挑戰(zhàn)練02 閱讀理解(推理判斷題)(解析版)-2020-2021學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)

2020~2021學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)02閱讀理解(推理判斷題)1Procrastinators(拖延癥患者)，takenote:Ifyou’vetriedbuildingself-controlandyou’restillputtingthingsoff,maybeyouneedtotrysomethingdifferent.Onenewapproach:Checkyourmood.Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.Butthepattern,whichresearcherscall“givingintofeelgood,”makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort,saysTimothyPychyl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarletonUniversity.Increasingly,psychologistsandtime-managementconsultantsarefocusingonanewstrategy:helpingprocrastinatorsseehowattemptsatmoodrepairaredestroyingtheireffortsandlearntocontroltheiremotionsinmoreproductiveways.Thenewapproachisbasedonseveralstudiesinthepasttwoyearsshowingthatnegativeemotionscandamageattemptsatself-control.Itfillsagapamongestablishedtime-managementmethods,whichstressbehavioralchangessuchasadoptinganeworganizingsystemordoingexercisestobuildwillpower.Researchershavecomeupwithaplaybookofstrategiestohelpprocrastinatorsturnmoodrepairtotheiradvantage.Somearetried-and-trueclassics:Dr.Pychyladvisesprocrastinatorstojustgetstarted,andmakethedoorstepforgettingstartedquitelow.“Procrastinatorsaremorelikelytoputthetechniquetousewhentheyunderstandhowmoodrepairworks,”saysDr.Pychyl,authorofa2013book,“SolvingtheProcrastinationPuzzle.”Headds,“Arealmotivepowercomesfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.”Healsoadvisesprocrastinatorstopractice“timetravel”—projectingthemselvesintothefuturetoimaginethegoodfeelingstheywillhaveafterfinishingatask,orthebadonestheywillhaveiftheydon’t.Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.ThomasFlintlearnedaboutthetechniquebyreadingresearchonself-control,includingstudiesbyDr.SiroisandDr.Pychyl.Heputittouseafterhisfamilymovedrecentlytoanewhouse.Insteadofbeatinghimselfupforfailingtounpackalltheboxesgatheredinhisgaragerightaway,Mr.Flintdecidedtoforgivehimselfandstartwithasinglestep.I’dsay,"OK,I’mgoingtotakeanhour,withagoalofgettingtheTVsetup,andthat'sit,hesays;thenhewatchedaTVshowasareward.Allowinghimselftodothetaskinstages,hesays,is“avictory.”1.WhatdoesTimothyPychylmeanbymentioningthe“givingintofeelgood”practiceinParagraph2?A.Itprobablydoesmoreharmthangood.B.Itpreventsprocrastinatorsfromgivingup.C.Ithelpsprocrastinatorsmeetthedeadline.D.Iteffectivelydrivesawayanxietyandworry.2.WheredoesarealmotivepowercomefromaccordingtoDr.Pychyl?A.Stickingtoone’sintention.B.Doingthingsthatreallymatter.C.Gettingstartedfromalowdoorstep.D.Learningimportanttechniquesofmoodrepair.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepractice“timetravel”?A.Tomaketheirfutureplanmorepractical.B.Toacceleratethespeedoffinishingthetask.C.Tostoppeoplefromworryingabouttheirtravel.D.Tofreepeoplefromthepresentnegativeemotions.4.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelWohlstudy?A.Self-blamepreventsstudentsfromputtingthingsoff.B.Procrastinatorsarestillabletogetgoodscoresinexams.C.Universityfreshmencangetridofprocrastinationeasily.D.Self-forgivenessisaneffectivewaytocureprocrastination.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了拖延癥患者拖延的原因，以及一些改變它的方法。1.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線部分后面的“makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort”（當(dāng)拖延者面臨錯(cuò)過最后期限或在最后一刻做出努力的后果時(shí)，會(huì)讓他們感覺更糟。）可知，givingintofeelgood是一種不好的情況，它會(huì)讓拖延癥患者感覺更糟糕。再結(jié)合上文的“Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.”（通常，拖延者試圖通過一些旨在修復(fù)情緒的活動(dòng)來避免因艱巨任務(wù)而引起的焦慮或擔(dān)憂，比如查看Facebook或小睡一會(huì)兒。）可推知，劃線部分指的是看起來有好處,但實(shí)則危害更多的活動(dòng)。A項(xiàng)“比起好處來它可能有更多危害”符合以上說法。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Headds,“Arealmotivepowercomesfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.””（他補(bǔ)充說：“真正的動(dòng)力來自于做我們想做的事——對(duì)我們來說很重要的事?！保┛芍琍ychyl認(rèn)為真正的動(dòng)力來源于做對(duì)我們來說真正重要的事。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.”（這治愈了拖拉者陷入當(dāng)前焦慮和憂慮而無法思考未來的傾向。）可知，“時(shí)間旅行”的目的是把人們從現(xiàn)在的消極情緒中解放出來。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.”（另一種情緒修復(fù)策略，自我原諒，旨在消除自責(zé)?？栴D大學(xué)（Carleton）心理學(xué)副教授邁克爾?沃爾（MichaelWohl）最近領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究表明，大學(xué)新生原諒自己在一門課程的第一次考試中拖延時(shí)間，而在下一次考試中拖延時(shí)間較少。）可知，大學(xué)生原諒自己在一門課程的第一次考試拖延后，下一次拖延的時(shí)間更少了。由此推知，自我原諒是治療拖延癥的有效方法。故選D。2TheexactlocationfromwhereVincentvanGoghislikelytohavepaintedhisfinalmasterpiece,perhapsjusthoursbeforehisdeath,hasbeendeterminedwiththehelpofapostcard.ThesceneinTreeRoots,apaintingoftrunks(樹干）androotsgrowingonahillside,wasfirstspottedonacarddatingfrom1900to1910byVanderVeen,thescientificdirectoroftheInstituteVanGogh.

Followingacomparativestudyofthepainting,thepostcardandthecurrentconditionofthehillside,

researchersconcludedthatitwashighlypossiblethattheplacewhereVanGoghmadehisfinal

brushstrokeshadbeenunearthed.Themaintrunkinthepaintinghassurvivedthe130yearssincetheDutchmaster’sdeath.IthaslongbeenbelievedthatVanGoghhadbeenworkingonTreeRootsshortlybeforehetookhisownlifewitha

shottothechest.AndriesBonger,thebrother-in-lawofVanGough'sbrotherTheo,haddescribedina

letterhowthe“morningbeforehisdeath”VanGoghhad“paintedaforestscene,fullofsunandlife”Van

derVeensaid,

t4ThesunlightpaintedbyVanGoghsuggeststhatthelastbrushstrokeswerepaintedtowards

theendoftheafternoon.”TeioMeedendorp,aseniorresearcherattheVanGoghMuseum,saidthespot,some150metersfromthehotelwhereVanGoghhadstayedthelast70daysofhislife,wouldlikelyhavebeenpassedona

numberofoccasionsbyhim.

“Thesceneonthepostcardshowsveryclearsimilaritiestotheshapeofthe

roots

on

VanGogh’spainting,”hesaid.“Hemustoftenhavepassedbythelocationwhengoingtothe

fieldsbehindthecastleofAuvers,wherehepaintedseveraltimesduringthelastweekofhislifeandwhere

hewouldtakehisownlife.”5.WhatisTreeRoots?A.Atrunk.B.Ahillside.C.Adrawing.D.A

postcard.6.WhatdoweknowaboutVanGoghaccordingtothetext?A.Hehadacloserelationshipwithhisbrother.B.Whathedrewinhispaintingsallcamefromreallife.C.Hewasworkingonhisartworkshortlybeforekillinghimself.D.Hewassosickinhislastdaysthathespentallthetimeinahotel.7.WheredidVanGoghkillhimselfaccordingtoTeioMeedendorp?A.Inthefields. B.Inalocalhotel.C.InthecastleofAuvers. D.Inthesceneonthepostcard.8.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberafamouspainter.VanGogh.B.TointroduceVanGogh'slifeandhisworks.C.TodescribetheinfluenceofVanGoghinart.D.TotelltheplaceinVanGogh’slastpainting.【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了專家們通過明信片中的線索發(fā)現(xiàn)了梵高最后一幅畫作《樹根》的實(shí)景地點(diǎn)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThesceneinTreeRoots,apaintingoftrunks(樹干）androotsgrowingonahillside,wasfirstspottedonacarddatingfrom1900to1910byVanderVeen,thescientificdirectoroftheInstituteVanGogh.(TreeRoots里的場(chǎng)景，生長在山坡上的樹干和樹根的一幅畫，首次被梵高研究學(xué)院研究員VanderVeen發(fā)現(xiàn)在大概是來自1900年至1910年代的明信片上)”可知，TreeRoots為一幅畫的名字。故選C。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IthaslongbeenbelievedthatVanGoghhadbeenworkingonTreeRootsshortlybeforehetookhisownlifewithashottothechest.(據(jù)認(rèn)為梵高在朝自己的胸口開了一槍之前一直在畫TreeRoots這幅畫)”可知，他自殺前一直在創(chuàng)作《樹根》。故選C。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話“HemustoftenhavepassedbythelocationwhengoingtothefieldsbehindthecastleofAuvers,wherehepaintedseveraltimesduringthelastweekofhislifeandwherehewouldtakehisownlife.(當(dāng)去城堡后面的田野時(shí)，他肯定經(jīng)常路過這個(gè)地方，在他生命的最后一周，他在那里畫過幾次畫，并在那里結(jié)束了自己的生命)”可知，他在田野里結(jié)束了自己的生命。故選A。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheexactlocationfromwhereVincentvanGoghislikelytohavepaintedhisfinalmasterpiece,perhapsjusthoursbeforehisdeath,hasbeendeterminedwiththehelpofapostcard.(梵高在死前幾個(gè)小時(shí)所作的最后一幅巨作的真實(shí)地點(diǎn)在一張明信片的幫助下被確定了)”以及接下來的內(nèi)容可知，文章的主要目的是告訴讀者梵高最后一幅畫作所繪畫的地點(diǎn)被確定了。故選D。3Father’sDay,aboxybrightredboat,wasdesignedandmadebyHugoVihlen.Ithadnoroomforunnecessarythingsandonlyverylimitedroomforhim.Vihlenoncemadean84-daycrossingoftheAtlanticOceanin1968.Itwasthenthesmallestboattohavemadethejourney.ThesailingboatAprilFoolwas5feetand11incheslong.ButTomMcNallybroketheworldrecordin1993bycrossingtheAtlanticinaboatthatwas5feetand4.5incheslong.Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.ThistimehewasinFather’sDay,hishome-builtboat,whichwashalfaninchshorterthanMcNally’s.Duringhiscrossing,Hugohadtosleeponhisbackwithhiskneesbent.Hewokeeveryhourtocheckhisheadingdirectionandgeneralsailingconditions.AfterfacingeverythingtheAtlanticOceancouldthrowathim,andsomecloseencounterswithlargeships,HugofinallyarrivedinFalmouth105dayslater.Hecouldhardlywalkandhadlost34poundsinweight,buthehadregainedhisrecord.HisreceptiononarrivalinFalmouthwashardlyahero’swelcome.Oneofthewaitingjournalistsfoundhimapizzatoeatwhilehisboatwastakentoalocalsailingboatclub.Whentheyarrivedatthesailingclubforacelebrationtea,theyfoundtheclubdosed.Hefeltapityforthat.Butluckily,amemberofthepublicbroughtabottleofchampagnetotoasthissuccess.9.WhydidHugoVihlencrosstheAtlanticinhisboatin1993?A.Totesthisnewlybuiltboat. B.TomakeFather’sDayfamous.C.Todrawpublicattentiontosailing. D.TobreakTomMcNally’sworldrecord.10.WhatcanwelearnaboutHugoVihlen’scrossingtheAtlanticOcean?A.Ittookhalfayear. B.Itwasverydifficultanduncomfortable.C.ItwasbeyondHugoVihlen’sexpectation. D.ItmadeHugoVihlenseriouslyinjuredafewtimes.11.HowwasHugoVjhlen’sreceptiononarrivalinFalmouth?A.Itattractedagreatdealofmediaattention. B.Itfinallyturnedintoasimplecelebration.C.Itwasarrangedinaseriousway. D.Itwasexactlyahero’swelcome.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThelegendofFather’sDay.B.Anunexpectednewworldrecord.C.CelebrationofHugoVihlen’sgreatachievement.D.HugoVihlen’s’storyofsailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.【答案】9.D10.B11.B12.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了HugoVihlen為了重獲世界記錄，開啟了一次橫渡大西洋的活動(dòng)，講述了他在橫渡時(shí)的經(jīng)歷和他到達(dá)目的地法爾茅斯后的情況。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButTomMcNallybroketheworldrecordin1993bycrossingtheAtlanticinaboatthatwas5feetand4.5incheslong.(但是TomMcNally在1993年打破了這項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄，他駕駛一艘長5英尺4.5英寸的船橫渡大西洋)”以及第三段中“Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.(為了重新獲得這項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄，Hugo在同一年晚些時(shí)候獨(dú)自出發(fā)，從紐芬蘭橫渡大西洋到法爾茅斯)”可知，HugoVihlen在1993年乘船橫渡大西洋是為了打破TomMcNally的世界紀(jì)錄。故選D。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Duringhiscrossing,Hugohadtosleeponhisbackwithhiskneesbent.Hewokeeveryhourtocheckhisheadingdirectionandgeneralsailingconditions.AfterfacingeverythingtheAtlanticOceancouldthrowathim,andsomecloseencounterswithlargeships,HugofinallyarrivedinFalmouth105dayslater.Hecouldhardlywalkandhadlost34poundsinweight,buthehadregainedhisrecord.(橫渡時(shí)，Hugo只好彎著膝蓋平躺著睡覺。他每小時(shí)醒來一次，檢查航向和總體航行情況。在面對(duì)了大西洋可能拋給他的一切，以及幾次與大型船只的近距離接觸后，Hugo終于在105天后抵達(dá)法爾茅斯。他幾乎無法行走，體重下降了34磅，但他又再次獲得紀(jì)錄)”可知，HugoVihlen穿越大西洋非常困難和不舒服。故選B。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“HisreceptiononarrivalinFalmouthwashardlyahero’swelcome.Oneofthewaitingjournalistsfoundhimapizzatoeatwhilehisboatwastakentoalocalsailingboatclub.Whentheyarrivedatthesailingclubforacelebrationtea,theyfoundtheclubdosed.Hefeltapityforthat.Butluckily,amemberofthepublicbroughtabottleofchampagnetotoasthissuccess.(他在抵達(dá)法爾茅斯時(shí)受到的接待很難說是英雄般的歡迎。一位等待的記者給他找了一份比薩餅吃，而他的船則被帶到了當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€(gè)帆船俱樂部。當(dāng)他們到達(dá)帆船俱樂部喝慶祝茶時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)俱樂部里的人都喝醉了。他為此感到很可惜。但幸運(yùn)的是，一位市民帶來了一瓶香檳酒，為他的成功慶祝)”可知，HugoVihlen到達(dá)法爾茅斯時(shí)，接待最后變成了一個(gè)簡單的慶祝活動(dòng)。故選B。12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.(為了重新獲得這項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄，Hugo在同一年晚些時(shí)候獨(dú)自出發(fā)，從紐芬蘭橫渡大西洋到法爾茅斯)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了HugoVihlen為了重獲世界記錄，開啟了一次橫渡大西洋的活動(dòng)，講述了他在橫渡時(shí)的經(jīng)歷和他到達(dá)目的地法爾茅斯后的情況。可知，文章主要講的是HugoVihlen橫渡大西洋的故事。故選D。4Digitaltechnology（數(shù)字技術(shù)）hasmadelifeeasierformostpeople.Withasmartphoneinhand,peoplecanshoponline,watchTVshowsandarrangeataxi.ZhuYiwei,17,fromAnhuiprovince,wantedhisgrandfathertohaveaccesstothisconvenience,soheboughthimanewphoneasagift.Buthisgrandfatherstillusesthephonejustforcallingandmessaging.“Hesaidotherfunctionsmakehimconfused,”saidZhu.Thisisacommonproblemfacedbytheelderlyinthedigitalage.AlthoughChinaalreadyhasmorethan900millioninternetusers,amongthem,thoseaged60andabovemakeupjust6.7percent,accordingtotheStatisticalReportonInternetDevelopment.Eventhoughtheelderlyhaveaccesstotheinternet,theymainlydoitforcommunicationandinformationacquisition（獲?。?，accordingtoasurveybytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Otherservicesarestillstrangetothem.That’swhyelderlypeoplearesometimescalled“digitalrefugees（難民）”.Forexample,sincetheCOVID-19pandemic,peopleareoftenaskedtoshowagreenhealthcodeontheirphonetogetintopublicplaces.Butmostelderlypeopledon'tusesmartphones.Eveniftheyhaveone,manydon'tknowhowtooperateit,People'sDailynoted.“Wehavemadealifelongcontributiontosociety,butnowwefeelabandonedbyit,”a75-year-oldBeijingresidentsurnamedBaitoldtheGlobalTimes.Fortheelderly,onewayofmasteringdigitaltechnologyistolearnfromyoungerfamilymembers.However,notalloftheseyoungerpeoplehavethepatienceortimetoteachtheelderly.Inaddition,agingresultsinmanyphysicalproblems,suchasweakeyesightandbadmemory.Thismakesithardertousesmartphones.ThegovernmentandotherorganizationsinChinaaretryingtohelp.SeeYoung,aBeijing-basedNGO,aimstohelpChina'selderlyusemobileservices.Studentvolunteershavebeenprovidingfreecomputerandsmartphonetrainingforelderlypeopleinover200communitiesacrossthecountry.ZhaoJingchuan,17,fromXi'anGaoxinNo1HighSchool,andhisteammembersalsotriedtohelp.Thisyear,theirdraftproposal（草擬提案）wasbroughttothetwosessions.Theysuggestedmorewaystohelpintroducethetechnologytotheoldergeneration,includingsendingmanuals(手冊(cè)），offeringtechnicalsupport,andcybersecurity(網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全）education.13.WhyisZhuYiwei'sexamplementionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Topraisehimforcaringfortheelderly.B.Toshowhowtheelderlyusephones.C.Totellabouthowtheyoungandtheelderlygetalong.D.Topresentthetopicofthedifficultieselderlypeoplefaceinthedigitalage.14.Elderlypeoplearesometimescalled“digitalrefugees”because________.A.theyhardlyhaveopportunitiestousetheinternetB.theyhavetroubleusingdigitaltechnologyC.theyareunwillingtousenewtechnologyD.theydon'thavesuitabledigitalproducts15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandoned”probablymean?A.Attacked.B.Defeated.C.Leftbehind.D.Heldback.16.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Theexpectationsoftheelderlyinthedigitalage.B.Theadvantagesofdigitaltechnologyfortheelderly.C.Theeffortsmadetohelptheelderlyusetechnology.D.Thehelpyoungpeopleprovidedfortheelderly.【答案】13.D14.B15.C16.C【解析】本文為說明文。介紹了數(shù)字技術(shù)使大多數(shù)人的生活更容易了，但大多數(shù)老年人不會(huì)使用智能手機(jī)，針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)狀，政府、組織和個(gè)人都在為幫助老年人使用科技積極努力。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ZhuYiwei,…boughthimanewphoneasagift.Buthisgrandfatherstillusesthephonejustforcallingandmessaging.“Hesaidotherfunctionsmakehimconfused,”saidZhu.(17歲的朱一偉…給爺爺買了一部新手機(jī)作為禮物。但他的爺爺仍然只是用它來打電話和發(fā)短信。他說，別的功能讓他感到困惑)”可知，朱一偉為爺爺買了一部新手機(jī)，但是爺爺仍然只是用手機(jī)打電話和發(fā)短信，其他功能讓他感到困惑，所以該例子旨在提出老年人在使用智能手機(jī)上所面臨的困難，并引起下文，故選D。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“EventhoughtheelderlyhaveaccesstotheInternet,theymainlydoitforcommunicationandinformationacquisition,accordingtoasurveybytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Otherservicesarestillstrangetothem.(據(jù)中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，盡管老年人可以上網(wǎng)，但他們上網(wǎng)主要是為了交流和獲取信息。其他服務(wù)對(duì)他們來說仍然是陌生的)”可知，老年人有時(shí)被稱為“數(shù)字難民”，是因?yàn)槔先松暇W(wǎng)除了交流和獲取信息之外，他們?cè)谑褂脭?shù)字技術(shù)方面有困難，故選B。15.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一段“Butmostelderlypeopledon'tusesmartphones.Eveniftheyhaveone,manydon'tknowhowtooperateit,People'sDailynoted.”可知，許多老年人不用智能手機(jī)，即使有，也不知道如何使用。以及本詞所在句“Wehavemadealifelongcontributiontosociety,butnowwefeelabandonedbyit”可知，對(duì)社會(huì)做出了一生的貢獻(xiàn)，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，結(jié)合上文提到的老年人無法使用智能手機(jī)，故可以推出，他們感覺自己被社會(huì)遺棄了，相當(dāng)于leftbehind，故選C。16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThegovernmentandotherorganizationsinChinaaretryingtohelp(在中國，政府和其他組織正在努力提供幫助).”和最后一段“ZhaoJingchuan,17,fromXi’anGaoxinNo1HighSchool,andhisteammembersalsotriedtohelp(來自西安高新一中17歲的趙景川(音譯)和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員也試圖提供幫助).”可知，最后兩段介紹了政府、其他組織和個(gè)人為幫助老年人使用科技所做出的努力，故選C。5Arecentstudysuggeststhere'snothingsoftaboutpink,asitisrevealedthatthepinkestflamingosarethetoughest.PublishedintheJournalEthology,arecentstudyfoundthatapinkcoloroffeatherswasagoodindicatorofhowaggressiveabirdwaswhenfeeding,aswellasasignofgoodhealthorasignalthatthebirdwasreadytobreed(繁育）.Forthestudy,researchersobservedthebehaviorofflamingosindifferentfeedingsituations,rangingfromsmallindoorspacestolargeoutdoorspaces,withorwithoutapool.Theyfoundthatcomparedtoindoorbirdscompetingforfoodfromabowl,theoutdoor-raisedflamingosspenttwiceasmuchastimesearchingforfood,sotheyhadlesstimetoshowaggressivebehaviors.Interestingly,theirfindingsalsorevealedthatwhentheraceforfoodturnedhot,thebirdsmostlikelytoappealtoarmswerethepinkest,whethertheyweremaleorfemale.“Thecolorofflamingoscomesfromtheirfood,morespecifically,fromthealgae(藻類）thattheyabsorbfromwater.Sothemorefoodtheyhave,thepinkerthebirdsare,”saidDr.PaulRose,fromtheUniversityofExeter,inastatement.“Flamingosliveinlargegroupswithcomplexstructures,inwhichcolorplaysanimportantrole.”Flamingosdon'thaveabreedingseason.Instead,theybreedwhentheyarehealthyenoughtodoso.Theirhealthisindicatedbythecolorofthefeathers,whichispinkerintheirprimeandpalerwhentheyweak.So,thesignalthatabirdisreadytobreedisdescribedasapinkflushinitsfeathers,whichgoesawaywhenthebirdparentsachickoralreadypassesitsbestreproductivetime.Ahealthypinkflamingowillhavemoretimeandenergytobeaggressiveanddominantwhenfeeding.Whenbirdshavetocrowdtogethertogettheirfood,theyfightmoreandthereforespendlesstimefeeding,leadingtothefadingcolorofflamingosthatarealreadyweak.“Andthisdefinitelyisunfavorablefortheirreproduction,”Rosesaid.Theresearchprovidesadirectionforzoostofeedtheirflamingosandkeepthemcontentandcolorful.Thatis,ensurecaptivebirdsarefedinawidespace,ascrowdedconditionsaremorelikelytoresultinfights.“Basedonmyobservations,Isuggestedsomechanges.Andthekeeperswerewillingtotrythemout.Asaresult,we'vegotpinker,morerelaxedflamingos,"saidDr.Rose.17.What'sthepurposeoftheauthorbywritingParagraph1?A.Toproposeanexample.B.Tomakeanargument.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Tointroducethetopic.18.Whichaspectofflamingosdidtheresearchersfocuson?A.Healthcondition.B.Socialstructures.C.Feedingactivities.D.Breedingactivities.19.Whatcanweinferabouttheflamingos'group?A.Bodysizedeterminesstatus.B.Familyistakenasabasicunit.C.Healthyflamingoscontrolthewholegroup.D.Pinkerflamingosenjoyabreedingadvantage.20.WhichmeasureofraisingflamingoswillDr.Rosesupport?A.Enlargingtheraisingspace.B.Raisingallflamingosindoors.C.Limitingthepopulationofagroup.D.Increasingthefrequencyofprovidingfood.【答案】17.D18.C19.D20.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章指出，一項(xiàng)研究表明火烈鳥羽毛的粉色程度能表明其進(jìn)食時(shí)的侵略性，也能顯示出其健康狀況和繁育狀態(tài)。17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“PublishedintheJournalEthology,arecentstudyfoundthatapinkcoloroffeatherswasagoodindicatorofhowaggressiveabirdwaswhenfeeding,aswellasasignofgoodhealthorasignalthatthebirdwasreadytobreed(繁育）.”可知，文章第一段指出，近期的一項(xiàng)研究表明火烈鳥羽毛的粉色程度能表明其進(jìn)食時(shí)的侵略性以及健康狀況和繁育狀態(tài)，后文都是圍繞這一話題展開詳細(xì)闡述，顯然第一段的作用就是引出主題。故選D項(xiàng)。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forthestudy,researchersobservedthebehaviorofflamingosindifferentfeedingsituations,rangingfromsmallindoorspacestolargeoutdoorspaces,withorwithoutapool.”(在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員觀察了火烈鳥在不同的進(jìn)食環(huán)境下的行為，從小的室內(nèi)空間到大的室外空間，有或沒有游泳池。)可知，該項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員主要是觀察不同環(huán)境下火烈鳥的進(jìn)食行為，與C選項(xiàng)相符。故選C項(xiàng)。19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“So,thesignalthatabirdisreadytobreedisdescribedasapinkflushinitsfeathers,whichgoesawaywhenthebirdparentsachickoralreadypassesitsbestreproductivetime.”(所以，火烈鳥準(zhǔn)備繁殖的信號(hào)是它羽毛上的粉紅色，當(dāng)它養(yǎng)育幼鳥或已經(jīng)經(jīng)過了最好的繁殖時(shí)間時(shí)，粉色就消失了。)可知，火烈鳥羽毛的粉色程度可以表明其是否適于進(jìn)行繁育，與D選項(xiàng)“（羽毛）更粉的火烈鳥在繁育中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)”表達(dá)的含義邏輯上是相符的。故選D項(xiàng)。20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thatis,ensurecaptivebirdsarefedinawidespace,ascrowdedconditionsaremorelikelytoresultinfights.”(也就是說，要確保圈養(yǎng)的火烈鳥在一個(gè)廣闊的空間里喂食，因?yàn)閾頂D的環(huán)境更容易導(dǎo)致打架)可知，該項(xiàng)研究能提供給動(dòng)物園的參考是，保證火烈鳥的飼養(yǎng)區(qū)域范圍足夠?qū)拸V，這應(yīng)該正是Dr.Rose給出的建議內(nèi)容，與A選項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大飼養(yǎng)空間”相符。故選A項(xiàng)。6Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyears,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.Butwhilethismayseemlikeagreatstepforwardinscience,somealsobelievethatit’sonestepbackwhenitcomestoethics(道德準(zhǔn)則).InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突變)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.ThiswasdonewiththehelpofCRISPR,agene-editingtoolthatallowsscientiststo“cutandpaste”humanDNA.Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,theadvantagesofgeneeditinghavealreadybeentestedinlivingpatients.In2015,afive-month-oldgirlfromtheUKwassavedafterdoctorsusededitedcellstofightoffhercancer.Asoftoday,she’saliveandwell.AndintheUSAlastyear,scientistsmanagedtoremoveHIVcellsfromseveralpatientsbyeditingthegenesinsidetheirbodies.Somepeoplehopethatinthefuture,diseasesorbirthdefectscouldsimplybe"editedout”.However,othersbelievethiscouldleadtoso-calleddesignerbabies,givingparentstheoptiontochooseeverythingfromeyecolortointelligence.“Youcouldfindwealthyparentsbuyingthelatest“upgrades”fortheirchildren,leadingtoevengreaterinequalitythanwealreadylivewith,”MarcyCamovsky,directoroftheSanFranciscoCenterforGenetics,toldBBCNews.Inspiteoftheseethicalconcerns,expertssayit’snotpossibletocreatethe“perfect”humanbeing.Despitetheprogressscientistshavemade,wedon’tunderstandhumangenesenoughtogiveallunbornchildrengreatbrainpoweroramazingsingingabilities.“Rightnow,weknownothingaboutgeneticenhancement,”HankGreely,adirectoratStanfordUniversity,USA,toldTheNewYorkTimes.“We’renevergoingtobeabletosay,honestly,thisembryolookslikeitwouldscorehighonthetwo-partSAT.”Soitlookslikeifwewantgoodexamresults,ortoimpresspeoplewithourpianoskills,we’llhavetostickwiththeoldfashionedmethodofplainhardwork---atleastfornow.21.Theunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph1probablymeans________.A.record B.change C.remove D.increase22.Whatwasthefirstsuccessfulexampleofhumanembryogeneediting?A.Ageneticmutationrelatedtoheartdiseasewasremovedbyscientists.B.Anewbornbabywithcancerwassavedbyeditedcells.C.HIVcellswereremovedfrompatients9bodies.D.Somebirthdefectsweresimplyeditedout.23.Whydosomepeopleconsiderhumangeneeditingastepbackwards?A.Theydon’tthinkitisaneffectivewaytofightdiseases.B.Theyareconcernedthatitcouldleadtogeneticmutations.C.Theythinkitcouldleadtodesignerbabiesandincreasedinequality.D.Theyworrythatitcouldmakeparentsabandonchildrenwithbirthdefects.24.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Geneeditingisregardedastheperfectwaytotreatbirthdefects.B.Thereisstillalongwaytogotofullyunderstandhumangenes.C.Geneeditingcouldhelpenhancehumanintelligenceinthenearfuture.D.Scientistsarepessimistic(悲觀的)aboutthefutureofgeneediting.【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家們多年來一直試圖找出如何改變?nèi)祟惖幕?，來自美國和韓國的科學(xué)家合作成功地編輯了一個(gè)人類胚胎，雖然這看起來是科學(xué)上的一大進(jìn)步，但也有人認(rèn)為，在倫理上，這是倒退了一步。我們對(duì)人類基因的了解，還需要不斷探索。21.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突變)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.(據(jù)英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，今年8月，一組來自美國和韓國的科學(xué)家合作成功地編輯了一個(gè)人類胚胎，并移除了一個(gè)可能導(dǎo)致心臟病的基因突變)”可知，科學(xué)家可以編輯并改變?nèi)祟惻咛セ?。再根?jù)本段劃線句子“Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyears,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.(科學(xué)家們多年來一直試圖找出如何alter人類的基因，看來他們終于破解了密碼)”可知，科學(xué)家一直試圖“改變”人類的基因，終于破解了密碼，在人類胚胎基因上取得突破，由此可知?jiǎng)澗€詞詞義為“改變”。故選B。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突變)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.(據(jù)英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，今年8月，一組來自美國和韓國的科學(xué)家合作成功地編輯了一個(gè)人類胚胎，并移除了一個(gè)可能導(dǎo)致心臟病的基因突變)”以及第二段中“Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,theadvantagesofgeneeditinghavealreadybeen