加工中心刀柄結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明

ToolHolders/刀夾系統(tǒng)Inthesystemofspindle+toolholder+cuttingtool,thetoolholderisthelinkthathasthemosteffectonoverallconcentricityandbalance.Don’tthinkofitascommodityhardware.Asspindlespeedincreases,thechoiceoftoolholderhasmoreimpactonprocesseffectiveness在主軸+刀柄+刀具這樣的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，刀柄是影響同心度和動(dòng)平衡一個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，千萬(wàn)不能將它當(dāng)成一般的部件來(lái)看待。隨著主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的增加，刀柄的選擇對(duì)于加工的影響將顯得越來(lái)越重要。1整理課件TwoFaceContact&HSKholders/兩面接觸HSK刀柄Centrifugalforcefromfastspindlespeedscancausethetoolholdertoretractwhenthespindleandholdertouchonlyalongthetaper.

Two-facecontactatthespindleinterfacecansolvethisproblem.HSKisawidelyusedtoolholderdesignthatfeaturestwo-facecontact

對(duì)于僅僅是錐度連接的刀夾系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)主軸在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的情況下，因?yàn)橹鬏S本身錐孔的膨脹，而主軸和刀柄的連接又僅僅是通過(guò)錐度面連接，此時(shí)刀柄受到拉力的影響會(huì)有一個(gè)回縮。兩面接觸的連接方式有助于解決該問(wèn)題。HSK即是被廣泛使用的一種兩面接觸的刀夾系統(tǒng)。2整理課件TwoFaceContactHolders/兩面接觸刀柄Commontoolholdersleaveagapbetweentheflangeandspindlenose.Sometoolholdersystemsclosethisgaptoachievetwo-facecontactwithaconventionaltaperTwosuchsystemsareshown.Bothdesignscombinespecialtoolholderswithaspecialormodifiedspindleinterface.Bothdesignsleaveintactthefreedomtouseregulartoolholderswhentwo-facecontactisn’tneededThedesignatupperrightmatestoolholdersthathaveextramaterialontheflangewithaspindleinterfacethathasextramaterialatthespindlenoseThedesignatlowerrightusesatoolholderwithaspring-liketaperthatstaysincontactevenifthespindleinterfaceopensup.Shimsattachedtothespindlenoseclosethegaptotheflange普通的刀柄連接在主軸法蘭面留有一個(gè)間隙。有一些的刀柄采取封閉這段間隙的方法來(lái)到達(dá)兩面接觸的目的；該種設(shè)計(jì)如下圖。這兩種連接都需要有特殊的主軸端面設(shè)計(jì)，在需不需要兩面接觸會(huì)有一定的選擇自由；如右上圖所示。在刀柄與主軸緊密配合時(shí)會(huì)因?yàn)樽冃卧谥鬏S法蘭連接面之間產(chǎn)生材料的擠壓；如右以下圖所示。使用帶彈性錐面接觸的刀柄。其中的墊片可以封閉主軸法蘭的間隙。3整理課件Concentricity&Balance/同心度和動(dòng)平衡Concentricity(Runout)determinesthatthecuttingedgestakenearlythesamebiteallthewayaroundthetool.Balancedeterminesthatweightisevenlydistributed,socentrifugalforcedoesnotcreateenoughvibrationtoimpairtheprocess.BothareimportantforHSM同心度可以決定刀具在旋轉(zhuǎn)一周的情況下各切刃局部的切削量是否均勻；動(dòng)平衡取決于旋轉(zhuǎn)體上質(zhì)量的分布是否均勻?qū)ΨQ。各個(gè)方向離心力均衡，不至于產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)減弱刀具加工能力；以上兩者對(duì)于高速加工都是很重要的因素。4整理課件Concentricity/同心度Concentricitymeasureshowcloselythetoolholderalignsthetooltothecenterlineofthespindle.Aconcentricgriphelpsensurethatallcuttingedgesseethesamedepthofcut.同心度測(cè)量如右圖，通過(guò)調(diào)整刀夾的中心軸線與主軸的中心軸線重合來(lái)調(diào)整痛心度。好的同心度控制可以確保所有切削刃在各個(gè)方向上有均勻的加工量5整理課件Balance/動(dòng)平衡Balancemeasuresthedistributionofweightofthetoolandtoolholdertogether.Aperfectlybalancedtool/toolholdercombinationwouldnotgenerateanycentrifugalforceasitspins.Butinreality,somepartofthiscombinedweightwillbeunbalanced.TheunbalancewillproduceavibrationatafrequencyequaltothespindleRPM.Iftheunbalanceamountissmall,thisvibrationwillalsobesmall.

動(dòng)平衡的測(cè)量需要將刀具和刀柄整體進(jìn)行。在主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)好的動(dòng)平衡刀柄和刀具結(jié)合不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何的離心力。但是實(shí)際上完全的動(dòng)平衡是不存在的。在主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)動(dòng)不平衡將產(chǎn)生周期性的震動(dòng)。如果動(dòng)不平衡量很小，那么這種震動(dòng)也會(huì)很微弱。6整理課件Balance&Concentricity/動(dòng)平衡和同心度Weightdoesnothavetobesymmetricaltoreducecentrifugalforce,justbalanced.Anunbalancedweightcanbebalancedbyanycounterweighthavingthesameproductofmass×radius.Forexample,theweightsshownherebalanceoneanother.Themassesaredifferent,butwheretheyarepositionedmakesupforthisdifference.旋轉(zhuǎn)體上質(zhì)量并不一定要均勻分布才能減小離心力，只要平衡就可以了。一個(gè)不平衡的重量可以被任何的方向相反大小相等的平衡力(質(zhì)量×半徑)抵消。比方左圖的一個(gè)例如。7整理課件Itispossibletoimagineatool/toolholdersystemthatisbalancedwithoutbeingconcentric.Inthisdrawing,thecuttingtoolisoffcenter,butthecounterweightcompensatesfortheresultingunbalance.Thistoolandtoolholdermaynotcutevenly,buttogethertheywillspinwithoutvibrationfromcentrifugalforce.可以想象同心度不好的刀具刀夾系統(tǒng)也可以有好的動(dòng)平衡。在圖中，刀具中心偏移，但是圖中的紅色部位可以補(bǔ)償因此帶來(lái)的動(dòng)不平衡量。雖然像這種刀具切削不能進(jìn)行均勻的切削，但是不會(huì)因?yàn)閯?dòng)平衡離心力的影響產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)。Balance&Concentricity/動(dòng)平衡和同心度8整理課件Itisalsopossibleforatool/toolholdersystemtobeconcentricbutnotbalanced.Atoolholderwithasetscrewisanexampleofthis.Evenifthetoolholderholdsthetoolperfectlyconcentric,theweightofthescrewitselfwouldnotbebalanced.Thistoolholderwillcausevibrationwhenspun.同樣對(duì)于同心度好的刀具也可能動(dòng)平衡不好。如下圖的帶緊固螺釘?shù)牡侗?。雖然它有很好的同心度，但是它在圓周上的質(zhì)量分部不均勻，因此在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)。Balance&Concentricity/動(dòng)平衡和同心度9整理課件HoldersforGoodConcentricity/優(yōu)良同心度ThoughahighqualityColletChuckcanachievetightconcentricity,therearealternativestotheColletChucksthatcanmakethisconcentricityeasiertoachieve.高質(zhì)量的彈簧夾的適用可以獲得好的同心度，但是的刀夾系統(tǒng)也可以獲得同樣的效果，比方燒結(jié)式的刀柄。10整理課件ShrinkFitHolders/熱縮型刀柄1-

Thetoolholderisheatedpreciselyattheclampingareausingstate-of-the-artinductiontechnology.Theclampingdiameterexpands.2-Thecoldtoolshankisinsertedintotheheatedtoolholder.3-Theheatshrinktoolholderiscooled.Theclampingdiameterreturnstoitsoriginaldimensionandclampsthetoolshank.4-Toolchangesarecarriedoutinsecondsthankstoinductiveheating.Theheatshrinktoolholderandthetoolshankformahomogenousunit!

1、應(yīng)用感應(yīng)加熱技術(shù)加熱刀柄上刀具裝夾部位，使它的直徑會(huì)膨脹；2、再將冷的刀桿放入熱的刀柄；3、冷卻刀柄裝夾部位，使其直徑回復(fù)至初始尺寸并夾緊刀具；4、在取出時(shí)，由于刀具和刀柄一起進(jìn)行感應(yīng)加熱，因此不能使用與刀柄有一樣的熱膨脹系數(shù)的刀具進(jìn)行裝夾。11整理課件Principleofshrinkfit/熱縮型刀柄裝夾原理⑤加熱取出④冷卻夾緊①環(huán)境溫度②加熱③裝夾12整理課件HydraulicChucks/液壓夾頭A-TheclampingscrewisscrewedinuptothestopusinganAllenkey.B-TheclampingpistonpressesthehydraulicmediumintotheC-expansionchamberandcausesariseinpressureD-Thethin-walledexpansionbushisuniformlyarchedagainstthetoolshank.ThetoolshankiscenteredandthenclampedpowerfullyanduniformlyacrosstheentiresurfaceduringthisclampingprocessE-Specialsealingelement.Ensuresperfectsealingandahighservicelife.Theresult:Absolutelyprecise,powerfulandcentricclampingwithexcellentrunoutcharacteristicsandarun-outaccuracyof<0.003mmA-鎖緊螺釘，使用內(nèi)六角扳手將鎖緊螺釘擰緊；B-鎖緊活塞，將液壓媒質(zhì)壓入膨脹室；C-膨脹室，受液體擠壓產(chǎn)生壓力；D-薄膨脹襯套，在鎖緊過(guò)程中使刀具裝夾桿中心定位并均勻包絡(luò)。E-特殊密封件，確保理想的密封和長(zhǎng)的使用壽命；特點(diǎn)：非常高的精度、鎖緊力大、中心固定，具有很好的跳動(dòng)值<0.003mm

13整理課件MechanicalDeformation/變形夾持刀柄Thetoolholdershownherefeaturesaborethatisnotround,butinsteadhasathree-lobedshapesuggestingatriangle.Aclampingdevicemechanicallydistortsthisboretomakeitround,allowingthetooltobeinserted.Thetoolholdersnapsbacktothethree-lobedshapewhentheforceisreleased,clampingthetoolwithoutheatingorcooling.這里的刀柄內(nèi)徑不是圓形的，而是類似三角形的葉形孔。利用一套機(jī)械夾緊變形裝置使其變?yōu)閳A形，適合刀具放入。當(dāng)鎖緊裝置壓力解除后，刀柄變形恢復(fù)，那么可鎖緊刀具14整理課件BalanceableToolHoldersAbalanceabletoolholderisusedinco