人教版英語必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour3SectionⅢWord版含答案

SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage重點(diǎn)單詞寫作詞匯1.occasionn. 時(shí)刻；場合2.actressn. 女演員3.slidevt.&vi.(slid，slid) (使)滑動(dòng)；(使)滑行n. 滑；滑動(dòng)；幻燈片4.whispern. 耳語；低語vt.&vi. 低語；小聲說5.drunkadj. 醉的拓展詞匯6.particularadj.特殊的；特別的n．細(xì)節(jié)；細(xì)目→particularlyadv.特殊地；特別地7.amusevt.使發(fā)笑；使愉快→amusingadj.好笑的；有趣的→amusedadj.愉快的→amusementn．愉快，快樂8.explanationn．解釋；講解；說明→explainvt.解釋；說明9.reactvi.作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→reactionn．反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)閱讀詞匯10.budgetn. 預(yù)算；開支11.pancaken. 烙餅；薄餅12.detectiven. 偵探13.mountainousadj. 多山的；山一般的14.vastadj. 巨大的；遼闊的15.rhythmn. 節(jié)奏16.porridgen. 粥；麥片粥重點(diǎn)短語1.burst__into__laughter 放聲大笑2.treat...as 把……當(dāng)作……3.pick__up 拾起，撿起4.keep__to__sth. 遵守5.look__up 向上看；查閱6.bring__out 使……清楚明白重點(diǎn)句型1.as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句：Inthe1990s,MrBeanbecameastarusingmimetohighlightdifficultsocialsituationsmuchas__Charlie__Chaplin__had__done(像查理·卓別林那樣做).2.doyouthink作插入語：How__do__you__think__John(你認(rèn)為約翰怎樣)willreacttoher？3.whenever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句：Whenever__you__finish__your__story(不管你何時(shí)完成你的故事)，youwillfeelasenseofsuccess.Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Inthefirstdialoguethecustomerinfactmeansthat__________．A．hedoesn’tknowwhatitisnowB．hedoesn’thearclearlywhatthewaitersaysC．heisnotcontentwiththesoupD．hemistakes“bean”for“been”2．Inthethirddialoguethecustomerreallywantstoknow________．A．thelengthofthepancakeB．howsoonthepancakewillbereadyC．thesizeofthepancakeD．theshapeofthepancake3．Thepassagemainlytellsus________．A．a(chǎn)jokemadebyafamousdetectiveandhisfriendB．a(chǎn)dialoguebetweenSherlockHolmesandDoctorWatsonC．a(chǎn)misunderstandingbetweenSherlockHolmesandDoctorWatsonD．a(chǎn)storytoldbytwofamousdetectives4．Fromthestorywecanknowthat________．A．DoctorWatsonwasquitehonestB．SherlockHolmeswasclevererthanDoctorWatsonC．DoctorWatsonwasclevererthanSherlockHolmesD．DoctorWatsonthoughtinanordinarywaywhileSherlockHolmesinafunnyway答案：1－4.CBADENGLISHJOKESTherearethousandsofjokeswhichuse“playonwords”toamuseus.Onepersonasksaquestionwhichexpectsaparticularreply.Instead,whathegetsisanotherkindofanswerwhichmakesthesituationfunny.Nowreadsomeofthesecustomerandwaiterjokes.Canyoumatchthejokewiththeexplanation?1C：What’sthatflydoinginmysoup?W：Swimming,Ithink?、?C：What’sthat?W：It’sbeansoup.C：Idon’twanttoknowwhatit’sbeen.Iwanttoknowwhatitisnow.②3C：Waiter，willthepancakesbelong?W：No,sir.Round.③英語笑話有成千上萬的笑話是以玩文字游戲的方式來逗我們發(fā)笑的。一個(gè)人問一個(gè)問題，期望(得到)一個(gè)特定的回答。相反，他得到的是使情形詼諧有趣的另一種回答。現(xiàn)在讀(下面的)這些(關(guān)于)顧客和服務(wù)員的笑話。你能將笑話和(對它們的)解釋搭配起來嗎？1顧客：那只蒼蠅在我的湯里干什么？服務(wù)員：我想是在游泳吧！2顧客：那是什么？服務(wù)員：是豆湯。顧客：我不想知道它曾經(jīng)是什么。我想知道它現(xiàn)在是什么。3顧客：服務(wù)員，烙餅還要很久嗎？服務(wù)員：不，先生。它是圓的。該部分為餐館笑話，這些笑話是發(fā)生在顧客與服務(wù)員之間的機(jī)智、幽默的對話。①第一則笑話是：顧客對自己的湯里有一只蒼蠅感到非常生氣，責(zé)問服務(wù)員“為何湯里會(huì)有蒼蠅”。服務(wù)員機(jī)智地回答“蒼蠅在游泳”，這使尷尬的局面得以緩解。②第二則笑話中的bean[bi?n]和been[bi?n]同音，但含義不同。bean意為“豆，菜豆，豆莢”，而been是動(dòng)詞be的過去分詞，在此意為“曾經(jīng)是”。③第三則笑話中的關(guān)鍵詞是long，它既可以作形容詞，意為“長的”，又可以作副詞，意為“長時(shí)間地，長久地”。顧客詢問的是“烙餅是否還要很長時(shí)間才能端上來”，而服務(wù)員誤認(rèn)為顧客在詢問烙餅的形狀，所以回答說是圓的。①gocamping去野營go＋v.-ing可從表示從事某種運(yùn)動(dòng)或者玩樂，如gohiking去遠(yuǎn)足，gocycling去騎自行車，goshopping去購物。②mountainous['ma?ntIn?s]adj.多山的；山一般的③intheopenair在露天，在戶外④lookupat抬頭望著⑤whisper['wIsp?]n.耳語；低語vt.&vi.低語；小聲說⑥lastv．持續(xù)，繼續(xù)⑦vast[vɑ?st]adj.巨大的；遼闊的【核心素養(yǎng)鏈接】夏洛克·福爾摩斯(Sherlock·Holmes)是19世紀(jì)末英國偵探小說家阿瑟·柯南·道爾筆下偵探小說的主人公。他是一個(gè)咨詢偵探，善于以縝密的邏輯思維進(jìn)行嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐评矶瓢?。華生醫(yī)生(DrWatson)是阿瑟·柯南·道爾的偵探小說中的另一個(gè)人物，他是福爾摩斯的朋友和搭檔。SherlockHolmesandDoctorWatsonwentcamping①inamountainous②area.Theywerelyingintheopenair③underthestars.SherlockHolmeslookedupat④thestarsandwhispered⑤，“Watson，whenyoulookatthatbeautifulsky,whatdoyouthinkof？”Watsonreplied,“Ithinkofhowshortlifeisandhowlongtheuniversehaslasted⑥.”“No,no,Watson！”Holmessaid.“Whatdoyoureallythinkof？”Watsontriedagain.“IthinkofhowsmallIamandhowvast⑦theskyis.”“Tryagain,Watson！”saidHolmes.Watsontriedathirdtime.“Ithinkofhowcoldtheuniverseisandhowwarmpeoplecanbeintheirbeds.”Holmessaid,“Watson,youfool!Youshouldbethinkingthatsomeonehasstolenourtent！”◆and連接兩個(gè)how引出的感嘆句，作thinkof的賓語?！舯揪渲小癮thirdtime”屬于“不定冠詞＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“再……，又……”。夏洛克·福爾摩斯和華生醫(yī)生去一個(gè)山區(qū)野營。星光下，他們露天而臥。夏洛克·福爾摩斯仰望星空，輕聲說道：“華生，當(dāng)你看那美麗的天空時(shí)，你想到了什么？”華生答道：“我想到生命是多么短暫，而宇宙是多么漫長?！薄安唬?，華生！”福爾摩斯說，“你真想到了什么？”華生又試著回答：“我想到自己是多么渺小，而天空是多么廣闊?！薄霸傧胂?，華生！”福爾摩斯說。華生再次試著回答。他答道：“我想到宇宙是多么寒冷，而人們睡在床上會(huì)是多么暖和?！备柲λ拐f：“華生，你這個(gè)傻瓜！你應(yīng)該想到有人把我們的帳篷偷走了！”particularlyadv.特殊地；特別地(教材P20)Childrenparticularlywouldburstintolaughterathisbehaviour.尤其是孩子們看到他的表演會(huì)大笑。(1)particularadj. 特殊的；特別的；挑剔的beparticularaboutsth. 對……講究/挑剔beparticulartodosth. 特地做某事(2)inparticular＝particularly 尤其；特別；格外①Weshouldn’tlookdownonothers,particularlythedisabled.我們不應(yīng)該瞧不起他人，尤其是殘疾人。②Theboylikesanythingtodowithnatureinparticular.那個(gè)男孩尤其喜歡與自然界有關(guān)的一切。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①M(fèi)aryisgoingonadiet,sosheisveryparticularaboutfood.②(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Whenyouattendyourfriend’sdinnerpartyinChina,you’dbetterbehaveproperly,particularly(particular)payingattentiontomindingyourtablemanners.burstinto闖入；突然發(fā)作；突然……起來(教材P20)Childrenparticularlywouldburstintolaughterathisbehaviour.尤其是孩子們看到他的表演會(huì)大笑。burstintolaughter/tears 突然大笑/大哭起來burstoutlaughing/crying 突然大笑/大哭起來①Sheburstintolaughter,whichmadeussurprised.她突然大笑起來，這使我們很吃驚。②Theboyburstoutcryingwhenheknewtheexamresult.當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩知道他的考試成績時(shí)突然大哭起來。[能力提升]——一句多譯讓我非常驚訝的是，她一讀那封信就突然大哭起來。①M(fèi)uchtomysurprise,sheburst__into__tearsthemomentshereadtheletter.②Muchtomysurprise,sheburst__out__cryingassoonasshereadtheletter.occasionn．時(shí)刻；場合；時(shí)機(jī)(教材P20)Ononeoccasioninarestaurantheorderedasteaktartare.有一次他在餐館點(diǎn)了一份韃靼牛肉。(1)onoccasion(s) 偶爾；有時(shí)ononeoccasion 有一次(2)occasionaladj. 偶爾的(3)occasionallyadv. 偶爾①Onoccasiontheyhadfierceargumentsbetweenthem.有時(shí)，他們之間會(huì)發(fā)生激烈的爭吵。②Ihavehadnooccasiontovisithimrecently.我最近沒有時(shí)間去拜訪他。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Occasionally(occasional)Alicewouldlookupfromherbook.②Occasions(occasion)arequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.③Haveyouevermetwiththeoccasionwhereyouaremistaken?occasion作先行詞，其后跟定語從句時(shí)，如果引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語表示時(shí)刻時(shí)，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when；表示場合時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。amusevt.使發(fā)笑；使愉快(經(jīng)典例句)Weoftenamusedourselvesbyplayinghide-and-seekwhileyoung.我們小時(shí)候經(jīng)常通過玩捉迷藏來自娛自樂。(1)amuseoneself(bydoingsth.) (通過做某事)自娛自樂(2)amusedadj. 覺得好笑的；逗樂的beamusedat/by... 覺得……好笑amusingadj. 好笑的(3)amusementn. 愉悅；娛樂toone’samusement 使某人感到好笑的是①Theyamusedthemselvesbyplayinggames.他們通過做游戲來自娛自樂。②Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleaguesamusedwithherstories.露西很有幽默感，總是能用故事逗樂她的同事。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Howeveramusing(amuse)thestoryis,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.②Toouramusement(amuse),theyhadaquarrelaboutsuchasmallthing.③Theoldmansatinhisrockingchair,amusing(amuse)himselfbylisteningtoBeijingOpera.whispern．耳語；低語vt.&vi.低語；小聲說(經(jīng)典例句)Hewhisperedtomethathewasashyman.他小聲對我說他是一個(gè)害羞的人。(1)whispersth.tosb. 把某事悄悄告訴某人whispersth.inone’sear 在某人耳旁小聲說某事Itis/waswhisperedthat... 有人私下說……； 據(jù)秘密傳聞……(2)inawhisper 低聲地①“Iwaschosentostarinanewfilm，”shewhisperedinmyear.她在我耳邊小聲說：“我被選中主演一部新電影了”。②Itiswhisperedthatthesuperstarhasbeenarrestedfortakingdrugs.聽說這位超級明星由于吸毒而被刑拘。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Sheleanedoverandwhispered(whisper)somethinginhisear.②Theysatatthebackoftheroom,talkinginwhispers(whisper)．reactvi.作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)(教材P23)HowdoyouthinkJohnwillreacttoher?你認(rèn)為約翰將怎樣回應(yīng)她？(1)reacttosb./sth. 對某人/某事物作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)reactagainstsb./sth. 反對/反抗某人/某物(2)reactionn. 反應(yīng)；感應(yīng)reactiontosb./sth. 對……的反應(yīng)①Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.但是當(dāng)你和你的朋友們分享一個(gè)故事時(shí)，你更關(guān)心他們的反應(yīng)。②Childrensometimesreactagainstthethingtheirparentsbelievein.孩子們有時(shí)反對他們的父母相信的事。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Theboyoftenreactsagainsthisparents,whichmakeshisparentsveryupset.②Herparents’reaction(react)tothenewswassurprisinglycalm.

as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句(教材P20)Inthe1990s,MrBeanbecameastarusingmimetohighlightdifficultsocialsituationsmuchasCharlieChaplinhaddone.在20世紀(jì)90年代，憨豆先生成為一位像查理·卓別林那樣用啞劇來反映艱難社會(huì)處境的明星。(1)句中as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“和……一樣，照……方式”；(2)as除了引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句之外，還可引導(dǎo)原因、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句和定語從句。①WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。②As(shewas)alittlegirlshebegantooperateaputer.在她還是個(gè)小女孩時(shí)她就開始操作計(jì)算機(jī)。(as表示時(shí)間)[能力提升]——微寫作①由于忘記了你的地址，他們不知如何跟你取得聯(lián)系。(as表示原因)As__they__had__forgotten__your__address,__theydidnotknowhowtogetintouchwithyou.②盡管他忙，他還是努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。(as引導(dǎo)讓步倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))Busy__as__he__is,__hestudiesEnglishveryhard.whenever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(教材P24)Wheneveryoufinishyourstory,youwillfeelasenseofsuccess.不管你何時(shí)完成你的故事，你都會(huì)有一種成就感。whenever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管何時(shí)；無論什么時(shí)候”，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhen。①Whenever(＝Nomatterwhen)youneedhelp,youmayturntome.無論你什么時(shí)候需要幫忙，都可以找我求助。②Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)difficultieswemeet,we’llneverchangeourmind.無論我們遇到什么樣的困難，我們永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)改變我們的主意。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Whateverhappens,Iwillhelpyou.②Howevercolditis,healwaysgoesswimming.③Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．Themicrobloghasbeenverypopularinrecentyears,particularly(特別地)amongyoungpeople.2．Thepriceofthehousewaswithinourbudget(預(yù)算),sowedecidedtobuyit.3．Hedoesn’trememberanythingthathappenedafterhegotdrunk(喝醉的)．4．Wehadtowhisper(耳語)becauseJill’smotherwassleepinginthenextroom.5．Manyactorsarenotwillingtoreact(回應(yīng))tothequestionsreportersaskabouttheirprivatelife.6．Herhumour(幽默)anddeterminationareasourceofinspirationtoothers.7．WhenIwaslittle,Iusedtolikesliding(滑動(dòng))onthefloorinmysocks.8．Anursedirected(給……指路)themdownthehallwaytothebirthingroomwheretheirdaughterwasgivingbirthtoababy.9．Thestoryisaboutacatwhotriestoentertain(使快樂)twochildrenonarainydaywhiletheirmotherisawayfromhome.10．Itisgoodbecauseitiswritteninfriendly,ordinary(普通的)language.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)選詞填空starin;badlyoff;feelcontentwith;cutoff;pickout;uptonow1.Over200peopleappliedforthejobandwepicked__outtentohaveaninterviewlastmonth.2．Abeautifulbutterflyflewintotheschoolhall,cutting__offtheheadmaster’sspeech.3．Becauseoftheheavyrain,theriverhasrisenby2centimetersup__to__now．4．Beforetheaccident,Alexfelt__content__withhislifeashehadawarmandlovingfamilyaswellasaprettygoodjob.5．Ifyoukeepborrowingmoneytopayoffyourdebts,you’llbeevenworse__offthanyouarenow.6．DanielRadcliffebecamewellknownforaBritish-AmericanfilmseriesHarryPotterhestarred__in．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完成句子1．小艾瑪喜歡坐在媽媽身邊與媽媽一起堆積木。LittleEmmalikesbuildingblockswith__her__mother__sittingbesideher.2．隨著年齡增長，她變得更自信了。Shebecamemoreconfidentas__she__grew__older．3．沒有人會(huì)愚蠢到把錢借給一個(gè)不誠信的人。Noonewillbefoolish__enough__to__lendmoneytoadishonestperson.4．無論她多么努力地學(xué)習(xí)，期末考試都不及格。Shestillfailedinthefinalexamhowever__hard__she__worked．5．他為了買一件襯衣而花費(fèi)這么長的時(shí)間在店鋪中搜索的原因是他對著裝特別挑剔。Thereasonwhyhespentsomuchtimesearchingshopsforashirtwasthat__he__was__very__particular__abouthisclothes.6．湯姆，你總是把書扔得到處都是。看，你把書房弄得一團(tuán)糟！Tom,youarealwaysthrowingbooksabout.Look,what__a__mess__in__your__study!eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Ididn’tlaughbecauseIdidn’tfindthejokeatallamusing(amuse)．2．Peoplemayfeelasenseoffailure(fail)sometimes,whichismonintheirdailylife.3．She’sawonderfullycreativedancerbutdoesn’thavethegiftofbeingagreatperformer(perform)．4．Thereisnoconvincing(convince)evidencethattheeconomyisstartingtorecover.5．Garywastoodrunk(drink)torememberwhathappenedthatnight.6．Theabilitytogiveclearexplanation(explain)isthemostimportantqualityforateacher.7．Wewerelatewhenwegottotheairport,butfortunately(fortunate)ourplanewasdelayed.8．Unexpectedly,herfirstnovelenjoyedanastonishing(astonish)success.9．Switzerlandisamountainous(mountain)countrywithapopulationofabout9millionpeople.10．WhenIwasinhighschool,Ifinallyovercame(overe)myshynessinclass.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解ASecond-gradersatPlummerElementarySchoolinSoutheastWashingtonareshoutingoutinsults(侮辱)intheirschoollibrary.“Stupid！”“Skinny！”“Fat！”．..It’spartofavisitfromRickDaniels,alocalauthorwhowritesbooksaspartofhisfightagainstbullying(霸凌).Thesekidsarelearningwhatkindsofwordscanharmothers.Danielsknowsalotaboutbullying.Whenhewasgrowingupinthecity’sFortTottenneighborhood,hehadalearningdisability.Sohegotmadefunofandhatedgoingtoschool.“KidswouldpickonmebecauseIcouldn’treadorwritetoowell，”Danielstoldthechildren.AfterintroducingPlummer’ssecond-graderstoRemy,Danielshadthemsignan“IDon’tBully”pledge(誓言)．In2014,hisexperiencesencouragedhimtowritethebook“LittleRemy:TheLittleBoyWhoDoesn’tWanttoGotoSchool，”aboutathird-graderwhogetspickedonbecauseofhislearningdisability.HelpedbyhismomandhisteacherRemystartsfightingbullyingandthatturnshimintoaschoolhero.EventhoughDanielsstillhastroublewithspelling,hewritesbooksathisapartmentinNortheast,makingsuretousethespell-checkeronhisputer.Backwhenhehadjustadictionary,itwashardforhimtowriteanything.“IfIhadtolookuptheword‘frozen’，I’dhavetoturneverypageinthedictionaryuntilIsawit，”hesaid.FightingbullyingisactuallyDaniels’thirdcareer.Yearsago,hewasafashiondesignerinNewYorkCity,makingshirtsforfamouspeople.Whenthatbusinessclosed,hewasofferedajobatthefashionmagazineGQ—whichlastedabout15minutes,whenhisbossesrealizedhecouldn’twritewell.Afterthat,__hegotajobrenting(租)carsandevenworkedatReaganNationalAirport.Heretiredin2007andnowspendsasmuchtimeashecancreatingcoloringbooksandtalkingtokidsaboutbullying.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作家RickDaniels結(jié)合自己被霸凌的親身經(jīng)歷寫書，與霸凌作斗爭，幫助人們反對霸凌。1．Whyareinsultingwordsheardfromthelibrary?A．Kidsaremakingapromisetofightagainstbullying.B．Kidsarewelingavisitorinaspecialway.C．Kidsarelearningtheharmofthesewords.D．Kidsarebullyingadisabledstudent.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Second-gradersatPlummerElementarySchoolinSoutheastWashingtonareshoutingoutinsults(侮辱)intheirschoollibrary.以及第三段中的Thesekidsarelearningwhatkindsofwordscanharmothers.可知，他們通過大聲說出帶有侮辱性的話語，感受這些話語所帶來的傷害。2．WhatgaveDanielstheideaofwritinghisbookin2014?A．Thescientificknowledgehehasaboutbullying.B．Astoryheheardaboutathird-grader.C．Hisexperienceofbeingbullied.D．Hismother’sencouragement.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的In2014,hisexperiencesencouragedhimtowritethebook可知，他被霸凌的經(jīng)歷促使他寫書。3．HowdoesDanielsdealwithhisspellingproblemswhenwriting?A．Bylookingwordsupindictionaries.B．Byrecordingallspellingmistakes.C．Byturningtohisteacherforhelp.D．Byusingaspell-checker.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段中的EventhoughDanielsstillhastroublewithspelling,hewritesbooksathisapartmentinNortheast,makingsuretousethespell-checkeronhisputer.可知，他寫書的時(shí)候需要借助電腦中的拼寫檢查功能。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．HeworkedinNewYorkCityasadesigner.B．Hewasrefusedbyafashionmagazine.C．Hewassufferingalearningdisability.D．Heworkedatanairport.B解析：代詞指代題。畫線詞所在句起承上啟下的作用，故that指代上文所述Daniels被GQ時(shí)尚公司所拒的經(jīng)歷。BAreyoureallyfrightenedofsomethingthatcaninnowayharmyou?Enteringasmallspace?Standingonahighplace?Snakes?Youmightjusthaveaphobia.Aphobiaisastrongfearofasituation,livingthingorevenanobject.Thatisaveryformalexplanationofaphobia,butapersondealingwithaphobiaattackmaybeclosetouncontrolledfearwitharacingheart,shakylegsandquickbreath.Thepersonmaybreakoutinacoldsweat(汗).Theycanfearfortheirlife.ThewordphobiaesfromtheGreekwordforfear.Phobiasmostlikelyaffectabouttenpercentofthepopulationandareusuallyalittlemoremoninwomenthanmen.Theycandevelopanytime,anywhereandcanhappentoalmostanyone.Somephobiasmaydevelopfromanunpleasantexperience.Apersonwhohadacaraccidentforexamplemaydevelopafearofcartravel.Somephobiasarerelatedtochildhoodandsimplypassawayasthechildgetsolder,suchasnyctophobiaorafearofdarkness.Mostadultsdon’tneedalightontogotosleep!Otherpeoplemighthavephotophobia:fearoflight!Somethingsmostpeopleareabletodoeasily,otherpeoplefindalmostimpossible.Therearedriverswhowon’tdrivethroughatunnel(隧道)eventhoughthetunnelisusedbythousandsofotherdriverseachday.Theywillfindsomeotherroadstoreachtheplacetheywanttogoto.Herearesomemonphobias:heights—acrophobia;smallspaces—claustrophobia;crowdedplaces—agoraphobia,blood—haemophobia;water—hydrophobia.Therearehundredsofphobias.Manyolderadultsmayhavetechnophobia—anextremedislikeofnewtechnology.Thereisevenaphobiaforthefearofwork—ergophobia.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了各種各樣的恐懼癥。5．Aphobiacanbeseenas________．A．a(chǎn)feelingofsadnessB．uncontrolledangerC．littleunderstandingofsomethingD．a(chǎn)dislikeforsomeoneorsomethingD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Aphobiaisastrongfearofasituation,livingthingorevenanobject.可知，恐懼癥是對人或事物的害怕，也就是不喜歡。6．Whatcanapersonwithaphobiaexperience?A．Sleepiness. B．Thirstiness.C．Coldsweat. D．Slowbreath.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Thepersonmaybreakoutinacoldsweat(汗)．可知，恐懼癥患者遇到自己害怕的東西或事情可能會(huì)出冷汗。7．WhichofthefollowingistheCORRECTdescriptionofphobias?A．Theymaydisappearastimepasses.B．Theyaredevelopedduringchildhood.C．Theyareallfromunpleasantexperiences.D．Theyhappenmoreoftentomenthanwomen.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Somephobiasarerelatedtochildhoodandsimplypassawayasthechildgetsolder可知，一些恐懼癥會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的流逝而消失。8．Whatmayapersonhavingafearofstandinghighsufferfrom?A．Acrophobia. B．Haemophobia.C．Agoraphobia. D．Nyctophobia.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的heights—acrophobia可知，害怕站在高處的人有恐高癥，即acrophobia。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)七選五Doyoueverwonderhowtheapplegotfromthetreetoyourhands?Inmostcases,applestravelalongwaytogetfromwheretheyweregrowntotheplaceswherepeoplebuythem.1．________Applegrowershavehundredsoftrees.Thefarmworkerspicktheapplesoffthetreesandputthemintolargebagsorboxes.W