定語從句復(fù)習(xí)課件高一英語人教版

定語從句句法1~6三大從句特殊句式一、定語從句二、名詞性從句三、狀語從句一、虛擬語氣二、倒裝句三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句定語從句壹AttributiveClause定語從句?定語從句概述?關(guān)系詞——常規(guī)用法?關(guān)系詞——特殊用法考點(diǎn)：關(guān)系詞（一）何為定語從句※位置Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜歡懶人。形容詞作定語，形容詞作定語要置于被修飾名詞的前面。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.我不喜歡不守信用的人。完整的句子作定語，從句修飾名詞要置于被修飾名詞的后面。定義：用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句定義：用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句※主從句Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.我不喜歡不守信用的人。從句內(nèi)含有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，并且前面有修飾的名詞或者代詞。IcandoeverythingforsomeonewhoIlove.(先行詞是不定代詞someone)我可以為我愛的人做一切。（一）何為定語從句（二）定語從句兩大重要概念，先行詞+關(guān)系詞-【例】Idon’tlikepeople

whoneverkeeptheirword.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞，稱為先行詞關(guān)系詞：1.代詞的作用，重復(fù)指代先行詞并且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分，who指代people并且做從句主語2.連接的作用，連接主句和從句，who連接主句Idon’tlikepeople和從句whoneverkeeptheirword的作用。勤學(xué)勤練找出先行詞+關(guān)系詞1.Heisthemanwholivesnextdoor.他就是住在我隔壁的人2.Thewomanwhomwehavejustseenisafamouswriter.我們剛剛見過的那個(gè)女人是著名的作家3.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.我喜歡有幽默感的男生。(三)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語-【例】Thewomanisafamousdoctorandshelivesnextdoor.關(guān)系代詞有代指和連接作用Thewomanisafamousdoctorwho(=andshe)livesnextdoor.定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后面Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdoctor.Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.定語從句注意點(diǎn)①：關(guān)系詞who代替人稱代詞（如she和they）后，定語從句里就不能再保留這些詞了。*Thewomanwhoshelivesnextdoorisafamousdoctor.*Ilikeguyswhotheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.

-【例】Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdoctor.-【例】Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.定語從句注意點(diǎn)②：二、兩個(gè)從句分別修飾的詞woman和guys，并且充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌某煞?。woman在主句中做主語，guys在主句中作賓語。我們關(guān)注的是關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，不關(guān)心定語從句修飾的是主句的哪個(gè)名詞。

-【例】Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdoctor.-【例】Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.定語從句注意點(diǎn)③：定語從句的主謂一致問題例句1中，謂語動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù),lives例句2中，謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)have定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式是由關(guān)系詞所指代的先行詞來決定而不是取決于關(guān)系詞本身。

-【例】Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdoctor.-【例】Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.(三)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、關(guān)系詞在從句中做動(dòng)詞的賓語-【例】I

liketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.關(guān)系代詞有代指和連接作用I’dreallyliketofindafriend...Icantrustwhomcompletely.定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后面I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhomIcantrustcompletely.HeisthemanandIsawhimyesterday.Heistheman...Isawwhomyesterday.HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.(三)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語-【例】IwanttomakeafriendandIcanshareeverythingwithhim.關(guān)系代詞有代指和連接作用Iwanttomakeafriend...Icanshareeverythingwithwhom.定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后面IwanttomakeafriendwithwhomIcanshareeverythingwith.TheboyismybrotherandIwastalkingwithhimjustnow.Theboyismybrother...Iwastalkingwithwhomjustnow.TheboyismybrotherwhomIwastalkingwithjustnow.TheboywhomIwastalkingwithjustnowismybrother.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語時(shí)，可以省略1.Ireallyliketofindafriend()Icantrustcompletely.2.Heistheman()Isawyesterday.3.Iwanttomakeafriend()Icanshareeverythingwith.4.Theboy()Iwastalkingwithjustnowismybrother.請(qǐng)判斷下列定語從句是否正確，錯(cuò)誤的請(qǐng)改正1.HeisthemanwhoheisteachingusEnglish.2.IreallyliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcompletely.3.IreallyliketofindafriendIcansharealmosteverythingwithhim.關(guān)系詞的作用①連接先行詞和從句②在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分（主、賓、表、定、狀）③替代先行詞Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdoctor.關(guān)系詞的選擇①確定先行詞指人還是指物②確定關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分1.關(guān)系詞的常規(guī)用法先行詞作用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞主語賓語表語定語狀語人who/thatwhom/who/that/×that/×whose物which/thatwhich/that/×（1）限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞（一）先行詞指“人”，才能用who或whomFriendshipisaverydifficultthing.Itishardtohandle.Itcreatesmanydifferentproblems.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhocaredeeplyabouteachother,whosupporteachother.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.友誼是一件很復(fù)雜的事情，它很難處理，有時(shí)還會(huì)帶來許多各總各樣的麻煩。這里我所說的友誼是那種彼此之間能真正互相關(guān)心的朋友，能夠互相支持的朋友，是那種你和他們幾乎可以分享一切的朋友。who和whom的區(qū)別1.Who的前面不能與介詞搭配使用Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.√Iamtalkingaboutfriendswithwhoyoucansharealmosteverything.

×Iamtalkingaboutfriendswithwhomyoucansharealmosteverything.√2.who在從句中主語、賓語都可以做,whom只可做賓語Arichpersonisnottheonewhohasthemost,butistheonewhoneedsleast.一個(gè)富有的人，不是因?yàn)樗麚碛械淖疃?，而是因?yàn)樗枰淖钌?。（二）先行詞指“物”，用關(guān)系詞which-【例】ThetrainisforShenzhen.Ithasjustleft.

關(guān)系詞有代指和連接作用ThetrainisforShenzhen...whichhasjustleft.

定語從句要緊跟在被修飾詞的后面ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShenzhen.

Thisisabook.Iboughtityesterday.

which可以代指很多1.先行詞是單個(gè)的名詞ThecomputerwhichIboughtyesterdayismadeinChina.昨天我買的計(jì)算機(jī)是中國制造的。2.先行詞是一個(gè)短語Helikesclimbingmountains,whichisagoodexercise.他喜歡爬山，這是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。3.先行詞是一個(gè)句子Tomwaslate,whichsurprisedme.湯姆遲到了，這讓我很吃驚。(三）that可以代指“人”，也可以代指“物”-【例】Theytalkedabouttheclassmatesthattheyremembered.-【例】Theytalkedaboutthethingsthattheyremembered.（四）表示人或物的所有關(guān)系，用whose-【例】Iknowafriend.Hisbrotherisapopsinger.

我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)朋友，他的哥哥是一名流行歌手。

Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.-【例】Thesechildrensitsinaclassroom.It’swindowareallbroken.

這些孩子們坐在一個(gè)教室里.這個(gè)教室的窗戶都被打破了。

Thesechildrensitsinaclassroomwhosewindowareallbroken.將下列句子改為由關(guān)系詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.Itwasameeting.It’simportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.這是一個(gè)會(huì)議。在那時(shí)它的重要性我并沒有意識(shí)到。2.Isawagirl.

Herbeautytookmybreathaway.我見到了一個(gè)女孩。她的美貌讓我驚訝不已。【例1】GuJiaisanexcellentmotherwhosesonisverypoliteandadorable.顧佳是一位優(yōu)秀的母親，她的兒子很有禮貌，很可愛。=GuJiaisanexcellentmotherthesonofwhomisverypoliteandadorable.=ofwhomtheson

【例2】Ifeelsorryforthecountrywhosepeoplearesufferingalot.我為這個(gè)人民遭受苦難的國家感到抱歉。=Ifeelsorryforthecountry

aresufferingalot.=

.

注意：whose+n=the+n.+ofwhich/ofwhom

=ofwhich/ofwhom+the+n.翻譯下面的句子1.那些努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生會(huì)通過考試。Thestudentswhostudyhardwillpasstheexam.2.昨天你在公園里看到的女士是我們的英語老師。ThewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.3.你要的書在桌子上。Thebookthatyouwantisonthedesk.先行詞作用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞主語賓語表語定語狀語人who/thatwhom/who/that/×that/×whosewhenwhere物which/thatwhich/that/×whosewhy（1）限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語先行詞通常為：time,day,morning,night,week,year...-【例】IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們見面的那一天。

Wewillneverforgetthemomentwhensheproposedtoyou.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記她向你求婚的那個(gè)時(shí)刻。-【例】1.IwillneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在大學(xué)校園里度過的時(shí)光。2.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我參軍的那一天。where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語先行詞通常為：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country...-【例】ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.這就是我度過我童年的城鎮(zhèn)ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.這就是我出生的城市-【例】ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.

這就是我度過我童年的城鎮(zhèn)

ThisisthetownwhichItoldyoubefore.這就是我以前告訴過你的小鎮(zhèn)why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason，只引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句-【例】ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tcomehere.

這就是我沒來的原因。1.Wewillneverforgetthemoment

when

sheproposedtoyou.2.LastsummerItookmyboyfriendtothecitywhereIgrewup.3.Thisisthereasonwhyyourbossneverdoubtsyou.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句1.Wewillneverforgetthemoment

when

sheproposedtoyou.2.LastsummerItookmyboyfriendtothecity

where

Igrewup.3.Thisisthereason

why

yourbossneverdoubtsyou.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句關(guān)系副詞使用注意點(diǎn)①：當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time,day等和表地點(diǎn)的place,house等以及reason時(shí)一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定究竟用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞I'llneverforgettheday()myhometownwasliberated.I'llneverforgetthedays()

wespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactory

()

radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory()

makesradioparts.Thereason()hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.

當(dāng)occasion表示“aparticulartimeorinstanceofanevent(特定的)時(shí)刻；場(chǎng)合”時(shí)，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞用when：Describeanoccasionwhenyouhadtogiveupsomeimportantthings.描述一個(gè)你不得不放棄一些重要東西的場(chǎng)合。

當(dāng)point,situation,position,case,condition,stage(階段)，等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場(chǎng)合”等意思時(shí)，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞用where：

Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.

我們處在一個(gè)可能會(huì)損失一大筆錢的境地。關(guān)系副詞使用注意點(diǎn)②：關(guān)系副詞使用注意點(diǎn)③：在意義上關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）=介詞+whichIwasinBeijingthatdaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.他到達(dá)的那天我在北京。Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.他工作的辦公室在三樓Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.這是我們做這件事的主要原因。先行詞作用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞主語賓語表語定語狀語人who/thatwhom/who/that/×that/×whosewhenwhere物which/thatwhich/that/×whosewhy（2）非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞①不能用that和why來引導(dǎo)；②不可省略；Ourteacher,whoissopatient,lovesherjobverymuch.

非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思不完整明確TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.

當(dāng)我離開的時(shí)候，那個(gè)事故發(fā)生了。

非限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞的附加說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.

深愛著他的媽媽十年前去世了。限制性定語從句：先行詞是名詞、代詞或名詞性短語

非限制定語從句：除了這三種之外，還可以是整個(gè)句子Themeetingwasputoff,whichgaveusmoretimetoprepare.會(huì)議推遲了，這給了我們更多的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。用或者不用逗號(hào)，句意有差別1.Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.他有一個(gè)在醫(yī)院工作的女兒。2.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.他有個(gè)女兒，是在醫(yī)院工作的。例句1中表示他有多個(gè)女兒，其中有一個(gè)在醫(yī)院工作。例句2中強(qiáng)調(diào)他有一個(gè)女兒，不是兒子，“在醫(yī)院工作”純粹是補(bǔ)充信息。2.關(guān)系詞的特殊用法that與which/whom/whom的區(qū)別as與which的區(qū)別先行詞是theway(1)只用that的情況(2)只用which/whom/whom的情況(1)在限制性定語從句中(2)在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞用that或inwhich或省略先行詞是物且為不定代詞，或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)包括：all,much,few,little,any,some,no,every（+thing）...【例1】Hetoldmeeverything

thatheknows.【例2】Allthebooks

________youofferedhavebeengivenout.(1)只用that的情況：注意啦！that與which/who/whom的區(qū)別先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)

【例1】ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.【例2】Youarethefirstpersonthattreatsmewithrespect.

先行詞是物，且被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)【例】Thisistheveryplace

thatIamlookingfor.注意啦！that與which/who/whom的區(qū)別先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)Wewereallimpressedbythepeopleandthebeautifulscenery

thatwesawinHainan.句中已經(jīng)有who或which，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)

Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?注意啦！that與which/who/whom的區(qū)別（2）只用which,who,whom的情況在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人【例】Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用whic