功能對等理論視角下的電影字幕漢譯研究

吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文題目名稱：功能對等理論視角下的電影字幕漢譯研究學(xué)生姓名：--專業(yè)年級：英語專業(yè)08級指導(dǎo)教師：--職稱：講師2012年05月ContentsTitle IIntroductionInrecentyears,withglobalizationgoingon,theinternationalcommunicationandcooperationaredevelopingrapidly.Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheimportanceofculturalintegration.Foreignfilms,oneofthemostinfluentialmedia,areacceptedbymoreandmoreChineseaudience.Formostpeople,importedfilmsarethemostcommonwaytohaveaccesstoforeigncultureandlifestyles.Therefore,thetranslationofimportedfilmshasbeendevelopedsorapidlyandtheimportanceoffilmsubtitlingtranslationbecomesincreasinglyclear.However,thestudyonscreentranslationhasseldombeencarriedoutwithappropriatetheoreticalframes.Inviewofthis,thispaperaimstocarryoutsomeresearchonfilmsubtitlingtranslation,fromtheperspectiveofNida’sFunctionalEquivalenceTheory,withtwofilmsInceptionandKungFuPanda,hopingtohelptopromoteourfilmsubtitlingtranslation’stheoreticalandpragmaticstudy.Thethesisconsistsoffivechapters:ChapterIservesastheintroduction,brieflyanalyzingthebackground,purposeandlayoutofthisthesis.ChapterIIistheliteraturereviewofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory,whichdiscussesdefinitions,features,developmentandcontributionsofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory.ChapterIIIisageneralsurveyoffilmsubtitling,includingdefinitions,classificationandfeaturesoffilmsubtitling.ChapterIVtakestwofilmsofInceptionandKungFuPandaasexamplestostudyfilmsubtitlingtranslationatfivelevels:themorphologicallevel,thesyntacticallevel,thepragmaticallevel,theculturallevelandthestylisticlevelwithintheframeworkofthetheoriesdiscussedinthepreviouschapter.ChapterVistheconclusionofthethesis.ⅡLiteratureReview2.1DefinitionsofFunctionalEquivalenceFunctionalEquivalence,alsocalledDynamicEquivalence,isageneralprinciplethatprofessionaltranslatorsaresupposedtofollow.TherearequiteafewoftranslatorsandscholarswhohavecontributedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofFunctionalEquivale-nce.Earlyin1790,AlexanderFraserTytler,inhisbook“EssayonthePrinciplesofTransl-ation”pointedoutthat“equivalencetranslationtheoryisthatthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransferredintoanotherlanguage,astobeasdistinctlyapprehended,andasstronglyfelt,byanativeofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongs,asitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork.”(Tytler,2007:8)EugeneA.Nidaproposesthe“DynamicEquivalence”anddefineditasfollows:“insuchatranslation,oneisnotsoconcernedwithmatchingthereceptor-languagemessagewiththesource-languagemessage,butwiththedynamicrelationship,thattherelationshipbetweenreceptorandmessageshouldbesubstantiallythesameasthatwhichexistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorsandthemessage.”(Nida,1964:159)Later,heusesthe“FunctionalEquivalence”toreplace“DynamicEquivalence”.Whichmeans“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhoworiginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit.”(Nida,1986:118)2.2FeaturesofFunctionalEquivalenceNida(Nida,1964：66)figuresoutthefeaturesofFunctionalEquivalencetranslation,whichconsistof“equivalent,naturalandcloset”.1.Equivalent,whichpointstowardthesource-languagemessage.“Equivalent”aimsatrepresentingthemeaningoftheoriginaltextmessage.Thebesttranslationtriestoconveytheoriginalmeaningthroughtargetlanguage.2.Natural,whichpointstowardthereceptorlanguage.Forthepurposeofsimilarityofresponse,thetranslationmustbenaturalinsteadof“foreign”intermsofmeaningandstyles.3.Closest,whichbindsthetwoorientationstogetheronthebasisofthehighestdegreeofapproximation.(Nida,1964:166)“Closest”indicatesthatequivalenceintranslationdoesn’tmeanabsolutelyidentitybutmeansakindofapproximation.EquivalencebetweentheSourceText(ST)andtheTargetText(TT)onvariousdegreesorindifferentaspectsshouldbeestablished.2.3DevelopmentofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryEquivalenceTheoryhasbeendevelopedforalongperiod.Earlyin1890,Tytlerindicatedtheequivalenteffectoftranslation.Heproposedhisfamousthreeprinciplesoftranslationandpointedoutthegoaloftranslation.In1953EmileVictorRieuproposedEquivalenteffect,whichmeans“Atranslationwhichattemptstoproduceadynamicratherthanaformalequivalenceisbasedupontheprincipleofequivalenteffect”.(RieuandPhillips,1954:754).RomanJakobson’sstudyofequivalencepromotesthetheoreticalstudyoftranslationsinceheintroducedthenotionof“equivalenceindifference”in1959.In1992,MonaBakerextendedtheconceptofequivalencetocoversimilarityintheinformationflowofSTandTT,andtheequivalencebetweenSTandTTatdifferentlevels.EugeneA.Nidamakesagreatcontributiontothemodernlinguisticsandtranslationtheory.EugeneA.Nida,anAmericanlinguistaswellasatranslationtheorist,makesthedistinctionbetweenFormalEquivalenceandFunctionalEquivalencewhichisputforwardinhismasterpieceTowardaScienceofTranslating.FormalEquivalencetranslationistomakesourcelanguageandtargetlanguagecorrespondenceasmuchaspossibleonformandcontent.Thatistosay,itfocusesonthesepartsincluding:(1)grammaticalunits,(2)consistencyinwordusage,and(3)meaningsintermsofthesourcecontext.Thereproductionofgrammaticalunitsmayconsistin:(a)translationnounsbynouns,verbsbyverbs,etc.(b)keepingallphrasesandsentencesintact(i.e.notsplittingupandreadjustingtheunits);and(c)preservingallformalindicatorse.g.marksofpunctuation,paragraphbreaks,andpoeticindentation.(Nida,1964:20)However,itishardtoachievefullyFormalEquivalenceintranslation,especiallyconcerningthecultureelements,andsometimesitwoulddistortthegrammaticalandstylisticpatternsofthetargetlanguage.In1986,NidaproposedhisFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryonthegroundsofChomsky’sTGgrammartoreplacetheterm“DynamicEquivalence”inthebookFromOneLanguagetoAnother，NidaproposedthattherearetwokindsofdefinitionsofFunctionalEquivalence:themaximalandminimaldefinitions.Amaximal,idealdefinitionofFunctionalEquivalencecouldbestatedas:“thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdid.”(Nida,2004:118)Aminimal,realisticdefinitionofFunctionalEquivalencecouldbestatedas:“thereadersoftranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit.”（Nida,2004:118）Nida’sEquivalenceTheoryhasmadegreatcontributiontothemoderntranslationstudies.InChina,theFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryisoriginatedfromYanfu.Histripleprinciplefortranslation,namely,faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance,whichimpliestheequivalencebetweenSTandTT,isverypopularandinfluential.AfterYanfu,MaoDunoncesaid:“Literarytranslationconveystheartisticconceptionoftheoriginalworkinanotherlanguageandenablesthereadertobeenlightened,movedandtoundergoaestheticexperienceintheprocessofreadingtheversionjustlikehereadstheoriginal.”(WangBingqin,2004:221)HisideaissimilartoNida’sEquivalenceTheory.QuQiubaigaveamorecomprehensivestatementin1931:“AtranslationshouldintroducecorrectlytheoriginalmeaningtotheChinesereadersinacompletelyadequateway,andenablethemtogetconceptsequivalenttothosethereadersofGreatBritain,Russia,Japan,GermanyandFranceextractfromtheoriginal.”(JinDi,2000:14)2.4ContributionsofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryEquivalenceTheoryhasmadegreatcontributionstotranslationbothintheoryandinpracticeasfollows:1.Avoidthepossibilityofmisunderstandingandconfusionwhichiscausedbyliteraltranslation.2.Theconceptof“closestequivalence”meansthattherearedifferencesbetweenlanguagesandculturesanditisimpossibletoachieveabsoluteequivalence.Theequivalenceintranslationcannotbeachievedinitsmathematicalmeaningofidentitybutonlyintermsofproximity.3.FunctionalEquivalenceprovidesanewwaytoevaluatetheefficiencyoradequacyoftranslation,i.e.fromtheresponseofthereceptors.Nidainitiallyproposestoevaluatetheequivalenceoftranslationbyjudgingtheresponsesofreceptors.In1980s,FunctionalEquivalenceTheorywasintroducedintoChinaandmuchfavoredbyChinesescholarsintheacademicfieldoverthenexttenyears.ThetheorybringsaboutthefirstboomingmoderntranslationthoughtsperiodinChina.FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryissowidespreadandsignificantthattranslatorsapplyittodifferentfieldsintranslationpractice.IIIFilmSubtitling3.1DefinitionsofFilmSubtitlingFilmSubtitlingisthewordsprintedoverafilminaforeignlanguagetotranslatewhatisbeingsaidbytheactors.Thetranslatedtextusuallyappearsintwolinesatthefootofthescreensimultaneouslywiththedialogueornarrationgoingoninthesourcelanguage.MerriamWebsterdefinedsubtitlingas“Asubtitleisaprintedstatementorfragmentofdialogueappearingonthescreenbetweenthescenesofasilentmotionpictureorappearingasatranslationatthebottomofthescreenduringthescenesofamotionpictureortelevisionshowinaforeignlanguage.”(MerriamWebster,2008:872)Andtherearequiteafewscholarswhohavegivendefinitionstosubtitling.BirgitNedergaard-Larsendefinedsubtitlingas“aspecialtypeoflanguagetransfer:awritten,condensedtranslationofapredominantlyspokenoriginallanguage.”(Nedergaard-Larsen,1993:212)HenrikGottliebdefinedsubtitlingas“thetranslationofthespoken(orwritten)sourcetextofanaudiovisualproductintoawrittentargettextwhichisaddedontotheimagesoftheoriginalproduct,usuallyatthebottomofthescreen.”(Gottlieb,1994:104)InDictionaryofTranslationStudies,MarkShuttleworthandNickCowiedescribedsubtitlingas“theprocessofprovidingsynchronizedcaptionsforfilmandtelevisiondialogue.”(ShuttleworthandCowie,1997:161)3.2ClassificationofFilmSubtitlingAccordingtodifferentstandards,subtitlingcanbedividedintodifferentcategories.Fromtheperspectiveofposition,subtitlingcanbecategorizedintothreetypes.1.‘Opencredittitles’whichappearsatthebeginningofthefilm,includesthefilmtitle,director,leadingactorsoractresses,andmajorproductionmembers.2.‘Endcredittitles’whichappearsafterthemainfeaturefilm,includesdetailedcast,productionmembers,sponsorsandmanyotherproductioninformation.3.‘Mainsubtitles’whichcoverthemainfeaturefilm.Fromalinguisticviewpoint,Gottliebdistinguishedtwotypesofsubtitling:“intra-lingualsubtitling”and“inter-lingualsubtitling.”(Baker,2004:247)1.Intra-lingualsubtitlingistoconvertthewordsofthefilmintothetextanddonotneedtotranslateonelanguageintoanotherlanguage,andthiskindofsubtitleistoservethehearing-impairedspectators.2.Inter-lingualsubtitlingisthesubtitlingcrossesoverfromspeechinonelanguagetowritinginanother,thuschangingmodeandlanguage,andthesubtitlesareplacedatthebottomofthescreen,eithercenteredorleft-aligned.3.3FeaturesofFilmSubtitlingAsHenrikGottlieb,aleadingauthorityonsubtitlingsaysthat:”subtitlingisvisual,involvingthesuperimpositionofwrittentextontothescreen.”(Baker,2004:74)Subtitlingisauniqueformoftranslationandhasspecialcharacteristics:1.written,2.additive,3.immediate,4.synchronousand5.polymedia.1.Writtenisopposedtothespoken-nature,whichisdifferentfromotherkindsofscreentranslation.2.Additivemeansthatinsubtitling,verbalmaterialisaddedtotheoriginal,inordertomaintainthesourcelanguagediscourse.3.Immediatereferstothefactthatinfilmicmediaalldiscourseispresentedinaflowingmanner,whichlisteners,viewers,orreaderscan’tcontrol.4.Synchronousreferstothefactthattheoriginalfilmandthetranslateddialogarepresentedatthesametime.5.Polymedialstatesthefactthatatleasttwoparallelchannelsareusedtoconveythetotalmessageoftheoriginal.(Gottlieb,1992:162)IVE-CFilmSubtitlingTranslationfromthePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryAccordingtotheFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandthediscussioninthepreviouschapter,goodtranslationoughttotransferthemessageintoanotherlanguageasfaithfullyandthoroughlyaspossible,sothatthereaderofthetargetlanguageisabletohavethesameclearunderstandingandsamestrongfeelingforthemessageasthereaderoftheoriginalwork.Itisalsothecasewithsubtitling.Theaimofsubtitlingistotransferthemessageofthemovie’soriginallanguageintosubtitlesofthetargetlanguagesothattheaudiencewillcompletelyunderstandandappreciatethemovie.Intranslation,theFunctionalEquivalenceshouldbecarriedoutatthemorphological,thesyntactical,thepragmatical,theculturalandthestylisticlevel.Inthefollowingpart,thetwomoviesofInceptionandKungFuPandaareusedasexamplestoanalyzetheE-CfilmsubtitlingtranslationfromtheperspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory.4.1FunctionalEquivalenceattheMorphologicalLevel4.1.1CoversionInthesubtitlingtranslation,weshouldabandontheformofpeer-to-peer,i.e.giveupwordclassequivalenceandconvertthemintoitscorrespondingwordclass,toseekFunctionalEquivalence.1.VerbtoNoun(v.-n.)Example1:Wecantrain(v.)yoursubconscioustodefenditselffromeventhemostskilledextractor.我們提供潛意識防衛(wèi)訓(xùn)練(n.)，能夠抵御最高超的意念盜竊。（Inception）2.NountoVerb(n.-v.)Example2:Itisanecessaryrisk(n.)有必要去冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)(v.)。(Inception)3.AdjectivetoVerb(adj.-v.)Example3:Itwasneverenough(adj.)forTaiLung泰狼永遠(yuǎn)也不知足(v.)。(KungFuPanda)4.AdverbtoVerb(adv.-v.)Example4:ButwhenOogwaysaidotherwise(adv.),whatdidyoudo?但當(dāng)烏龜拒絕(v.)我的時(shí)候，你都干了什么？(KungFuPanda)5.NountoAdjective(n.-adj.)Example5:HowcanIeveracquireenoughdetailtomakethemthinkthatit’sreality(n.)?夢境要設(shè)計(jì)的多詳細(xì)，才能讓他們感覺那是真的(adj.)?(Inception)Thesearejustsomeexamplesofwordclassconversionandthereareothertypesofconversioninactualsubtitlingtranslation.Thetranslatorshouldbeawareoftheimportanceofwordclassconversioninordertoachievethemaximalequivalenceofthesubtitlingtranslation.4.1.2AmplificationDuringthefilmdialogues,sometimestherearesomeuncertaintyorambiguityintheutteranceifthesubtitlingisnotaddedenoughrelevantinformation.Therefore,itisnecessaryforthetranslatorstoaddtheomittedinformationorbackgroundknowledgetomakethemeaningofthefilmfullyexplicit.Hereisanexample:Example6:Neverentirearea.-whynot?但是不要利用記憶打造整片區(qū)域。-為什么?(Inception)Thetranslatoradded“但是”becauseinChinesetheconjunctionappearsmorefrequentlythaninEnglishandadded“利用記憶”toexplainthewholearea,thepurposeistohelpChineseaudienceunderstandthestory.4.1.3OmissionOmissionhappenswhentheinformationisnotimportantenoughtobetranslated,orwhentheinformationisredundantorrepetitiousandomissionintranslationwon’thinderthecommunication.Example7:Causetherewerestillsometimeontheclockandyoucan’twakeupwithinadream.因?yàn)闀r(shí)間還沒跑完，妳不能從自己的夢境中醒來。(Inception)InChinesethereisno“therebe”sentencepattern.Therefore,inordertocomplywithChinesehabitsandFunctionalEquivalence,“there”shouldbeomitted.4.1.4NegationExample8:ButOogwaysawdarknessinhisheartandrefused.但烏龜看見了他心中的陰暗沒有同意。(KungFuPanda)Example9:Mindtellingyoursubconscioustotakeiteasy?叫你的潛意識別這么大驚小怪好嗎？（Inception）ThecharacteristicsofnegationarethattheSTispositiveexpression,butthetranslationisnegative,orviceversa.Intheaboveexamples,“refused”istranslatedinto“沒有同意”,and“takeiteasy”istranslatedinto“別這么大驚小怪”,whichbotharetranslatedfromthenegativeside,andmaketheaudiencehavethesameresponsetothefilmastheoriginallanguagereadersdo.4.2FunctionalEquivalenceattheSyntacticalLevelInordertoseekFunctionalEquivalenceatthesentencelevel,sometimeswehavetochangesentencepatternortoadjustthewordorderofsentences,etc,inordertomeettheneedsofthetargetlanguageaudience.4.2.1SentencePatternExample10:Butsometimes,itfeelslikeit’salmostcreatingitself,ifyouknowwhatImean.但有的時(shí)候它不知不覺就自己設(shè)計(jì)完成了，了解我的意思嗎？(Inception)“IfyouknowwhatImean”isastatementhereandittranslatedintoaninterrogativesentencetoreachFunctionalEquivalencebetweenSTandTT.4.2.2SentenceOrderExample11:Yeah,Icrossiteverydaytogettothecollege.沒錯(cuò)，我每天上學(xué)都會(huì)經(jīng)過。(Inception)Example12:Andthatisclearlyimpossibleifthatoneissomeonelikeyou.像你這樣的人是絕對不可能的。(KungFuPanda)Ifthesetwosentencesaretranslatedliterally,thefirstonewouldbe“我經(jīng)過它每天去上學(xué)”andthesecondonewouldbe“那是絕對不可能的如果像你這樣的人”theyareverystrangeinChinese.InordertocatertotheChineseaudience,“我每天上學(xué)都會(huì)經(jīng)過”and“像你這樣的人是絕對不可能的”aremorescientific.4.3FunctionalEquivalenceatthePragmaticalLevelPragmaticsisthestudyoflanguageinuse,focusingonthestudyofspeaker'smeaning,utterancemeaningorcontextualmeaning.Peopleuselanguagetotransmitinformation,exchangeideasandsoon.Thiskindofverbalcommunicationiscarriedonundercertaincircumstances,inaparticularway,withaparticularobject,aroundthespecificpurpose.Asentence,withdifferentcommunicativepurpose,hasdifferentmeanings.Therefore,inordertoachieveFunctionalEquivalenceatthepragmaticallevel,whenwetranslateanarticle,onlyconsideringthegrammar,vocabularyandrhetoricisnotenough,wemustconsiderthemeaningofsentencesinthecontext.Pragmaticsisalsotryingtoemphasizetheintentionofthelanguageusers.Example13:Okey,makesureyoudo.We’reheretowork.處理快一點(diǎn)，我們可是來辦正事的。(Inception)Iftheabovesentenceistranslatedas“我們是來工作的”itwouldmakeChineseaudiencefeelveryblunt.Infact,thespeakerintendstoremindthelistenerwhatwecamefor,so“辦正事”isbetter.Example14:Yesterdayishistory；Tomorrowismystery；Todayisagift.昨天已成歷史;明天還很神秘;今天是上天賜給的禮物。(KungFuPanda)Thissentenceusesthree“is”,butindifferentsituationithasdifferentmeanings.Thefirstmaybetranslatedinto“已成”,thesecondisomitted,andthethirdcanbetranslated“賜給”.Thereaderscanunderstandittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveappreciatedit.4.4FunctionalEquivalenceattheCulturalLevelLanguagemustbeinvestigatedfromtheculturalaspecttoachievetheculturalequivalenceintranslation,becausethesourcelanguagesubtitlinghasitsculturalconnotations.Example15:Hetraveledthelandinsearchofworthyfoes.他走遍天涯，獨(dú)孤求敗。(KungFuPanda)Ifwetranslatethissentenceliterally,“他到處旅行，尋找有價(jià)值的敵人。”Thereisnoproblemfromtheperspectiveofsemantics,butithasnoculturalmeaningatall.PeoplewhoarefamiliarwithChinesemartialartsknowthat“獨(dú)孤求敗”isthecharacterofJinYong'snovels,whohasextremelyhighstrength,hasnorival.ThetranslationherereflectstheChineseculturalelements.Example16:It’sverydifficultforamanofyourpositiontokeepalovenestlikethissecret.像你這種有身份有地位的人想要金屋藏嬌，很難不被發(fā)現(xiàn)。(Inception)“金屋藏嬌”isanidiomthathasChineseculturalconnotations.WhentheHanEmperorWuwasyounghelikedhiscousinChenAjiaoverymuch,andhesaidifhecouldmarryher,hewouldbuildagoldenhouseforhertolivein.Theidiomhasthemeaningofmarryingconcubines.ThiskindoftranslationcanmaketheChineseaudiencehavethesameresponseastheoriginallanguagereadersdo.4.5FunctionalEquivalenceattheStylisticLevelThefilmlanguageisgenerallyininformalstyle.Therewillbealotofcolloquiallanguage.Therefore,thesubtitlingtranslationalsotendstousespokenlanguage,andevensomepopularlanguage.Example17:Iprobablysuckedmoretodaythananyoneinthehistoryofkungfu.我遜斃了，恐怕是功夫界有史以來最遜的。(KungFuPanda)Theoriginalmeaningofsuckis“drawintothemouthbycreatingapracticalvacuuminthemouth”butthemeaningofthissentenceisthatthepanda’skungfuisnotverygood.“遜”isaverypopularword,moreinlinewiththetargetfilmaudience'staste.Example18:Bynow,theyknowwefailed.It’stimewedisappear.現(xiàn)在，他們知道我們失敗了。是時(shí)候該閃人了。(Inception)TheChinesecharacter“閃”meanstogoanditisawordthatyoungsterslovetousefrequently.Translating“disappear”into“閃”willbemorevividthan“去”or“消失”.Ifthefilmtranslationcanberealizedatfivelevels:themorphologicallevel,thesyntacticallevel,thepragmaticallevel,theculturallevelandthestylisticlevel,theaudienceoftranslatedfilmcanappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalaudiencedid.VConclusionThetheoryofFunctionalEquivalencehasbeenwidelyadoptedbymanytranslatorssinceitwaspresented.Itpaysmuchmoreattentiontotargetlanguagereceptors’responseinadifferentcultureratherthanlanguageforms.Itaimsatmakingtargetreceptors’responsetothetargettextessentiallythesameastheoriginalreceptors’responsetotheoriginaltext.Filmsubtitlingtranslationisaspecialbranchofliterarytranslationwithspecialcharacteristics.ThisthesisisanattempttoapplyNida’sFunctionalEquivalenceTheorytothefilmsubtitlingtranslationbasedonitsspecialfeatures.ThedataarecollectedfromthetwofilmsofInceptionandKungFuPanda.ThestudyshowsFunctionalEquivalenceinfilmsubtitlingtranslationcanberealizedatdifferentlevels:themorphologicallevel,thesyntacticallevel,thepragmaticallevel,theculturallevelandthestylisticlevel.Languageformsmustbesacrificedinordertoconveythemeaningandflavorsoftheoriginalfilmascloseaspossibletotargetlanguageinmostsituations.Althougheffortshavebeenmadetocertifythatthethesisisvalidandconvincing,therearestillsomelimitations.Thereismoreorlesspersonaljudgmentontheeffectivenessofcertaintheory.Inevitably,differentreadersmayhavedifferentcriterionofevaluationtowardatranslationtheory.ThedataarecollectedonlyfromtwofilmsasexamplestostudyfilmsubtitlingtranslationfromtheperspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandonlyfocusonfilmsubtitlingtranslationfromEnglishtoChinese.Greateffortsandfurtherresearcharestillneededtofindandestablishmaturetheoriesonfilmsubtitlingtranslation.Atthesametime,morefilmsaresupposedtobestudiedandthefilmsubtitlingtranslationfromChinesetoEnglishwillbeexploredinthefuture.Itiscertainthatfilmsubtitlingtranslationwillgainincreasingconcernsintranslationstudyandmoreandmoretranslatorswilldevotethemselvestothischallengingfield.References[1]Baker,Mona,ed.RoutledgeEncyclopediaofTranslationStudies[Z].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2004:74-84,244-248.[2]Gottlieb,H.(1992).SubtitlingAnewuniversitydiscipline[A].InC.Dollerup&A.Lod-degaard(Eds.).Teachingtranslationandinterpreting:Training,TalentandExperience[C].(pp.161-170).Amsterdam:JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany.[3]HuZhuanglin.Linguistics:ACourseStudy[M].Beijing:PekingUniversityPress,[4]Jakobson,Roman&R.A.Brower.1959.OnLinguisticAspectsofTranslationonTranslation[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard[5]Jakobson,Roman.OnLinguisticAspectsofTranslation[M].OnTranslation,ed.ReubenBrower,Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversity[6]Johnson,K&Johnson,H.EncyclopedicDictionaryofAppliedLinguistics:AHandbookforLanguageTeaching[M].BlackwellPublishing,1999.[7]Nedergaard-Larsen,Birgit.Culture-boundProblemsinSubtitling[J].Perspectives:StudiesinTranslatology1993(2):207-239.[8]Newmark,Peter.ApproachestoTranslatio