2023學年完整公開課版infinitiveandvingform

Unit1Module5GrammarandusageTo-infinitiveandVerb-ingformasanounPart1To-infinitive表語主語賓語不定式賓語補足語定語狀語1.todoasasubject

Thecatsaid,“totakerollercoaster

isterrible”.Thecatsaid,“It’s

terribletotakerollercoaster.”Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster!不定式短語作主語時,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情況下,尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中,往往放在謂語之后,而用先行代詞it作形式主語。It作形式主語,不定式作真主語常見句型:

a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式Itisdifficulttolearnanewlanguage.b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame…)+不定式It’smydutytoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours/months/days/patience…)+不定式Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.從下列句子中可以看出不定式和動名詞有什么區(qū)別嗎？1.Tocompletesuchahighbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.2.Todothatimpliestakingresponsibility.3.Studying/TostudyEnglishwellneedspatience.要點：不定式做主語既可以表示一般的狀態(tài)，（這點和動名詞相同);又可以表示具體的某次動作,這一點和動名詞不一致。2.todoasapredicativeOurmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.當句子的主語是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose,intention等或者主語是what引導的名詞性從句時，后面用不定式做表語當不定式充當表語的時候,表示具體動作或是將來要發(fā)生的動作。如:1.Mywishistobeadoctor.2.Whatshewantstodois(to)tellyoua secret.3.Hisplanistogoabroadandcontinue hisstudies.1.Hisjobisdeliveringtheletterstotheirdestinations.2.MyjobistolookafterthesisterwhenMomiscooking.PS:而動名詞則表示抽象的一般行為。注:

作表語的不定式都帶to,但當主語部分有實義動詞do時,to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecan

do

is(to)wait.3.Todoasanobject

Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”(Tips:不定式否定為not/neverto)可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多,如agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wishliketo和likedoing的比較:IlikeplayingfootballbutIdon’tliketoplayfootballtoday.要點：不定式常常表示具體的某次動作。2005年天津卷12題：Idon’twant___likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedb)只有少數(shù)介詞如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作介詞賓語的不定式都帶to，但如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動詞含有do,does,did時，通常省略to。Wehavenochoicebut

towait.Cf.Wecan

do

nothingbut

wait.有些動詞如want,need,require等，當它的主語為不定式的邏輯賓語時，后接不定式和v-ing都可以，但必須注意的是，v-ing須用主動式，不定式須用被動式Theflowersneed_______________.tobewateredTheflowersneed________whenitisdry.wateringThecatfelt

it

terrible

totakerollercoaster.當不定式短語有賓補時,往往將不定式放到賓補后,而用先行代詞it作形式賓語,常用動詞有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。4.

todoasanobjectcomplementYoushouldgetthemtohelpyou.(Theywillhelpyou.)(常用謂語動詞有:

get,ask,force,order,tell,invite,allow,wish,want,like,expect,advise,beg,cause,persuade,teach,warn,hate,permit,forbid,encourage等。)通常這樣的動詞用在以下的結(jié)構(gòu)里:Verb+sb/sth+todosth2005全國卷(I)No.18Whilewatchingtelevision,______.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings2005福建卷No.23IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himorherleaveamessage.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellTips:有些動詞后面須接不帶to的不定式做賓語補足語,常用的動詞有:make,let,have,see;hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;observe

等,但是句子變成被動語態(tài)后,不定式成為句子的主語補足語,需帶to。Theboss

made

her

work

longhours.

主語謂語賓語

賓補She主語wasmade

謂語towork

主補longhours(byherboss).Iwouldrather___(go)swimming.Youhadbetter____(tidy)yourbedroom.Whynot____(visit)yourcousininJapan?Tips:有些特殊句型后面須接不帶to的不定式。gotidyvisitShetoldme_____(be)cheerfuland_____(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing_____(do)but_____(watch)TV.Tips:

當and,or,expect,but,than或ratherthan連接兩個不定式時，

第二個不定式符號省略。tobelooktodowatch5.todoasanattributeHehasnotkepthispromise_________(write)tohisparentsregularly.Shemadeadecision______(go)abroadforayear.不定式可以在句子充當后置定語,修飾名詞。以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語:towritetogo①能帶不定式作賓語的動詞,其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等Hemadeanattempttoopenthedoor,butfailed.②常與不定式搭配的形容詞,其同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。常見的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等Weknowforsurethathehastheabilitytofinishthetaskintime.

③序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級或被only,last,next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語。Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.1.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing2.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_______.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton不定式作定語時，與被修飾詞之間常因為某種邏輯關系需要在不及物動詞后酌情添加一個介詞。6.todoasanadverbial不定式可以作狀語,表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。2005年遼寧卷22題：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately__intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving①soasto(不能放句首),to,inorderto作目的狀語Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound②在so…asto,such…asto,onlyto…結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語,其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。Shegotupatsixo’clock,onlytofindhisparentshadalreadygonetothefield.7.作插入語,用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對整個句子進行解釋,如tobefrank/honest(坦白地說),tobesure(確實),tomakethematterworse(更糟糕的是)等。

Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.8.不定式的時,態(tài)不定式的進行式、完成式和被動式

Somestudentspretended

tobereading

English

whentheteachercamein.

①不定式的進行式：tobe+V-ing,用來表示謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，不定式的動作正在進行。2005年江蘇卷No.25---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft②不定式完成式:tohave+V-ed構(gòu)成,用來表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。2006年四川卷No.26TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheldThebookissaid

tohavebeentranslated

intomanylanguages.③當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式要用被動語態(tài)。不定式的被動式分為一般式被動tobeV-ed和完成式被動tohavebeenV-edThequestionisdifficult

toanswer.Heishard

togetalongwith.Tips:當句式為:主語+be+adj.+todo時,且todo的邏輯賓語是句子主語時,todo不用被動語態(tài)?！耙蓡栐~＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以充當主語、表語、賓語及賓補，高考中考查其作賓語的例子較多。NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.Whentotaketheexamisstillunknown.Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.Tips:連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how)在句中起名詞作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等動詞后作主、賓或表語。1.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingB.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying2.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbuthadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone3.Youweresillynot____yourcar.A.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked4.Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears_______everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoD.notdoitD.donotto7.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told8.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A．expectedB．toexpect

C．tobeexpectingD．expects9.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit10.Themotherdidn’tknow______toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoC.howB.whenD.what11.It’squiteclever______you______withthematterthatway.A.for,todealB.of,todealC.for,dealingD.of,dealing12.It’snecessary_____us_____aforeignlanguageinthemodernworld.A.for;tolearnB.ofus;tolearnC.for;learningD.ofus;learning13.Noteverybodyhastheability_____inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak14.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent______theteacher’squestionsinclass.A.answeringB.toanswerC.tobeansweredD.answeredPart2Verb-ingformasanoun1.動名詞的句法功能:動名詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)成,與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用,在句中擔任主語、表語、賓語和定語。Seeingisbelieving.(眼見為實)Collectingstamps

is

agoodhobby.

①作主語,可以直接放在句首,但在某些習慣表達法中也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語,而把動名詞后置,如:Itisnouse(good)+動名詞:做某事沒用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水難收)It’snogoodsmokinginpublic.②作表語:通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容,注 意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.可改為:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是謂語動詞進行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu))不能改為:Collectingstampsishe.2006年北京卷No.35.Ican’tstand__withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostop2005年上海卷No.32Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost2006年江蘇卷N0.32---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine__thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen③作賓語A.作及物動詞的賓語(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,escape,miss,risk,deny,allow,forbid等)I

likeswimming

butIdon’t

liketoswiminwinter.

Ipreferto

drive

ratherthanbedriven.I

prefer

driving

to

riding.Tips:有些動詞(continue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語,意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛指一般的行為或狀態(tài),用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。2005年北京卷No.30Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered____atheparty,butnot___.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave有些動詞,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接動名詞表示的動作先于謂語動詞動作，不定式表示的動作后于謂語動詞。B.作介詞的賓語

2005年浙江卷No.3Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing

習慣于做;lookforwardtodoing

盼望做;devoteone’slifetodoing

致力于做;feellikedoing

欲想做;leadto導致;insiston堅持要做;objecttodoing反對;succeed/besuccessfulin

成功地做了havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing

bebusy(in)doing

忙于做;2005年江蘇卷No.23EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand___jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup④作定語動名詞可作前置定語,表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的,可用for改寫;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,可用定語從句改寫。swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingThat’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.

⑤作同位語這就是蟻后的專職工作——產(chǎn)卵。2.動名詞的邏輯主語Doyoumindmysmokinghere?①人稱代詞做邏輯主語時應用所有格,即形容詞性物主代詞。②在口語中,動名詞如果不在句首，可以用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格作邏輯主語。2005年安徽卷No.34Ireallycan’tunderstand___herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating

Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.③邏輯主語是不定代詞或指示代詞時,很少用所有格,而用普通格。④邏輯主語是名詞時,用所有格,但是如果名詞為無生命物體時，則用普通格。Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.Thereisnohopeofthefactorymakingprofit.3.動名詞的完成式(havingdone)、一般式被動(beingdone)和完成式被動(havingbeendone)。After

havingfinished

hiswork,hewenthome.Heattendedthemeetingwithout

beingasked.Shenevertoldmeabouther

havingbeeninterviewed

bythepolice.1.LastSundaymorningIsetoutearlytocallforJoan,only____herseriouslyillinbed.A.finding