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91

語(yǔ)

[

一一般現(xiàn)一

過現(xiàn)

進(jìn)過

進(jìn)

X

現(xiàn)

)

(

將上過

將在去行行成成來(lái)來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)時(shí)時(shí)

時(shí)

時(shí)

時(shí)時(shí)一

現(xiàn)

時(shí)

二一

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

:概

經(jīng)

、

復(fù)

發(fā)

動(dòng)作

現(xiàn)

,

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

:always,usually,often,sometimes,every

week<day,year,month…>,once

a

week,on

Sundays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②

行為動(dòng)詞不

形式

a

m

/is

ra-not一什么情況下用?①

表示經(jīng)?;?/p>

習(xí)

慣性

的動(dòng)作或存

在的狀態(tài).②表示主語(yǔ)通常的能力、

趣愛好、和性格特征.③表示客觀的

事實(shí)或真理.④表示按照時(shí)刻表或已

經(jīng)

計(jì)

好的

來(lái)

.

是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,take

off,stop,be等

表示

動(dòng)

意義的詞.⑤在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件

狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)≤will+動(dòng)詞原形>,從句中用一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)表將來(lái).〔主將從現(xiàn)當(dāng)

語(yǔ)

稱時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第

數(shù)

式加

-s/es.

除此

之外

都用

動(dòng)

.>=動(dòng)

數(shù)形

規(guī)

則規(guī)

則例

子一

-

s

,

(

/

s

/

,Play→plays在

/

z

/

;

t

/

t

s

/

,leave→leaves在

d

/

d

z

/

。

)swim→swimspass

→passes以

s

,

x

,

c

h

,

s

h

,

o

結(jié)

-

e

s

,fix→fixes讀

/

i

z

/

,

動(dòng)

e

,

則teach→teaches只

-

s

。wish→wishesdo→does以

y

結(jié)

詞,

y

i

,

-

e

s

,

/

z

/study→studiescarry->carriesfly→flies1.

He

<be,am,is,re>ateacheratNo.2MiddleSchool.2.He

<have,hasclasses

inthe

afternoon.3.He

<get,gets>up

at

half

past

six

every

morning.4.He

always

<come,comes>to

school

ontime.5.He

<study,studies>very

hard

at

his

lesson.

6.One

and

two

<be,tare>three.7.Blue

and

yellow

<make,makes>green.8.Theearth

<move,moveroundthesun.9.I

will

go

there

ifI

<be,will

be,an

,are>free

tomorrow.10.IwillgotherewhenI

.

<have,wil

e,

has>timetomorrow.11.He

won'tcome

to

the

party

unless

he

<be,will

be,am,is,are>invited.12.I’ll

wait

here

until

my

mother

<come,

e

retu

om√e

to

the

library

as

soonas

you.

<finish,finishes,willfinish>readingit.14.Once

you

<see,sees,will

see>him,youwillneverforgethinbookback.tcleass,willPme3o1c一般過去時(shí)概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀忍

過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

ago,yesterday,the

day

beforeyesterday,lastweek<year,night,month…>,in

1989,just

now,at

the

age

of5,one

day,longongago,once

upona

time,etc.爆

本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞

前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞.一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②用

助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did

提問,同時(shí)還原行為謂

語(yǔ)

動(dòng)

使用

,加

ed,

規(guī)

規(guī)

。

經(jīng)

發(fā)

動(dòng)作,

用“used

to

do

”和

“would

+動(dòng)詞原形”。構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子一

動(dòng)

-

e

d

,(

清輔音

/

t

/;

在濁

讀/d/;在/t/,/d/后讀/id/。look→lookedplay→playedwork→worked結(jié)

e的

動(dòng)

-

dlike→likedlive→livedhope→hoped末尾只

個(gè)

母的重

讀閉

音節(jié),

個(gè)

母,

-

e

dplan→plannedstop→stoppeddrop→dropped結(jié)尾是

“輔

+

y”

的動(dòng)詞,先變

y

i

-

edstudy→studiedworry→worriedcry→cried1.He

<be,wa

were,been>hereamomentago.2.They

<be,was,were,boen>here

justhow.3.The

scientists

<leave,leaves,leaved,

left>for

America

yesterday.4.Last

week

we

<visit,visited

>theSciedeMuseum.5.When

I

was

a

child,I

often

<play,played>football

√6.Thestudents

ran

out

ofthe

classroom

assoon

as

the

bell

<ring,rang,rung>.作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作〔情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài).1.概念:

表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行

動(dòng)

.2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

Now,atthistime,days,look.

fsten等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+be+doing+

其他4.

否定形式:主語(yǔ)+be+not+doing+

其他

5.一般疑問句:

把be動(dòng)詞放于句首.6.

:現(xiàn)

進(jìn)

時(shí)

示1>

、

現(xiàn)

說(shuō)

進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)"此時(shí)比刻"

.E.g.He

is

reading.Theyaretalking

now.2>、

當(dāng)

時(shí)

內(nèi)

動(dòng)

現(xiàn)

進(jìn)

動(dòng)

.days.的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再

-ing.E.ghave

write、

.以

節(jié)

只有

個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞一

動(dòng)

-,E.g.jump以

發(fā)

母e結(jié)

尾現(xiàn)

有1

>、ing2

>、1.I

<write,am

writi

s

writing,arewriting>a

letter

now.2.Look,it

<begin,is

beginnin

nbeginning,are

beginning>to

rain.3.They

<study,isstudying,am

studying,are

studying>memdne

at

the

Medical

Instituteof

Chengde

these

days.4.He

_<teach,am

teaching,is

teaching,are

teaching>an

English

lesson

at

this

time.卡講

1.概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正

在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作.2.時(shí)間狀

語(yǔ)

:atthistimeyesterday,at

thattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去

時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等.3基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+was/were

+doing+其他4

.

否定

主語(yǔ)+was/were

+not+

doing+

他5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首.<

個(gè)字

母大寫其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與過去某一特定時(shí)

間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如

lastnight,atthat

time,atnoonyesterday,lastSunday等

.

時(shí)

時(shí)

語(yǔ)

,

上下

來(lái)

進(jìn)

時(shí)

.1.I

<cook,cooked,was

cookiagverecooking>breakfastwhenyou

arrived.2.What

you

<do,did,was.doing,were…doing>atthisyesterday

evening?3.We

<have,arehaving,had,werehaving>dinner

when

the

doorbell

rang.4.While/When/Aswe

<have,had,arehaving,were

having>dinner,the

doorbell

rang.

構(gòu)成:①will,shall+動(dòng)詞原形,其中shall只用于

第一人稱.②begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形,表示主

觀打算,按計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事情.③beto+動(dòng)詞原形,表示客觀安排

beaboutto+不定式,意為馬上要做某事,正要做某事.⑤

某些動(dòng)詞,可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái),如come,go,

antive,leave.⑥在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)

,

來(lái)

時(shí)<will+

動(dòng)

>,從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).⑦一般現(xiàn)在

時(shí)可

表示按時(shí)間表發(fā)生的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作<限tart,begin,arrive,end,close,leave---開始或移動(dòng)意義的詞>等

示時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ):Tomorrow,nextday<week,month,year…>,soon,in

a

few

minutes,

by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are

not

going

to

do;

語(yǔ)

+will/shallnot

do+其

他一般疑問句:

be放于句首;

will/shall提到句首.

e-g.She

will

be

back

in

three

days.Shewillnotbebackinthree

days.WilShebebackin

three

days?Theyaregoingtocleantheir

classroom.They

arenotgoingtocleantheir

classroom.Aretheygoingtocleantheirclassroom?1

you

adoctor

when

yougrow

up?C

Are;/DWill;be

2I

don'

t

know

if

his

uncle

.I

think

he

if

it

doesn'train.A

will

come;comes

B

wit

me;will

comeC

comes;comes

D

comes;will

come3

He

will

be

back

a

few

minutes.A

with

B

for

C

on

Din.

4Whattime

wemeetatthegatetomorrow?A

will

Bl

C

do

D

are5He

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

he

the

work

next

week.A

Will;going

to

be

B

Are;goingta

beB

doesn't

finishD

won't

finishA

finishesvill

finish6

There

some

showers

this

afternoon.ll

be

B

will

haveCisgoingtobeD

are

goingto

have7It

my

brother'

sbirthdaytomorrow.She

aparty.A

is

going

tobe;willhave

B

will

be;is

havingyill

be;is

going

to

have

D

will

have;is

going

to

beMing

is

10years

oldnow,next

year

he

11.A

is

B

is

going

to

be

C

will

be

D

will

to

be構(gòu)成:

[would

+

動(dòng)詞原形,或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的其

它過去構(gòu)成形式was

going

to

do……表示以過去某一時(shí)間為參照,在過去看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).在賓語(yǔ)從句及間接引語(yǔ)中,時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),經(jīng)常會(huì)用到過去來(lái)

時(shí).如Ithoughtitwasgoing

to

be

fun.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

---soon/the

next

day---that-

clause<名詞性從句或上下文中--->1.I

told

myfriendthatI

<should/would

arriw,shall/will

arrive>soon.2.They

looked

atthoseclouds

overthesky.It

<isgoing

to

rain,wasgoingto

rain>.3.They

said

that

e

<are

to

meet,were

to

meet≥at

the

gate

the

next

day.

4.We

<are

ab

to

go,wereabout

to

go>out

when

it

started

to

rain

主完成過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,

可能剛剛結(jié)束也有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去

的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),甚至延續(xù)到將來(lái),并對(duì)

現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果.常與since+過去時(shí)〔間,for+一段時(shí)間連用表

現(xiàn)

聯(lián)

動(dòng)

.2

.時(shí)

語(yǔ)

yet,already,just,never,ever,so

far,by

now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,recently,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has

+p.p〔

詞+

他4.否定形式:

主語(yǔ)+have/has

+not

+p.p〔過去分詞+其他5.一般疑問句:

have/has+主語(yǔ)+p.p

+

?王非

續(xù)

動(dòng)

時(shí)

延續(xù)性,常見的有come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,buy,join,die,buy,find,stop,become,open,borrow,lend,appear,close,fall,finish,sell,lose,kill等,這些動(dòng)詞不能和表

時(shí)

時(shí)

語(yǔ)

續(xù)

動(dòng)

形有

學(xué)

錯(cuò)

認(rèn)

續(xù)

動(dòng)

能用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中.其實(shí),

錯(cuò)

質(zhì)

續(xù)性

動(dòng)

詞與

時(shí)間

段的

錯(cuò)

搭配,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)

關(guān)

.延續(xù)性語(yǔ)境中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)

性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段相連用的情況.由于受漢語(yǔ)

影響,往往錯(cuò)誤地直譯為:He

hasfallenasleepfor

an

hour.他睡了一小時(shí)了.〔

×Hisfatherhas

died

forthree

years.他

.

×當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時(shí),我們往往采取以下解決方法:〔1

續(xù)

動(dòng)

轉(zhuǎn)

應(yīng)

態(tài)動(dòng)詞.所謂狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是指這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生后接下來(lái)所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài).如:Hehasbeen

asleep

for

an

hour.

〔fallasleep,"入睡"為短暫動(dòng)作,但beasleep"睡著"則為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可延續(xù).His

father

has

been

dead

for

threeyears.〔die為短暫動(dòng)詞,"死"后的狀態(tài)

可用"be

dead"這

種系

結(jié)

構(gòu)

來(lái)

可延續(xù).常見的這種動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類:gothere—bethere,comeback—beback,borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,arrive—bein,

begin—be

on,open—be

open,close—be

closed,

die—bedead,leave—beawayfrom,getup—beup

fallasleep—beasleep,become—be,join—ben/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—have

a

cold,get

married—bematried,come

→be

in,finish

→be

over,leaver

→be

awayhave

[hasbeen和

have

[hasgone

區(qū)

別have

been

to

a

place意思是"到過

、

"

,

,但

現(xiàn)

;havegone

to

a

place表示"去了",已經(jīng)去了某地,現(xiàn)在人可能在去的

經(jīng)

.1.

You

have

a

tall

young

man.A

grown

Dwninto

C

grown

us

D

grown

up2.He

has

the

watch

for

a

year.A

buy

B

bought

C

have

D

A

kept

in

B

C

fed

on

D

kept

on4.T

this

bookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturn

it

now.A

borrowed

B

have

borrowed

C

kept

D

havekept5.Have

you

ever

to

the

Great

Wall?It's

v

e

autiful.A

gone

B

been

C

went

D

go6.Her

brother

thePart

e1978.A

joined

B

has

joined

C

has

been

in

D

was

in7.The

Greens

manyplacf

interestsincetheycametoChina.AwillvisitBvisitedChavevisitedDvisit3.Has

your

brother

the

dog?8

I'm

sorry,I

your

name.A

had

forgotten

B

forgothave

forgottenD

forgotten9

Thebookshop_for

eight

years.Ahas

been

open

B

has

been

openedasopenedD

has

open10

We

have

all

the

paper

so

we

need

tobuysome.A

used

upfilledwith11

The

flower

IAplantedhashas

plantedB

made

ofD

hunted

forgrown

up.Bplantedhave

Dhaveplanted巧

現(xiàn)

時(shí)

態(tài)

題技巧1:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的"段時(shí)間

<1>現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始

并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),多和表

時(shí)

語(yǔ)

:for+

時(shí)

間;since+

點(diǎn)時(shí)間<since作連詞后接從

時(shí)

,

時(shí)

>

.<

2>現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)也用在含有during

in/overthelast

years或in

recentyears

等的句子中.趁

宅關(guān)yOu

have,studied

B.did,liveC.do,stayD.were,swimming3.—How

is

your

father?I

himforalongtime.

He

is

fine,butbusy.don’

t

see

B.hadn'

t

seenC.didn'

tseeD.ha

tseen4.Meimeihasreceivedseveralletters

fromherhometown

since

she

tothecity.A.

attracted

B.attracts

sHa

twra

dg

D.will

attract

here?1.The

Oriental

Pearl

TV

Tower

tens

ofthousands

of

visitors

since1995.—For

about

two

years

so

far.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞

標(biāo)

.<1>在做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí),注意觀察向

現(xiàn)

時(shí)的副詞:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,Fever>since

等.<

2

>

:It

has

been

+段

時(shí)間

+sin

ee+過

時(shí)

.

表趁

鐵1.—What

are

you

going

to

do

this

weekend?—I

yet. haven't

decided

B.won'

t

decideC.have

decided

D.didn't

decide2.My

mother

the

windows

already,so

the

room

looks has

cleaned

B.had

cleaned

C.is

cleaning

D.will

clean3.It

ten

years

since

we

last

in

Beijing.A.

was,

met

B.h..en,metC.was,meet

D.is,meet4.—How

long

has

the

weather

been

like

this?

A.

Until

last

night

B.E

n

ce

last

nightC.Two

days

ago

D.Two

days

latermuch

brighter.技巧3:把握have

been

to與

have

gone

to

的區(qū)別.have

been

to

曾經(jīng)去過某處<現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)

不在那個(gè)地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷>Havegone

to去

<

強(qiáng)

調(diào)

語(yǔ)

經(jīng)離開說(shuō)話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回

來(lái)

>1.—Is

that

Jack

speaking? —Sorry,he

isn'tinrightnow.He

thecinemawithhis

aunt.A.hasbeentoB.h

gonetoC.have

been

toD.havegone

to2.—Hello,may

I

speak

to

your

father,please?—Sorry,my

father

to

Shanghai.He

wentthere

this

morning.A.goes

B.has

gone

C.hasbeen

D.go3.

How

m

imes

you

toBeijingthis

year?

A.have,been

Thave,gone—Three

times.B.had,beenD.hadgone技巧4:分清延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)的

動(dòng)詞.如:have,keep,study,live,teach

等.

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作瞬間完成

的動(dòng)詞.如:begin,buy,borrow,lend

等.

做題時(shí),要注意句中是否有段時(shí)間,如

果有則用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.arrived;come

B.come;gotC,stayed;been

D.left;been

.

he

film

for

half

anhasbegunB.has

beenC.has

been

on

D.began1.—Oh,Mrs.King,your

dress

looks

nice.Is

it

new?

—No,I

it

since

two

years

ago.A.had

B.boughtbought

D.has

hadlong

has

the

gnerhas

here

for

here?sever

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