也應(yīng)保持無雜物，以防發(fā)生意外。ExtensiveReading課文譯文課維護設(shè)備和工具在使用任何重型設(shè)備或機械之前，工人必須確保其處于正常工作狀態(tài)。應(yīng)定期檢查和校準工具和機械。破損的零件和失靈的設(shè)備也會造成嚴重的人員傷亡。應(yīng)避免這些危險。123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaExtraKnowledgeReadthefollowingstepstobetakenafteranaccidentonaconstructionsite.Discusswithyourpartnerhowtoestablishareliableaccidenthandlingsystem.1GetmedicalcareThefirstimportantsteptofollowafteraworksiteinjuryistocheckandtreattheinjuredperson.Eveniftheinjuryseemsminor,amedicalprofessionalshoulddiagnosetheinjurybeforetheinjuredpersonattemptstoreturntowork.2Takenoteofwhere,whenandhowtheaccidentoccurredIftheinjuredpersonisphysicallycapable,makesuretorecordthesignificantaspectsoftheaccident,includingthetime,placeandpotentialcause.Theserecordsmaybeusedlaterasevidence.3ReporttheinjuryTheinjuredpersonshouldreporttohisorhersupervisorthedetailsoftheaccidentassoonaspossible.Makesuretorecordthenameandpositionofthepersonwhoistoreceivethereportandthedatewhenthereportissubmitted.4PreserveanyaccidentevidencethatmaybeneededPhotosshouldbetakenoftheinjuredperson’sinjuries,thelocationwheretheaccidenthappenedandtheequipmentortoolsinvolved.Trytopreserveasmuchevidenceaspossible.5Securemedicalreports,documentsandimagesWhengettingmedicalcarefortheinjuredperson,makesurethatallinjuriesarewelldocumented,clearlyrecordedandeasilyaccessible.6ContactanexperiencedlawyerForcasesofinjury,it’sadvisedthattheinjuredpersonsecureastrongclaimforcompensationbenefitsorpersonalinjurydamages,andretainlegalrepresentationtohelpbuildandstreamlinetheclaim.123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaReadingintoChinaInancientChina,peoplebuiltwoodenbuildingstoliveandsurvivenaturaldisasters.Theirdes