考研《英語(yǔ)一》鎮(zhèn)雄縣2023年考前沖刺試題含解析

考研《英語(yǔ)一》鎮(zhèn)雄縣2023年考前沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thenightfellheavyintheheightsofthemountainsandthemancouldnotseeanything.Allwasblack.Themoonandthestarswere1bytheclouds.Ashewasclimbingonlyafewfeetawayfromthetopofthemountain,hesuddenly2andfellintotheair,fallingatgreat3.Hecouldonlyseeblackspotsashewentdown,andthe4sensation（感覺(jué)）ofbeingpulledbygravitygrewmoreandmore5.He6falling,andinthemomentsofgreat7,itcametohismindallthegoodandbad8ofhislife.Hewasthinkingnowabouthow9deathwasgetting10allofasuddenhefelttheropetiedtohiswaistpullhimveryhard.Hisbodywashangingintheair.11theropewasholdinghimandinthatmomentof12hecoulddonothingbut13:“Helpme!Helpme!God”Suddenlyadeepvoicecomingfromtheskyanswered,“Whatdoyouwantmetodo?”“Saveme,God.”“DoyoureallythinkIcansaveyou?”“Ofcourse!I14youcan.”“Then15theropetiedtoyourwaist.”Therewasamomentofsilenceandthemandecideto16theropewithallhisstrength.Thenextdaypeoplefoundtheclimberdeadand17,hidbodyhangingfromrope,hishandsholdingtighttoit.Onlyonefootawayfromthe18.Andwe?How19wearetotheropetiedtoourwaist?Sometimeswealwaystiedtowhatwetakeastheonly20.maybeweshouldhaveatrytoletourselvesgo.1、A．coveredB．filledC．brokenD．polluted2、A．stoodB．slippedC．stoppedD．risked3、A．lengthB．speedC．depthD．width4、A．lengthB．sensitiveC．terribleD．confusing5、A．energeticB．distantC．regularD．powerful6、A．sankB．observedC．heardD．kept7、A．excitementB．peaceC．terrorD．calmness8、A．experienceB．dreamsC．disadvantagesD．crossroads9、A．closeB．oppositeC．fierceD．long10、A．a(chǎn)sB．becauseC．whenD．a(chǎn)fter11、A．ButB．OnlyC．NowhereD．Actually12、A．patienceB．a(chǎn)ppreciationC．excitementD．stillness13、A．figureB．screamC．recognizeD．present14、A．wishB．suggestC．believeD．order15、A．cutB．occupyC．brakeD．handle16、A．pullupB．backoutC．takeoffD．holdonto17、A．frozenB．calmC．exhaustedD．reliable18、A．topB．heavenC．groundD．a(chǎn)ttached19、A．a(chǎn)ddictedB．a(chǎn)ttractedC．a(chǎn)doptedD．destination20、A．routeB．dependenceC．goalD．intelligenceSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates（靈長(zhǎng)類）tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo（胚胎）splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus（原子核）withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA．Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn’tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers’pouringwaterontheideathattheteam’sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,thuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.1、WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT?A．Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates.B．ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNA．C．Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells.D．Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes.2、Whatdoestheauthormeanby“pouringwaterontheidea”inparagraph2?A．Keepingahottopicofit.B．Attachingnoimportancetoit.C．Havingalowopinionofit.D．Addingsupportiveevidencetoit.3、Whatisthescientists’purposetoclonethesemonkeys?A．Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning.B．Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation.C．Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases.D．Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels.4、Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway.B．Newtechniquesseemtobepointless.C．Societywon’tagreetocloneanothermonkey.D．Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh.Text2Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸鹽)—themaincomponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfannersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize…andprovedsuccessful”JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesandamateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible,”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto?A．Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.B．VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.C．Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.D．Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.2、ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.A．theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshapeB．soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinuallyC．theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoilD．theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions3、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．It’stoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.B．Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.C．Themethodispromisingespeciallyinagriculture.D．Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．JapaneseScientistsFindaPlantB．VinegarCouldEndHungerC．VinegarandFoodD．PlantsNeedWaterText3EducatorsacrosstheUSarecallingformajorchangestotheadmissionprocessinhighereducation.TheNationalCenterforEducational

StatisticsreportedthatU.S.collegesanduniversitiesreceivedmorethan9millionapplicationsbetween2013and2014.Theschoolsadmittedmorethan5millionstudentsinthattime.Butanewreportsaysthattheproblemisnotaboutthenumberofstudentsthatarebeingadmitted,butratherhowstudentsareselected.TheHarvardSchoolofGraduateEducation,alongwith80otherschoolsandorganizations,releasedthereportinJanuary2016,called“TuringtheTide---MakingCaringCommon”.Thereportarguesthattheprocessschoolsusetochoosestudentscausesmajorproblems.DavidHawkins,the

Executive

DirectorforEducationalPolicy,saysthatmostcollegesanduniversitiesrequiremanythingsfromstudentswhentheyapply.Schoolsusuallyaskforanessaydescribingastudent’sinterestsorwhytheywanttostudyatthatschool.Theschoolsalsoaskforlettersfromteachersorotherresponsibleadultsdescribingwhyastudentisagoodcandidate.But,Hawkinssays,theareathatschoolsaremostconcernedwithastudent’shighschoolgradesandstandardized

testresults.Thereportsuggeststhatpayingattentiontoacademicsuccessoverotherqualitiesworkswellforsomestudentsbuthurtsothers.Inaddition,academicsuccessisnotthemostimportantqualityastudentshouldhave.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoshowingwhetherornotastudentwantstodogoodintheworld.Thereportalsosuggeststhatschoolsshouldaskforevidencethatstudentscareaboutotherpeople.Movingattentionawayfromacademicabilitywillmakeprocesslessaboutcompetition,thereportsays.Studentswillfeellessstressaboutmeetinghigherandhigherexpectation.Butthereportdoeshaveitscritics.BobSchaeffer,PublicEducationDirector,saidthateveryfewyears,someonemakesthesameargumentforchange.Hesaidthatnorealchangehashappenedyetandthatevenmanyoftheschoolsthatagreewiththereportstillmakenochanges.“Manyoftheinstitutionsthathavesupportedthefindingsinthereportaretheveryinstitutionsthathavethemostcompetitiveadmissionprocessesinthecountry,"Schaeffersaid.1、Whatistheproblemoftheadmissionprocessaccordingtothereport?A．TheschoolsasksocialresponsibilitiesfromtheapplyingstudentsB．Theschoolsattachimportancetostudents’academicrecordsC．ThenumberofstudentsgettingadmittedistoosmallD．Admissionofficersonlyconsiderpersonalqualities2、Whichofthefollowingdocollegesaskofapplicantsexcept?A．Theirreasonstoattendtheschool.B．Adescriptionoftheirinterests.C．RecommendationlettersfromadultsD．Evidencethatstudentscareaboutothers3、Whatdoestheauthor’sattitudetothereportoftheadmissionprocess?.A．Supportive.B．DoubtfulC．NeutralD．Negative4、Thecritic,BobSchaeffer,thinksthat.A．someschoolsdon'tdowhattheybelieveisrightB．thelargestschoolsareexpectedtomakechangesfirstC．notenoughschoolscurrentlyagreewiththereportD．historyhasprovedthatallchangesaregoodText4Foraslongaswe’veknownaboutit,humanshavesearchedforacureforcancer.Acrosstheworld,countlessamountsoftimeandmoneyhavebeenspentonresearchingawaytostopthisterribledisease.Butnow,itseemsliketheanswercouldhavebeeninsideourownbodiesthewholetime.Recently,theFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)intheUS,agovernmentagencythat’sresponsibleforhealthcare,approvedanewformofgenetherapy(療法)thatcouldmeantheendofacertaintypeofcancer.Thetherapyallowsscientiststo“train”theimmune(有免疫力的)cellsofsickpatientstofightleukemia(白血病)—aformofbloodcancerthatmostlyaffectsyoungpeople.Theexcitingnewtreatmentworksbyremovinghealthyimmunecellsfromthepatient,knownasT-cells,whicharethenchangedtobeableto“huntdown”cancercells.Thecellsarethenputbackintothepatientbeforetheybegintogetridofthepatient’sleukemiaovertime,similartohowthebodyfightsoffotherillnesses.“Thisistrulyanexcitingnewdayforcancerpatients,”LouisJ.DeGennaro,presidentoftheLeukemiaandLymphomaSociety,saidinanewsrelease.Upuntilnow,alongandpainfulmarrowtransplant(骨髓移植)wastheonlyoptionformanyleukemiapatients.Inthisprocedure,healthybloodcellsaretakenfromadonatorandplacedintothesickpatient,whoalsohastogothroughchemotherapy(化療)toallowtheirbodytoadjusttothenewcells.Butwitharecoveryrateofaround3%—accordingtoanewsreleasepublishedbytheFDA—it’shopedthatthedaysofpainfultripstothehospital,orevendeath,areoverforleukemiasufferers.“We’reenteringanewfrontierinmedicalinnovation(創(chuàng)新)withtheabilitytoreprogramapatient’sowncellstoattackadeadlycancer,”FDArepresentativeScottGottliebsaidintherelease.“Newtechnologiessuchasgeneandcelltherapiesholdthepotentialtotransformmedicineandourabilitytotreatandevencuremanyincurableillnesses.”1、Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tocomparedifferentwaysofcuringleukemia.B．Toreportonabreakthroughincancertreatment.C．Toexplorethepotentialofgeneandcelltherapies.D．Toshowscientists’effortsinsearchofacureforcancer.2、Howdoesthenewtreatmenttofightleukemiawork?A．ByusingchangedT-cellstodestroycancercells.B．Byreplacingsickbloodcellswithhealthyones.C．Byremovingsickbloodcellsduringmarrowtransplant.D．Byusingchemotherapytoimprovethepatient’simmunesystem.3、Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewtherapyforleukemiasufferers?A．Itcansavethemmanymoretripstothehospital.B．Itcanimprovetheirabilitytofightoffallkindsofcancer.C．Itcangivethemabetterchanceofsurvivalandrecovery.D．Itcanreducetheirpainintheprocessofmarrowtransplant.4、WhatisScottGottlieb’sattitudetowardgeneandcelltherapies?A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Worried. D．Casual.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)語(yǔ)法填空LastFridayastormsweptthroughtwovillagesintheNewTerritories,1．(destroy)fourteenhomesSevenothersweresobadlydamaged2．theirownershadtoleavethem,andfifteenothershadbrokenwindowsorroofsOnepersonwaskilled,severalwere3．(serious)hurtandtakentohospital,andanumberofotherpeoplereceivedsmallerhurtAltogetherovertwohundredpeoplewerehomelessafterthestormAfarmer,MrTan,saidthatthestormbeganearly4．themorningandlastedforoveranhour"I5．(eat)withmywifeandchildren,"hesaid,"whenweheardaloudnoiseAfewminuteslaterourhousefelldownontopofusWetriedourbest6．(climb)outbutthenIsawthatoneofmychildrenwas7．(miss)Iwentbackinsideandfoundhim,safe8．veryfrightened"MrsWooMeiFongsaidthatherhusbandhadjustleftforworkwhenshe9．(feel)thatherhousewasmovingSheranoutsideatoncewithherchildrenSoldiershelpedtotakepeopleoutofthefloodedareaandthewelfaredepartmentbrought10．(they)food,clothesandshelterHenryRoycedidnotlikehiscar,1．ranbadlyandoftenbrokedownSohedecidedtomakea2．(good)carhimself,andin1904he3．(success)producedhisfirstnewmodelCharlesRolls,acarmaker,wasvery4．(interest)inhiscar,andsoonRollsandRoyce5．(go)intobusinesstogetherOneoftheirfirst6．(model)wastheSilverGhostIn1907,aSilverGhostbroketheworld’srecordbydriving14,371mileswithout7．(break)downonceAfterthedrive,itcostjustover￡28．(put)thecarbackintoperfectcondition9．isnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregarded10．“thebestcarintheworld”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)1、Whatweconsiderpoliteathomeisn'talwaysacceptedoutsideourborders.Don'tberegardedrudeordisrespectfulonyourtravels.Giftgivingshouldbeahappy,positiveexperience.2、Givingsharp,pointyobjectsasgiftsisconsideredunlucky.BecarefulwhenpresentingflowerstoafriendorabusinesspartnerinRussia.Yellowbloomssuggestcheatorarelationshipbreakup.3、WritingcardsornoteswhilevisitingSouthKorea,bemindfulofyourpen'sinkcolor.Writingaperson'snameinredinktraditionallysuggeststhatthepersonhaspassedaway.4、Ifyouareinvitedtosomeone'shomeforameal,it'srecommendedthatyouarrive10to15minuteslaterthantherequestedtime.WhenhavingamealinEgypt,don'tusethesaltshaker（調(diào)味瓶）whichmeansthatyoufindthemealterrible.Japanisaverypolitenation,andtheirpolitenessextendstothemealtimeuseofchopsticks.AccordingtoJapanesecustom,it'sconsideredill-manneredtopointorplaywithchopsticks.5、Usingtheendthattouchesyourmouthisextremelyoffensive（冒犯的）,nottomentionthefactthatit'sunhygienic（不衛(wèi)生的）.A．WhenselectingapresentintheNetherlands,don'tbuykitchenknivesorscissors.B．Punctualityisconsideredtobegoodmannersallovertheworld.C．Whentraveling,it'simportanttolearnaboutthecustomsoftheglobalvillage.D．Redcarnations（康乃馨）areusuallypresentedtoMothers.E.Whileeating,usetheoppositeendofyourchopstickstosecurefoodfromasharedplate.F.BeingearlyorontimeisviewedasbeingrudeinVenezuela.G.Traditionally,redcarnationsareplacedonthetombsofthedead.GettingolderNoonereallyknowshowandwhypeoplechangeastheygetolder.1、Agingisacomplexandvariedprocessthatvariesinhowitaffectsdifferentpeopleandorgans.Infact,eveninoneperson,differentorgansystems“age”atdifferentrates.Atacertainpointinourlivesourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.2、Itmaybecomemoredifficultforustoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestoloses