譯林版英語必修三新素養(yǎng)講義Unit3BacktothepastSectionⅢWordpowerTaskProject

SectionⅢWordpower,Task&Project[學(xué)生用書P62]eq\a\vs4\al([基礎(chǔ)詞匯])1．a(chǎn)udiencen． 觀眾，聽眾2．ceremonyn. 儀式，典禮3．fortunateadj. 幸運(yùn)的4．marchvi.&n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)發(fā)；游行eq\a\vs4\al([拓展詞匯])5．expressionn．表達(dá)；表情，神色→expressvt.表達(dá)；表示6．powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的→powern．力量；能力；權(quán)力v.使有力量→powerlessadj.無力的；無權(quán)的7．educatevt.教育→educationn．教育；教育學(xué)→educationaladj.教育的；有教育意義的8．gloryn．輝煌；榮耀，光榮→gloriousadj.光榮的；輝煌的9．judgen．法官，審判員；裁判員→judgmentn．裁判；判斷；判斷力10．poisonn．毒藥，毒物vt.毒害，下毒→poisonousadj.有毒的；惡意的1．on_board 在船/飛機(jī)/車上2．declare_war_against/on 向……宣戰(zhàn)3．in_memory_of 紀(jì)念4．no_doubt 無疑，確實(shí)5．rise_up_against 起義，反抗6．stand_in_one’s_path 阻礙(某人)7．take_control_of 控制，取得對……的控制8．grow_tired_of 厭煩……9．e_down_with 患(病)10．be_aware_of 意識(shí)到Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhywasastatueofaGreeksoldierdiscoveredinnorthernXinjiang?A．TheGreeksoldierdiedinnorthernXinjiang.B．ThestatuewasstolentoXinjiang.C．ItmaybetradedtoXinjianginanancienttime.D．ItwasmadeinXinjiang.2．Whydidn’tAlexandertheGreattakecontrolofthewholeworld?A．Hisarmywasdefeatedmostofthetime.B．Hehimselfgottiredofendlessbattles.C．Hisarmygottiredofendlessbattles.D．Hebecameillanddied.3．HowdidSocratesmakealiving?A．Bybeingamonworker.B．Bybeingateacher.C．Bybeingascholar.D．Bybeingasoldier.4．WhatdidpeoplethinkofSocrates’teachingwaybyaskingquestions?A．Allthepeoplelikedhisteachingway.B．Onlyhisstudentslikedhisteachingway.C．Somepeopledidn’tlikehisteachingway.D．Youngpeoplelikedhisteachingway.答案：1－4.CCAC[學(xué)生用書P63]AncientGreekstatuefoundinXinjiangResearchersannounced①thediscovery②ofasmallstatue③innorthernXinjiang，China，recently.ThemetalstatueisofaGreeksoldier.Whenaskedhowastatuefromdistant④GreececouldhaveappearedinChina⑤，researchersexplainedthatnodoubt⑥thiswasaresultofAlexandertheGreat’sinfluence⑦.AlexandertheGreat(356－323BC)wasthesonofaGreekkingwhodefeated⑧manyGreekcitiesinbattle⑨.Attheageoftwenty，Alexanderhimselfbecamekingafterhisfatherdied⑩.However?，manycitiesroseupagainst?Alexander，soheledanarmytotake?themback?.Thoughhisarmyhadonly3，000troops?，hewoneverybattleandmanyenemysoldiersjoinedhim.,①announcev．宣布，宣告②discoveryn．發(fā)現(xiàn)discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)inventvt.發(fā)明③statue['st?t?u?]n.雕塑，雕像④distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的⑤Whenasked...是時(shí)間狀語從句Whentheywereasked...的省略形式；howastatuefrom...是asked的賓語從句。⑥nodoubt無疑，確實(shí)Thereisnodoubtthat...毫無疑問……⑦thatnodoubt...是explained的賓語從句。⑧defeatvt.擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝⑨whodefeated...是定語從句，修飾king。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))king“國王”，獨(dú)一無二的職位作賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、同位語時(shí)，其前不加冠詞；afterhisfatherdied是時(shí)間狀語從句。?however在此處為副詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。?riseupagainst起義，反抗?leadsb.todosth.帶領(lǐng)某人做某事?takeback取回，奪回?troop[tru?p]n.士兵；軍隊(duì)，部隊(duì)Thoughhisarmy...是讓步狀語從句。eq\a\vs4\al()新疆發(fā)現(xiàn)古希臘塑像最近，研究人員宣布，在中國新疆北部地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一尊小型塑像。這尊金屬塑像是一名希臘士兵的造型。當(dāng)被問及來自遙遠(yuǎn)希臘的塑像怎么會(huì)出現(xiàn)在中國時(shí)，研究人員解釋說，這無疑是亞歷山大大帝的影響所致。亞歷山大大帝(公元前356年－公元前323年)是一位在戰(zhàn)斗中擊敗了許多希臘城邦的希臘國王之子。20歲那年，父親死后，亞歷山大自己成了國王。然而，許多城邦趁勢作亂，反對亞歷山大，于是他便率領(lǐng)一支軍隊(duì)奪回了這些城邦。盡管他的軍隊(duì)僅有三千人，但是他贏得了所有戰(zhàn)役，許多敵方士兵投靠了他。In334BC，hetookhisarmy，nowwith42，000men，intotheMiddleEastandthenEgypt,defeatingeveryarmythatstoodinhispath?.Thenheturnedhiseyeseast，andmarched?allthewaytoIndia，findingvictorywhereverhewent?.Itseemedthat?nothingcouldstophimfromtaking?controloftheentireworld.However，hisownarmygrewtiredofendlessbattlesandrefusedtogoanyfurther，sohehadtoturnback.Bytheageofthirty，hehadalreadyoccupiedmorelandthananyonebefore，anditseemedthatmoreglorywaswaitingaheadofhim.Yet，in323BC，hecamedownwithafeveranddied.Sincehehadnoson，hisgeneralsdividedhisvastkingdomamongthemselves.AlexandertheGreatspreadtheGreekculturefromEuropetoAfricaandAsia，influencingtheworldforcenturiestoe.ThestatueoftheGreeksoldierfoundinnorthernXinjiangprobablycametoChinainthe4thcenturyBCasaresultoftrade.LikemanyotherancientobjectsthatshowaGreekinfluence，itcannowbeseeninamuseuminUrumqi.?standinone’spath阻礙(某人)defeatingeveryarmy...作伴隨狀語。其中thatstoodinhispath是定語從句，修飾army。?march[mɑ?t?]vi.&n．前進(jìn)，進(jìn)發(fā)；游行?findingvictorywherever...作伴隨狀語，whereverhewent是地點(diǎn)狀語從句。?Itseemedthat...“似乎……”，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。?stop...(from)doing...阻止……做……eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))takecontrolof控制eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))growtiredof對……變得厭煩eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))occupyvt.占領(lǐng)，占據(jù)eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))glory['ɡl??rI]n.輝煌；榮耀，光榮eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))ahead[?'hed]adv.(時(shí)間、空間)在前面；提前，預(yù)先；領(lǐng)先aheadof在……前面，先于eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))edownwith患(病)eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))since引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))vast[vɑ?st]adj.遼闊的；巨大的；大量的eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))divide...among...在……中分配……eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))influencingtheworld...作伴隨狀語，toe是不定式作后置定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))asaresultof作為……的結(jié)果；由于eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))thatshowaGreekinfluence是定語從句，修飾ancientobjects。eq\a\vs4\al()公元前334年，他率領(lǐng)當(dāng)時(shí)已達(dá)4萬2千人的軍隊(duì)進(jìn)入中東，接著是埃及，兵鋒所至，所向披靡。然后，他又將目光轉(zhuǎn)向東方，長驅(qū)直入印度，所到之處，攻無不克，戰(zhàn)無不勝。似乎沒有什么能夠阻止他控制整個(gè)世界。然而，他自己的軍隊(duì)對無休止的戰(zhàn)斗變得厭倦，拒絕再往前走，所以他不得不班師回朝。亞歷山大30歲時(shí)便已占領(lǐng)了遼闊的疆域，前無古人，前面似乎還有更多的輝煌在等著他。然而，在公元前323年，他發(fā)燒生病去世了。由于他沒有兒子，他的將軍們便瓜分了他龐大的王國。亞歷山大大帝將希臘文化從歐洲傳播到非洲和亞洲，在此后的數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)中影響了整個(gè)世界。在新疆北部發(fā)現(xiàn)的希臘士兵塑像也許是在公元前4世紀(jì)因貿(mào)易而來到中國的。像許多顯示希臘影響力的其他古代文物一樣，它現(xiàn)在在烏魯木齊的一家博物館展出。ThefatherofWesternphilosophy①Theword‘philosophy’means‘loveofwisdom’．Philosophycanbethoughtofas②awayoflooking③attheworldaroundus，orofansweringthegreatquestionsoflife，suchas④‘Whyarewehere？’and‘Whatistruth？’ThefatherofWesternphilosophywasSocrates(469－399BC)．SocrateswasfromAthens，inGreece.Whenhewasyoung，hewasabravesoldier.Later，hebecameateacher，buthetaughtforfree⑤andearnedhissalary⑥from⑦beingamonworker.Asidefrom⑧this，weknowverylittleabouthim.Sinceheneverwroteabook⑨，wealsoknowverylittleabouthisphilosophy.Yet，Socrateshashadadeepinfluenceon⑩Westernthoughtandscience.①philosophy[f?'l?s?fI]n.哲學(xué)②thinkof...as...認(rèn)為……是……，把……看作……take/have/treat/regard/consider...as...把……看作……③awayofdoing...＝awaytodo...做……的一種方式④suchas用于列舉。⑤forfree免費(fèi)地⑥salary['s?l?rI]n.薪金，薪水⑦earn...from...通過……賺得……⑧asidefrom...除……以外(尚有)⑨Sinceheneverwroteabook是原因狀語從句。⑩haveadeepinfluenceon...對……有深遠(yuǎn)的影響注意介詞用on。eq\a\vs4\al()西方哲學(xué)之父“哲學(xué)”一詞意為“熱愛智慧”。哲學(xué)可被認(rèn)為是觀察我們周圍世界的一種方式，或是解答人生重大問題的一種方式，如“我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)在這里？”以及“什么是真理？”西方哲學(xué)之父是蘇格拉底(公元前469年－公元前399年)。蘇格拉底是希臘雅典人。年輕時(shí)，他是一名勇敢的士兵。后來，他成了一名教師，但他教書卻不收費(fèi)，靠當(dāng)一名普通勞動(dòng)者掙錢。除此以外，我們對他了解很少。由于他從不寫書，因此我們對他的哲學(xué)也知之甚少。然而，蘇格拉底對西方的思想和科學(xué)卻有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。Tounderstandhowthiscanbetrue，wemustunderstandhowSocratestaught?.Socratestaughtbyaskingquestions.Throughthis，hechallengedhisstudentstodevelopandexplaintheirownarguments.Inmanycases?，hisquestionsmadehisstudentsaware?oftheirownerrors.Manystudentsgotembarrassed?andevenangrywhenthishappened，while?otherschangedtheiropinions.Socrates’wayofapproaching?thetruthisnowcalledtheSocraticMethod.Theideaofaskingquestionsuntilyoureachtherightansweristhebasis?ofmodernphilosophyandscience.?動(dòng)詞不定式Tounderstand...作目的狀語，兩個(gè)how都引導(dǎo)賓語從句。?inmanycases在很多情況下innocase在任何情況下都不，決不?aware[?'we?(r)]adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺到的beawareof意識(shí)到?gotembarrassed“感到尷尬”，為“get＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)。?while意為“然而，而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。?approachv．靠近，接近?basis['beIsIs]n.基礎(chǔ)；基準(zhǔn)；原因eq\a\vs4\al()為了理解這何以成真，我們必須搞清楚蘇格拉底是怎樣教學(xué)的。蘇格拉底通過提問進(jìn)行教學(xué)。通過這種方式，他鞭策學(xué)生，要他們完善并闡釋自己的論點(diǎn)。在很多情況下，他的問題使得他的學(xué)生們意識(shí)到他們自己的錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，許多學(xué)生感到尷尬甚至氣憤，而另外一些學(xué)生則改變了他們的觀點(diǎn)。蘇格拉底探求真理的方式現(xiàn)在被稱作蘇格拉底問答法。提出一個(gè)個(gè)問題直至你得出正確答案的這一思路是現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)和科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。Unfortunately?forhim，Socratesquestioned?toomuch.Healwaysaskedchallenging?questionstoeveryonehemet，upsettingmanypeopleinAthens.Finally，somepeoplehadhadenoughofhim，sotheytookhimtocourtforquestioningtheexistenceoftheGreekgodsandforcorruptingtheyoungpeopleofAthens.Athistrial，hedefendedhimselfbyaskinghisjudgesyetmorequestions.Thisjustmadeabadsituationworse.Finallyhewasputtodeathbybeingforcedtodrinkpoison.Throughhisdeath，Socratesbecametheheroofallpeoplewhosearchforthetruth.?unfortunatelyadv.“不幸地”，在句中作插入語。?questionv.提問，質(zhì)問?challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))hemet是定語從句，修飾everyone，省略了定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞who(m)；upsettingmanypeople...作結(jié)果狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))haveenoughof受夠了eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))court[k??t]n.法院，法庭；球場；宮廷eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))takesb.tocourtfor(doing)sth.因某人做了某事而將其告上法庭eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))god[ɡ?d]n.神，神靈eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))corrupt[k?'r?pt]vt.使腐化，使墮落adj.貪污的，腐敗的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))trial['traI?l]n.審訊，審理；試驗(yàn)；考驗(yàn)eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))defendvt.為……辯護(hù)eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))judge[d??d?]n.法官，審判員；裁判員eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))此處為“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))put...todeath判……死刑eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))poison['p?Izn]n.毒藥；毒物vt.毒害，下毒eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))searchfor尋求，尋找eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾people。eq\a\vs4\al()對他來說不幸的是，蘇格拉底問得太多了。每遇到一個(gè)人，他都要提出一些具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，惹惱了雅典的許多人。最后，一些人對他忍無可忍，于是便把他送上了法庭，罪名是質(zhì)疑希臘眾神的存在和腐蝕雅典的年輕人。在審判中，他卻向法官們提出更多問題，以此為自己辯護(hù)。這更是雪上加霜。最后，他被迫喝下毒藥而被處死。由于他的死，蘇格拉底成了所有探求真理的人心目中的英雄。[學(xué)生用書P66]declarevt.&vi.宣布，宣稱；斷言，聲明；斷言……為……(教材P55)Thenextday,USPresidentFranklinRooseveltaskedthattheUSdeclarewaragainstJapan.第二天，美國總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·羅斯福向日本宣戰(zhàn)。eq\a\vs4\al()declaresb./sth.tobe 宣布某人或某事物……declarefor/against 贊成/反對……declarewar(on/against) (向……)宣戰(zhàn)declaresth.open/closed 宣布……開始/結(jié)束 ①Thepopularactressdeclaredrecentlythatshewouldmarryarichgentlemanandretirefromthestage.那位著名演員最近宣布她要和一位有錢的紳士結(jié)婚，并退出演藝圈。②Britaindeclaredwaron/against_Germanyin1914.英國在1914年向德國宣戰(zhàn)。③Whenwilltheresultsoftheelectionbe_declared(declare)?選舉的結(jié)果什么時(shí)候宣布？declare指正式地、明確地向公眾“宣布；宣告；聲明”，側(cè)重“當(dāng)眾”發(fā)表，多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判等announce指正式地“公開；發(fā)表；宣布”，側(cè)重“預(yù)告”人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——選詞填空(declare/announce)(1)Theschoolofficeannouncedthatthesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.(2)AnItalianphysicianhasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirsttocloneahumanbeing.(3)Thenewspaperpublishedanarticletoannouncetheendofthewar.[能力提升]——完成句子(4)老師宣布他為我們的班長。Theteacherdeclared_him_(to_be/as)ourmonitor.aheadadv.(時(shí)間、空間)在前面；提前，預(yù)先；領(lǐng)先(教材P58)Bytheageofthirty,hehadalreadyoccupiedmorelandthananyonebefore,anditseemedthatmoreglorywaswaitingaheadofhim.亞歷山大30歲時(shí)便已占領(lǐng)了遼闊的疆域，前無古人，前面似乎還有更多的輝煌在等著他。eq\a\vs4\al()aheadof (空間)在……前面；(時(shí)間)早于……；領(lǐng)先goahead 前進(jìn)；(表示允許)干吧，用吧①Youngpeopleoftenlookaheadtothefuturewhiletheelderlylookbackatthepast.年輕人常思將來，老年人常思既往。②ThetimeinLondonisfivehoursahead_ofthetimeinNewYork.倫敦時(shí)間要比紐約時(shí)間早五個(gè)小時(shí)。③Shewasalwayswellahead_oftherestoftheclass.她總是遙遙領(lǐng)先班上其他的同學(xué)。④—MayIuseyourcar？——我可以用你的車嗎？—Go_ahead．——用吧。awareadj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺到的(教材P59)Inmanycases,hisquestionsmadehisstudentsawareoftheirownerrors.在很多情況下，他的問題使得他的學(xué)生們意識(shí)到他們自己的錯(cuò)誤。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)be/beeawareof 對……知道，明白；意識(shí)到……beawarethat-clause 知道，體會(huì)到……as/sofarasI’maware 據(jù)我所知(2)awarenessn. 意識(shí)，知道①Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.總之，全世界的人們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到水資源短缺的真實(shí)情況。②Mostsmokersareperfectlyaware_of_thedangersofsmoking.大多數(shù)吸煙者完全知道吸煙的危害。③So/AsfarasI’maware,thisfilmisnotsuitableforlittlechildren.據(jù)我所知，這部電影不適合小孩子看。④Itisimportantthatstudentsdevelopanawareness(aware)ofvaluingparents’love.重要的是學(xué)生們要逐漸懂得珍惜父母的愛。[巧學(xué)活用]——完成句子(1)作為社會(huì)的一員，我意識(shí)到有責(zé)任感是建設(shè)一個(gè)更好的社會(huì)所需要的。Asamemberofthesociety,I_am_aware_thatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.(2)只有你意識(shí)到英語的重要性你才能學(xué)好英語。Onlyifyou_are_aware_oftheimportanceofEnglishcanyoulearnitwell.judgen．法官，審判員；裁判員vt.斷定；判斷；評價(jià)(教材P59)Athistrial,hedefendedhimselfbyaskinghisjudgesyetmorequestions.在審判中，他卻向法官們提出更多問題，以此為自己辯護(hù)。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)judge...from/by... 根據(jù)……判斷……judging...by/from... 從……來看，根據(jù)……來判斷(2)judgementn. 看法，判斷；審判①Thejudgesentencedhimtofiveyearsinprison.法官判他五年監(jiān)禁。②Asthesayinggoes,“weshouldneverjudgeapersonby/fromhislooks.”常言道，我們不能以貌取人。③Judging_fromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.根據(jù)他所說的來判斷，他一定是個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。④Irespecthis_judgement(judge)andI’llfollowanyadvicehegivesme.我尊重他的判斷能力，會(huì)接受他提出的任何建議。judgingfrom/by用在句首時(shí)，為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式。[巧學(xué)活用]——用judge的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Schoolstendtobe_judgedbytheperformanceoftheirstudentsinexams.(2)Judgingfromthenumberofcars,hethoughttherewerenotmanypeopleattheclubyet.inmemoryof紀(jì)念(教材P55)InmemoryoftheAmericanswhodiedintheattack,anationalmemorialwasbuiltinPearlHarborjustabovetheremainsoftheArizona.為了紀(jì)念在此次襲擊中死去的美國人，在珍珠港“亞利桑那號(hào)”的遺跡上建立了國家紀(jì)念館。eq\a\vs4\al()inpraiseof 贊美，歌頌inhonourof 紀(jì)念；向……表示敬意insearchof 尋找inchargeof 負(fù)責(zé)；掌管①Shesetupaneducationalfundinmemoryofherparents.她成立了一個(gè)教育基金會(huì)來紀(jì)念她的父母。②Anewmonumentwhichsomeworkersarebusybuildingisin_memory_ofthenationalhero.工人們正忙著建的紀(jì)念碑是紀(jì)念這位民族英雄的。③Canyoutellmewhoisin_charge_ofthewholepany?你能告訴我誰負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)公司嗎？nodoubt無疑，確實(shí)(教材P58)WhenaskedhowastatuefromdistantGreececouldhaveappearedinChina,researchersexplainedthatnodoubtthiswasaresultofAlexandertheGreat’sinfluence.當(dāng)被問及來自遙遠(yuǎn)希臘的塑像怎么會(huì)出現(xiàn)在中國時(shí)，研究人員解釋說，這無疑是亞歷山大大帝的影響所致。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)Idon’tdoubtthat... 我確信……Idoubtwhether... 我不敢確定……(2)Thereisnodoubtthat... 毫無疑問……Thereis(some)doubtwhether... 對……持有疑問。Thereisnodoubtabout/ofsth. 毫無疑問……sb.havenodoubtthat 某人確信……sb.havedoubtwhether... 某人懷疑……indoubt 懷疑withoutdoubt 無疑地，必定 ①ThereisnodoubtthatBoonieBearsisthemostsuccessfulcartoonmovieinrecentyears.毫無疑問，《熊出沒》是最近幾年最成功的動(dòng)畫片。②Thereissomedoubtwhetherhecanwinthefirstprize.他是否能贏得一等獎(jiǎng)還有些疑問。③Idon’t_doubt_thatspecialclassescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.我確信特殊班級(jí)能夠幫助這些有天賦的學(xué)生提前畢業(yè)，更早地在生活中找到他們的位置。④ThereisnodoubtthatitishisachievementsthathavewonhimtheNobelPrize.毫無疑問，是他的成就為他贏得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。(1)當(dāng)doubt作名詞時(shí)，在肯定句中接whether(不可用if)引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；在否定句中用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(2)當(dāng)doubt作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中接whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，也可用if替換whether；在否定句、疑問句中后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。rise(up)against起義，造反，反抗(教材P58)However,manycitiesroseupagainstAlexander,soheledanarmytotakethemback.然而，許多城邦趁勢作亂，反對亞歷山大，于是他便率領(lǐng)一支軍隊(duì)奪回了這些城邦。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)riseup 起義risetoone’sfeet 站起身(2)giveriseto 引起，使發(fā)生ontherise 在上漲，在增加①Rebelsroseagainstgovernmentandbegankillingpeople.叛亂分子反抗政府并濫殺無辜。②Suddenlyherosetohisfeettoquestionthechairmanofthemeeting.他突然站起來質(zhì)問大會(huì)主席。③Sadly,arttheftison_the_rise．不幸的是，名畫失竊日益攀升。edownwith患(病),得(傳染性的病)(教材P58)Yet,in323BC,hecamedownwithafeveranddied.然而，在公元前323年，他發(fā)燒生病去世了。eq\a\vs4\al()eabout 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生eacross 偶然遇到eout 出現(xiàn)；出版，發(fā)表eup 被提到，被提起，出現(xiàn)eupwith 提出；提供eto 共計(jì) ①Putonmoreclothes,oryou’lledownwithacoldsoon.多穿點(diǎn)吧，要不你很快就會(huì)感冒的。②Itwasseveralweeksbeforethetruthofthemattercameout.事實(shí)真相幾個(gè)星期以后才得到披露。③Ihopehecaneupwithabetterideatosolvetheproblem.我希望他能提出一個(gè)較好的辦法解決這個(gè)問題。[巧學(xué)活用]——完成句子當(dāng)談到我最喜歡的季節(jié)，我立刻會(huì)想到春天。When_it_es_to_the_seasonIlikebest,springwillalwaysoccurtomeinnotime.(教材P58)WhenaskedhowastatuefromdistantGreececouldhaveappearedinChina,researchersexplainedthatnodoubtthiswasaresultofAlexandertheGreat’sinfluence.當(dāng)被問及來自遙遠(yuǎn)希臘的塑像怎么會(huì)出現(xiàn)在中國時(shí)，研究人員解釋說，這無疑是亞歷山大大帝的影響所致。eq\a\vs4\al()couldhaveappeared是對過去的推測。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone表示對過去事情的推測，常見用法如下：(1)must＋have＋done表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定。(2)can’t/couldn’t＋have＋done表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。(3)can＋have＋done表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成“可能做過……嗎？”(4)may/might＋have＋done表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中。might比may可能性小。①Jerrydidnotregretgivingthementbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.杰里不后悔給出評論，但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達(dá)的。②Itmust_have_rainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。③Georgecan’t_have_gone(notgo)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.喬治不可能走得太遠(yuǎn)。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。④—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?——喬治發(fā)生了什么事？—Idon’tknow.Hemay_have_got_lost．——我不知道，他可能迷路了。(教材P58)Sincehehadnoson,hisgeneralsdividedhisvastkingdomamongthemselves.由于他沒有兒子，他的將軍們便瓜分了他龐大的王國。eq\a\vs4\al()since“既然；因?yàn)椤?，從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。另外，表示原因的詞還有because,as和for。這四個(gè)詞的語氣由強(qiáng)至弱依次為：because→since→as→for；其中because,since,as為從屬連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，for為并列連詞。①Sincehesaidso,itmustbetrue.既然他這么說，那一定是真的。②Sincewe’venomoney,wecan’taffordit.因?yàn)槲覀儧]錢，我們買不起它。because“因?yàn)椤保碇苯釉?，回答why的提問，一般放在主句之后since“因?yàn)?，既然”?cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由，從句一般放在句首，不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中(＝nowthat)as“由于，鑒于”主從并重，從句說明顯然已知的理由，主句說明結(jié)果，是常用詞，多置于主句之前，不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中for“因?yàn)?，由于”表明附加或補(bǔ)充說明理由，引導(dǎo)的分句前常有逗號(hào)，for分句只可置于另一句之后[巧學(xué)活用]——用上述詞匯填空(1)Westayedathomebecauseitrained.(2)Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.(3)Asitwaslate,Imadehastetogo.(4)Iremendseeingthisprogram,foritisveryexcitingandinteresting.[學(xué)生用書P70]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．PeoplesayRomeisacitywithmany____________(雕像)．答案：statues2．____________(軍隊(duì))weresenttostoptheriots.答案：Troops3．Theyhadto____________(前進(jìn))acrossthedesert.答案：march4．Ahugepalacewasconstructedat____________(巨大的)publicexpense.答案：vast5．Hefearedthatsomeonehad____________(下毒)hisfood.答案：poisoned6．Thegovernment____________(宣布)waronthedrugdealers.答案：declared7．Youshould____________(教育)yourchildrentobehavewell.答案：educate8．Heisavery____________(幸運(yùn))mantohavesuchabeautifulhouse.答案：fortunate9．Themarriage____________(儀式)tookplaceinthechurch.答案：ceremony10．Afteryearsofneglecting,thepalacehasbeenrestoredtoitsformer____________(壯麗)．答案：gloryeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)選詞填空inmemoryof；riseup；edownwith；gettiredof；beawareof1．Ifyou____________allthat,youwouldchangeyourmind.答案：wereawareof2．Itwasnotlongbeforethewholecountry____________．答案：roseup3．Theypresentedasumofmoneytothecollege____________theirson.答案：inmemoryof4．I____________fluandwasunabletogotowork.答案：camedownwith5．He____________teachingandswitchedtopainting.答案：gottiredofeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完成句子1．既然你無法回答這個(gè)問題，或許我們最好再問問別人。________________________________，perhapswe’dbetterasksomeoneelse.答案：Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion2．她去年本來可以考上大學(xué)的。She__________________theentranceexaminationlastyear.答案：couldhavepassed3．毫無疑問熬夜更有可能導(dǎo)致人的過分焦慮。__________________thatstayingupismorelikelytoresultinover-anxiety.答案：Thereisnodoubt4．他說他獨(dú)立完成了這項(xiàng)工作。He____________hehaddonetheworkhimself.答案：declaredthat5．既然風(fēng)向變了，他們只好把船掉過頭來。__________________，theyhadtobringtheshipround.答案：Sincethewindchangedeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)課文語篇改錯(cuò)Unfortunatelyforhim,Socratesquestionedtoomuch.Hewasalwaysaskedchallengingquestionstoeveryonehemet,upsetmanypeopleinAthens.Final,somepeoplehadhadenoughofhim,andtheytookhimtocourtforquestioningtheexistenceoftheGreekgodsandforcorruptingtheyoungpeopleofAthens.Onhistrial,hedefendedhimbyaskinghisjudgesyetmorequestions.Thisjustmadeabadsituationbad.Finallyhewasputdeathbybeingforcedtodrinkpoisons.Throughhisdeath,Socratesbecametheheroofallpeoplewhosearchedforthetruth.答案：Unfortunatelyforhim,Socratesquestionedtoomuch.Heeq\a\vs4\al(was)alwaysaskedchallengingquestionstoeveryonehemet,eq\f(upset,upsetting)manypeopleinAthens.eq\f(Final,Finally)，somepeoplehadhadenoughofhim,eq\f(and,so)theytookhimtocourtforquestioningtheexistenceoftheGreekgodsandforcorruptingtheyoungpeopleofAthens.eq\f(On,At)histrial,hedefendedeq\f(him,himself)byaskinghisjudgesyetmorequestions.Thisjustmadeabadsituationeq\f(bad,worse).Finallyhewasputeq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))deathbybeingforcedtodrinkeq\f(poisons,poison).Throughhisdeath,Socratesbecametheheroofallpeoplewhoeq\f(searched,search)forthetruth.A卷[學(xué)生用書P125(單獨(dú)成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．____________hecan’twintherace,hemayaswellquit.答案：Since2．Hecould____________(finish)itonschedule,butsomehowhefellbehind.答案：havefinished3．Weedown____________illnessesmoreeasilywhenunderstress.答案：with4．Atlasttheslavesrose____________theircruelmasters.答案：against5．Thereisnodoubt____________familyeducationaffectschildren’sgrowth.答案：that6．Hefoundedthecharity____________memoryofhislatewife.答案：in7．____________(judge)byheraccent,shemustbefromSichuan.答案：Judging8．Thereisageneral____________(aware)thatsmokingisharmful.答案：awareness9．Thecountryhadnootherchoicebut____________(declare)warontheirenemy.答案：todeclare10．Apunctualpersonalwaysfinisheseverythingahead____________time.答案：ofeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AThelargestchariotpit(戰(zhàn)車坑)ofrelicswithcartsandhorseboneshasbeendiscoveredinHenanProvince.ItmayleadtotheuncoveringofchariotpitgroupsthatcouldbeakeytounderstandingChinesecivilizationsthatexistedmorethan2，000yearsago.Expertssaidtherelicsaredatedmorethan300yearsearlierthanthefamouswarriors(武士)inShaanxiProvince.Whatexcitedtheexpertsweretwootherprojectsthatlocatedtwohugepitswithsimilarfeatures.“Itisabsolutelyamiracle.Theserelicsindicatethattherecouldbeatombgroupinthisarea,whichislikelytobeimportantforChina’sarchaeological(考古學(xué)的)studies.”saidMaJuncai,aleadingrelicresearcherintheprovince.InancientChina,carts,sheep,spoonsandsoonwereburiedtoensurethatdeadpeoplehadahappyafterlife.Thenumberandqualityofthesacrificesindicatedthesocialstatusofthedead.ThecustomwascarriedintotheQinDynasty.EmperorQinshihuang’stomb,locatednearXi’an,thecapitalofShaanxiProvince,isacpaniedbythousandsofwoodorclayfiguresofwarriorsandhorses.Thetombisprobablythemostwell-known.Thediscoveredpitmeasures10.4meterslong,8.4meterswideand5metersdeep.Itholds20cartsindifferentsizes.Thesmallestoneis1.05meterslongand1.3meterswide.Expertsthinkthat40horsesarelikelytobefoundaswell.Carefulplansneedtobemadetodealwiththedemandinguncovering.“Theclayisveryweakandasmallmisstepcandestroythewholeproject.That’swhyweneedtotakeeverystepverycarefullytoprotectthesecherishedculturalrelics.”Masaid.【解題導(dǎo)語】一次重大考古發(fā)現(xiàn)再次見證了中華文明的悠久歷史。1．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thedeadpeople’ssacrificesinancientChina.B．China’sarchaeologicalstudies.C．ThediscoveryofalargechariotpitinHenanProvince.D．ThehistoryofChinesecivilizations.C解析：主旨大意題。第一段點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨，由本段中的“Thelargestchariotpit(戰(zhàn)車坑)ofrelics...”可知答案為C。2．AccordingtoMaJuncai,theuncoveringofthethreepitsisamiraclebecause________．A．itshowstheremaybeatombgroupthereB．it’shelpfulindiscoveringEmperorQinshihuang’stombC．therelicsaredatedsuchalongtimeagoD．therelicsaremorethan300yearsolderthantheonesinShaanxiProvinceA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段可知答案為A。3．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that________．A．a(chǎn)lldeadpeoplehadsacrificesinancientChinaB．thediscoveredpitisthemostwell-knownintheworldC．thediscoveredpitdatesbacktotheQinDynastyD．EmperorQinshihuangwantedtomaintainhispowerafterdeathD解析：推理判斷題。第四段提到，陪葬品表明死者想確保死后繼續(xù)過幸福的生活，而秦始皇的陵墓里有非常多的陪葬品，可見秦始皇想在死后繼續(xù)擁有王權(quán)。4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thediscoveryhasdrawntheleadingexperts’attention.B．AlotofculturalrelicshavebeendiscoveredinHenanProvince.C．40horseshavebeendiscoveredtogetherwiththechariotpit.D．Thediscoveredcartsinthechariotpitaresimilarinsize.A解析：推理判斷題。由第三段中的“...MaJuncai,aleadingrelicresearcherintheprovince.”可知，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)吸引了頂級(jí)專家的注意。BChooseYourOne-DayTours!TourA—Bath&StonehengeincludingentrancefeestotheancientRomanbathroomsandStonehenge—￡37until26Marchand￡39thereafter.Visitthecitywithover2，000yearsofhistoryandBathAbbey,theRoyalCrescentandtheCostumeMuseum.Stonehengeisoneoftheworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingbackover5，000years.TourB—Oxford&StratfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary’sChurchTowerandAnneHathaway’shouse—￡32until12Marchand￡36thereafter.Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourofEngland’soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.Lookoverthe“cityofdreamingspires(尖頂)”fromStMary’sChurchTower.Stratford:IncludesaguidedtourexploringmuchoftheShakespearewonder.TourC—WindsorCastle&HamptonCourtincludingentrancefeestoHamptonCourtPalace—￡34until11Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofWindsorandHamptonCourt,HenryMill’sfavoritepalace.FreetimetovisitWindsorCastle(entrancefeesnotincluded).With500yearsofhistory,HamptonCourtwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen.Nowthisformerroyalpalaceisopentothepublicasamajortouristattraction.Visitthepalaceanditsvarioushistoricgardens,whichincludethefamousmaze(迷宮)whereitiseasytogetlost!TourD—CambridgeincludingentrancefeestotheTowerofSaintMarytheGreat—￡33until18Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofCambridge,thefamousuniversitytown,andthegardensofthe18thcentury.5．WhichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttoseeEngland’soldestuniversitycity?A．TourA B．TourBC．TourC D．TourDB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在TourB中提到“Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourofEngland’soldestuniversitycityandcolleges”，因此答案是B項(xiàng)。6．Whichofthefollowingtourschargesthelowestfeeon17March?A．WindsorCastle&HamptonCourt.B．Oxford&Stratford.C．Bath&Stonehenge.D．Cambridge.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合本文信息可知，在3月17日這一天四個(gè)景點(diǎn)的票價(jià)分別為：￡37,￡36,￡37,￡33，因此最低票價(jià)在Cambridge。7．WhyisHamptonCourtamajortouristattraction?A．Itusedtobethehomeofroyalfamilies.B．Itusedtobeawell-knownmaze.C．ItistheoldestpalaceinBritain.D．Itisaworld-famouscastle.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TourC中的“With500yearsofhistory,HamptonCourtwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen.”可知，這里曾經(jīng)是國王和皇后的住所，因此現(xiàn)在成為了主要的旅游勝地。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法填空It’sastorythattookplaceinJuly1915.Henryandhiseight-year-olddaughter，Pearl，were1.____________(excite)aboutthepanytripthenextday.Buttheydidn’tgointheend.Why?Thatevening，Henryhadaviolentargument2.____________hislandlord(房東)．Theargumentendedwiththelandlord’s3.____________(damage)anartworkoftheVirginMary.ThatwasHenry’sfavorite4.____________(paint)．Hewassoupsetwhenhe5.____________(realize)thepaintinghadbeendamaged.Onthefollowingdayhefellillandcouldn’ttakethetrip.Bothof6.____________(they)wereverysadaboutthatbecausetheyreallyexpected7.____________(take)thetrip.Buttwodayslater，theyknewtheywere8.____________(extreme)luckytohavemissedthecruise(航行)ontheSSEastland.ThatdayHenryreadinthenewspaperthatthecruisehadsunkwithover800peopleonboard.HenryandPearldidn’tdieinthatincident9.____________theydidn’ttakethetrip.HenryismygrandfatherandPearlismymother.Thankstothatargument100yearsago，22descendants(子孫)couldetotheworldlater.Astheoldsayinggoes，“Misfortunemaybe10.____________actualblessing(福氣)．”Sodon’tbetoosadwhensomethingbadhappens.Itmayturnouttobesomethinggood.【解題導(dǎo)語】作者的外祖父和媽媽因?yàn)闆]有外出旅游而躲過了一次劫難。1．excited解析：考查