高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧

猜測詞義

GuessingmeaningsinreadingcomprehensionthinkandguessTranslatethesesentencesHeisa

goodChristian.Heisagoodfather.Heisagoodchild.Heisagoodhusband.Sheisa

goodwife.Sheisagoodteacher.Sheisagoodfriend.他是一名虔誠的教徒。他是一名慈愛的父親。他是一個(gè)聽話的孩子。他是一個(gè)有責(zé)任心的丈夫。她是一個(gè)賢惠的妻子。她是一名敬業(yè)的老師。她是一個(gè)可靠的朋友。HeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavywaterHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker晴天霹靂熱量高的食物硬水粗陋的長相睡覺沉的人煙鬼Hisfatherhasdied.Hisfatherhaspassedaway.Hisoldmanhaskickedthebucket.Hisbelovedfatherhasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.他爹死了。他父親去世了。他家老爺子蹬腿了。其父已駕鶴西游了。

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.5.Theunderlined“…”couldbereplaced

by______.......1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對(duì)比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語（從句）或同位語（從句）來確定詞義。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)

●信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,mean,bedefinedas,tobe，referto,beconsideredas,represent,dealwith,or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway，namely,orrather;Punctuationmarks:,????,()Ex.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

動(dòng)物學(xué)家

夜班

2.Contrast對(duì)比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測詞義。信號(hào)詞:but,however,yet,unlike,otherwise,while,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)信號(hào)詞:also,similarly,like,as/so…as,thesameas,justas4.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

大的)信號(hào)詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusEx.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

精明的

修剪5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)信號(hào)詞:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：

英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)inter-（在…之間）

sub-（分支的，底下）co-（共同）

post-(后)trans-（超越;轉(zhuǎn)換）under-（在…之下；低于)superabundant

post-earthquake(過剩的)immeasurable

misapplication(無法計(jì)量的)

worthless

non-available(無價(jià)值的)microblogunderestimate(微博

)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(震后的)(不能獲得的)(誤用)(低估)1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context

上下文：利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

貓頭鷹)8.Commonsense

普通常識(shí)：根據(jù)普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測詞義。

在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將其推測出來。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.vi.收縮了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜測詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。TipsInquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(dòng)(1)Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?猜你沒商量!

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

3.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動(dòng)的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的CCB

4.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者

5.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱BC6.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysay

thingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyour

Dad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚BInquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(dòng)(2)Passage1

（2012年全國卷II）TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital，AddisAbaba，isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.Whatdothewords"areplica"inParagraph2referto？A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucy.C.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.CPassage2

（2012年遼寧卷）Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays........TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.LoseBPassage3（2011年廣東卷）Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome？......ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog，andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung（lessthan6monthsforcats，ayearfordogs），itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.

Theunderlinedword"swimmingly"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.early

B.sweetly

C.quickly

D.smoothlyDPassage4

（2012陜西）Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.

Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.relativelyhighB.extremelylowC.relativelylowD.extremelyhighCPassage5

(2012北京）Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?

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