2023屆云南省玉溪市高三畢業(yè)生第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試題（解析版）

玉溪市2023屆高三畢業(yè)生第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試題卷本試卷共9頁，滿分120分，考試用時(shí)100分鐘。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A.B.C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AManypeoplestereotype(對(duì)……刻板印象)thecollegeyearsasfouryears’worthofpartying.Butthat’snottrue!Manystudentsusetheirtimetocreatethings.Herearesomeoftheiramazinglysmartinventions.AFireExtinguisherThatUsesSoundCreatedbySethRobertsonandVietTran,engineeringstudentsatGeorgeMasonUniversity,thissonicfireextinguisheruseslow-frequencysoundwavestoputoutfire.Atjusttherightfrequency—between30and60HzAMarkerThatTellsYouWhentoApplySunscreenHowmanyofyouhavegonetothebeachandforgottentoreapplysunscreen?TwoUniversityofADeviceThatTurnsaFlatSurfaceintoaComputerThankstoPranavMistryandLiyanChang,studentsatMIT,youmaybeabletowearacomputerinthefuture.TheydevelopedadevicecalledSixthSense.Youkeepasmartphoneinyourpocketandwearalittlecamera/projectoraroundyourneck.Thesmartphoneandcamera/projectorworkasateamtosenseyourfingermovements,processinformation,andprojectinformationontoasurface—beitawall,atable,orthepalmofyourhand.AUniversalTapeDispenserEverfindyourselfwitharolloftapeinyourteeth,usingyourmouthtotearapiecewhileattemptingnottobreakatooth?CooperUnionstudentsDeannaKovaleinandJessicaMarshallcreatedadevicecalledSnipItthatfitsanytaperollandcutsanytypeoftape.Withthepushofabutton,thetapegetspressedagainstthesharpedge,whichcutsit.1.Whodevelopedaspecialinventiondesignedtoputoutflames?A.SethRobertsonandVietTran.B.RachelPautlerandDerekJouppi.C.PranavMistryandLiyanChang.D.DeannaKovalcinandJessicaMarshall.2.Wecaninferthatpeoplemightcheckemailsdisplayedonabuildingbymeansof______.A.Thefireextinguisher. B.Suncayr.C.SixthSense. D.SnipIt.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthefixedimagesofcollegestudentsinpeople’seyes.B.Todemonstrateinventionsthatcollegestudentscreated.C.Tomotivatecollegestudentstocomeupwithinnovations.D.Tointroduceinventionsthatmakeadifferencetocollegestudents.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了大學(xué)生的幾項(xiàng)發(fā)明?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AFireExtinguisherThatUsesSound中的“CreatedbySethRobertsonandVietTran,engineeringstudentsatGeorgeMasonUniversity,thissonicfireextinguisheruseslow-frequencysoundwavestoputoutfire.(這款聲波滅火器是由喬治梅森大學(xué)工程系的學(xué)生SethRobertson和VietTran發(fā)明的，它利用低頻聲波來滅火。)”可知，該滅火器的發(fā)明人是SethRobertson和VietTran。故選A。2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ADeviceThatTurnsaFlatSurfaceintoaComputer中的“TheydevelopedadevicecalledSixthSense.Youkeepasmartphoneinyourpocketandwearalittlecamera/projectoraroundyourneck.Thesmartphoneandcamera/projectorworkasateamtosenseyourfingermovements,processinformation,andprojectinformationontoasurface—beitawall,atable,orthepalmofyourhand.(他們開發(fā)了一種叫做“第六感”的設(shè)備。你把智能手機(jī)放在口袋里，脖子上掛著一個(gè)小相機(jī)/投影儀。智能手機(jī)和相機(jī)/投影儀作為一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來感知你的手指運(yùn)動(dòng)，處理信息，并將信息投射到一個(gè)表面上——無論是墻壁、桌子還是你的手掌。)可推斷，“第六感”可以使得郵件投影到建筑物上。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Manystudentsusetheirtimetocreatethings.Herearesomeoftheiramazinglysmartinventions.(許多學(xué)生利用他們的時(shí)間去創(chuàng)造東西。以下是他們的一些驚人的巧妙發(fā)明。)”及全文可知，作者的寫作目的是展示大學(xué)生的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。故選B。BWhenstudentsfromLithgowvisitedwetlandsneartheirprimaryschool,theyquicklypickeduponaproblem:therewasnowhereforturtles.“Abunchofstudentssaidtherearenologsorrockshere,sowherearetheygoingtobask(曬太陽)?”saysAssociateProfessorRickySpencerfromWesternSydneyThestudentsarenowconductingresearchanddevelopingaproposaltopresenttotheirlocalcouncilfortheintroductionofnewbaskingareas,suchaslogsorhuman-madeplatforms.“Thatisprettypowerful,foryear5andyear6studentstoactuallyknowhowtomakechange,”Spencersays.“Wewantkidstounderstandwhyconservationmeasuresareimportant.”LedbyWesternSydneyUniversity,theTurtlesinSchoolsprogramaimstoencourageaninformedfuturegenerationthatwilltakecareoftheenvironment.Itiscurrentlyinatrialphase,withselectNewSouthWalesschoolshostingturtlesinclassroomsandvisitingnearbywetlands.By2023,upto10turtletankswillbeinstalled(Byguidingexperimentsontopicssuchasgrowthratesandbehaviouralobservations,andintroducingschoolstoactivitiesintheirlocalwetlands,Spencersaysthisprogramcouldencouragestudentstoactuallycarrytheireducationforwardtotheirday-to-daylife.PresbyterianLadies’Collegehasbeeninvestinginfacilitiesincludingaturtlepondforsixyears.TheywillbeavailablefornearbyschoolsinvolvedintheTurtlesinSchoolsprogram.“Wewanttoconnectstudentstotherealworld,todevelopvaluestolookaftertheenvironment.Ourstudentsbecomefamiliarwithunderstandingourrelationshiptothenaturalworld.Weareconnectedtoit.Werelyuponit.Itisn’tsomethingdispensable,”theprincipal,DrPaulBergis,says.4.WhatdidstudentsfromLithgownoticewhentheyvisitedwetlands?A.Wetlandsareshadedfromsunlight.B.Turtleslackareastogetsunlight.C.Turtlescreateeggsonlogsorrocks.D.Artificialplatformsareintroducedtowetlands.5.WhatcanweknowabouttheTurtlesinSchoolsprogram?A.Itinformsstudentsofturtles’futuregeneration.B.Itsetsupmanyturtletanksinwetlands.C.Itselectsyear5and6studentsacrossAustralia.D.Ithelpsstudentsrelateeducationtodailylife.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispensable”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Unnecessary. B.Impossible.C.Mysterious. D.Powerful.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RocksorLogsHelpTurtlestoThriveinWetlandsB.HumansBuildaCloseBondwiththeNaturalWorldC.TeachingwithTurtlesTurnsStudentsintoConservationistsD.Hands-onProgramsArouseStudents’InterestinEducation【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了來自于Lithgow的學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校周邊的濕地沒辦法為烏龜提供曬太陽的地方。在西悉尼大學(xué)的帶領(lǐng)下，澳大利亞正在試點(diǎn)實(shí)行“學(xué)校里的海龜”項(xiàng)目，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生親自參與保護(hù)環(huán)境?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Abunchofstudentssaidtherearenologsorrockshere,sowherearetheygoingtobask(曬太陽)?(一群學(xué)生說這里沒有木頭和石頭，他們要去哪里曬太陽?)”可知，烏龜缺乏曬太陽的區(qū)域。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Spencersaysthisprogramcouldencouragestudentstoactuallycarrytheireducationforwardtotheirday-to-daylife.(斯賓塞說該項(xiàng)目可以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將他們的教育實(shí)際應(yīng)用到日常生活中。)”可知，此項(xiàng)目能幫助學(xué)生把教育和日常生活結(jié)合在一起。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Weareconnectedtoit.Werelyuponit.(我們與它相連。我們依靠它。)”可知，我們與自然界是密切相關(guān)的，大自然不是“不必要的”東西。所以dispensable為“不是必要的”之意。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“LedbyWesternSydneyUniversity,theTurtlesinSchoolsprogramaimstoencourageaninformedfuturegenerationthatwilltakecareoftheenvironment.(由西悉尼大學(xué)牽頭的“學(xué)校里的海龜”項(xiàng)目旨在鼓勵(lì)有見識(shí)的下一代保護(hù)環(huán)境。)”及全文可知，文章從一開始學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)烏龜沒有曬太陽的地方，到后來開展“學(xué)校里的海龜”項(xiàng)目都是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并參與到環(huán)境保護(hù)中。所以“TeachingwithTurtlesTurnsStudentsintoConservationists(與海龜一起教學(xué)能讓學(xué)生成為環(huán)保主義者)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。CIt’spickingseasonatChristianNachtwey’sorganicorchard(果園)inwesternGermanyandlaborersareloadingtheirvehicleswithripeapples.ButNachtwey’sfarmisalsoobtainingasecondharvest:Manyoftheappletreesgrowbeneathsolarpanelsthathavebeenproducingelectricity,whileprovidingthefruitbelowwithmuch-neededshade.“Theideaissimple,”saidNachtwey.“Toprotecttheorchard,withoutreducingtheavailablegrowingsurfaceandinparticularmaintainingproduction.Ontopofthat,there’sthesolarelectricitybeinggeneratedonthesameland.”Large-scalesolarinstallationsonfarmlandarebecomingincreasinglypopular,asfarmersseektomakethemostoftheirlandandestablishasecondsourceofrevenue(收益).Gettingtherightmixofcropandsolarishard,becausemodernfruitvarietiesarefinelyusedtoparticulargrowingconditions.Anychangecantipthebalance,costingfarmersrevenueiftheirfruitisdamaged,thewrongcolorornotassweetasconsumerslike.That’swhyNachtweyiscooperatingwithresearcherstotestwhichapplevarietiesthriveunderthesolarroofs,andwhichtypesofsolarroofsarebestsuitedfortheorchard.Tocomparetheresults,sometreesarecoveredwithaconventionalnetnormallyusedtoprotectsensitivecropsfromhail(冰雹).JuergenZimmer,anexpertwiththeagriculturalservicesdepartmentofRhineland-Palatinatestate,saidtheapplesgrownunderthesolarroofswereslightlylesssweetthisyearthanthoseunderthehailnets.Buthardlyanyofthesolar-shadedapplesgotdamagedintheintensesunlightthathittheregiononJuly24thisyear,whileupto18%oftheuncoveredfruitsufferedsunburnthatday,hesaid.“Weneedatleasttwotothreefullyearstorecordalltheweatherconditionsthatmightoccur,andlookattheoutputandcolorthatthedifferentvarietiesoftreeproduce,”saidZimmer.Researchershopethetestswillshowthattreefruitcropsthriveundersolarpanels.Thiscouldhelppreventrenewableenergyproductionfromcompetingforpreciouslandwithagriculture—agrowingconcernforthoseseekingtotackleclimatechangeandrisingfoodprices.8.Whatcanweknowabouttheideaofputtingsolarpanelsintheorchard?A.Treesprovidesolarpanelswithmuch-neededshade.B.Farmersgrowfewertreesassolarpanelscovertheland.C.Solarpanelssignificantlydecreasetheoutputofripeapples.D.Themodelmakesitpossibleforfarmerstomakeextraprofits.9.WhatmayhappenifNachtweydoesn’tgettherightmixofcropandsolar?A.Hemaygetmorerevenues. B.Solarpanelsmaynotwork.C.Thecolorofpanelsmaychange. D.Fruitmaybedifficulttosell.10.WhatdidJuergenZimmerfindinhistest?A.Anetcanprotectcropsfromhail.B.Solar-shadedappleshaveabettertaste.C.Solarroofsshadeapplesfromsunburn.D.Sunburndoesmoreharmtoapplesthanhail.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Solarpanelscompetewithagricultureforland.B.Afarmertriessolarroofsonanappleorchard.C.Solarpanelsproviderenewableenergyforagriculture.D.Expertsfightagainstclimatechangeandrisingfoodprices.【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了一位德國(guó)果農(nóng)在果園里安裝太陽能板，既為蘋果提供了遮陰從而不被太陽曬傷，又增加了額外的收入。這一新的農(nóng)業(yè)和新能源結(jié)合的實(shí)踐正在興起中，研究人員也在檢測(cè)其效果。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ButNachtwey’sfarmisalsoobtainingasecondharvest:Manyoftheappletreesgrowbeneathsolarpanelsthathavebeenproducingelectricity,whileprovidingthefruitbelowwithmuch-neededshade.（但Nachtwey的農(nóng)場(chǎng)有了第二次收獲：許多蘋果樹在太陽能電池板下生長(zhǎng)，太陽能電池板一直在發(fā)電，同時(shí)為下面的水果提供了急需的陰涼。）”和第二段中“Large-scalesolarinstallationsonfarmlandarebecomingincreasinglypopular,asfarmersseektomakethemostoftheirlandandestablishasecondsourceofrevenue(收益).（隨著農(nóng)民尋求最大限度地利用他們的土地并建立第二個(gè)收入來源，在農(nóng)田上安裝大規(guī)模太陽能裝置正變得越來越受歡迎。）”可知，在果園中安裝太陽能板能讓農(nóng)民獲得額外的收入。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buthardlyanyofthesolar-shadedapplesgotdamagedintheintensesunlightthathittheregiononJuly24thisyear,whileupto18%oftheuncoveredfruitsufferedsunburnthatday,hesaid.（他說，但是在今年7月24日襲擊該地區(qū)的強(qiáng)烈陽光下，幾乎沒有一個(gè)遮陽蘋果受損，而當(dāng)天多達(dá)18%的未遮陽蘋果被曬傷。）”可知，如果Nachtwey沒有在果園中安裝太陽能板的話，果園里的蘋果很有可能會(huì)被曬傷，以至于很難售賣出去。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buthardlyanyofthesolar-shadedapplesgotdamagedintheintensesunlightthathittheregiononJuly24thisyear,whileupto18%oftheuncoveredfruitsufferedsunburnthatday,hesaid.（他說，但是在今年7月24日襲擊該地區(qū)的強(qiáng)烈陽光下，幾乎沒有一個(gè)遮陽蘋果受損，而當(dāng)天多達(dá)18%的未遮陽蘋果被曬傷。）”可知，JuergenZimmer的測(cè)試結(jié)果表明太陽能板能保護(hù)蘋果不被太陽曬傷。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一位德國(guó)果農(nóng)在果園里安裝太陽能板，既為蘋果提供了遮陰從而不被太陽曬傷，又增加了額外的收入，因此B項(xiàng)“一位果農(nóng)在蘋果園中嘗試太陽能屋頂”可概括文章大意。故選B。DAdailymultivitaminandmineralsupplement(補(bǔ)充物)mayreducecognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineinolderpeople,accordingtoaUSstudythatisthefirsttodemonstratethattheymaybenefitageingbrainfunction.Thetrial,involvingmorethan2,200over-65s,suggestsdailysupplementsmayslowcognitivedeclinebyabout60%,ornearlytwoyears,withthemostsubstantialeffectsseeninolderpeoplewithahistoryofheartattack.WhileexpertsinAlzheimer’sdiseaseanddementia(癡呆癥)areencouragedbythefindings,theysaylargerstudiesareneededtoconfirmtheeffectbeforerecommendingdailymultivitaminstoprotectolderpeoplefromcognitivedecline.“Weprovidethefirstevidenceinalong-termtrialofolderwomenandmenthatdailyuseofasafemultivitamin-mineralcanimprovecognition,”theresearcherswroteinAlzheimer’sandDementia,thejournaloftheChicago-basedAlzheimer’sAssociation.“Thisfindingcouldhaveimportantpublichealthindicationsforbrainhealthandresistancetofuturecognitivedecline.”ResearchersatWakeForestUniversityinNorthCarolinaandBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBostoninvestigatedwhetheradailycocoaextractormultivitaminswithmineralsimprovedmemoryandothermentaltasksin2,262olderpeople.Theresearchersratedparticipants’“globalcognition”beforeandduringthethree-yeartrialthroughtestsinvolvingwordlists,numberproblems,verbalfluencyandstoryrecall.Cocoaextractisrichinsubstancescalledflavanolsandpastresearchsuggestedtheymightbenefitbrainfunction.Thelatesttrialfounddailycocoasupplementsmadenodifferencetocognitiveperformance.Dailymultivitamin-mineralsupplements,however,appearedtoimprovecognitivescores,inparticularforthosewithheartattack.Theresultssuggest“eithergreaterrelativeimprovementormoreprotectionfromcognitivedecline”,theauthorswrote.ProfLauraBaker,co-principalinvestigatorontheCosmosstudyatWakeForestUniversity,said:“Whiletheseinitialfindingsarepromising,additionalresearchisneededinalargerandmorediversegroupofpeople.Also,westillhaveworktodotobetterunderstandwhythemultivitaminmightbenefitcognitioninolderadults.”12WhatdoestheUSstudyshowaccordingtothepassage?A.Elderlypeoplesufferfromcognitivedecline.B.Cognitivedeclineleadstoworsebrainfunction.C.Seniorsgetheartattackduetocognitivedecline.D.Multivitaminsandmineralshelptoslowcognitivedecline.13.Whatcanweknowabouttheparticipantsinthetrial?A.Theyimprovedmemoryandothermentaltasksafterthetrial.B.Theytooktestslikewordlistsandnumberproblemsfortwoyears.C.Theyimprovedcognitiveperformancegreatlyaftertakingcocoaextract.D.Theyboostedcognitivescoresaftertakingmultivitaminsandminerals.14.Howdotheresearchersmainlyconductthestudy?A.Bycomparingdifferentgroups.B.Bysummarizinghistoricalreports.C.Byfillingupquestionnaires.D.Byexaminingmedicalrecords.15.WhichstatementwillProfLauraBakerprobablyagreewith?A.Thefindingsturnouttobeoflittlesignificancetoolderadults.B.Itisclearwhymultivitaminsreducecognitivedecline.C.Furtherstudyshouldbeconductedinalargerpopulation.D.Thereisanurgentneedtorecommendmultivitaminstotheold.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了每天補(bǔ)充多種維生素和礦物質(zhì)能幫助老年人減緩認(rèn)知下降?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Adailymultivitaminandmineralsupplement(補(bǔ)充物)mayreducecognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineinolderpeople,accordingtoaUSstudythatisthefirsttodemonstratethattheymaybenefitageingbrainfunction.(美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究首次證明，每天服用多種維生素和礦物質(zhì)補(bǔ)充劑可能有助于老年人的認(rèn)知能力下降。)”可知，多種維生素和礦物質(zhì)能幫助減緩認(rèn)知下降。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetrial,involvingmorethan2,200over-65s,suggestsdailysupplementsmayslowcognitivedeclinebyabout60%,ornearlytwoyears,withthemostsubstantialeffectsseeninolderpeoplewithahistoryofheartattack.(這項(xiàng)涉及2,200多名65歲以上老人的試驗(yàn)表明，每天補(bǔ)充維生素d可能會(huì)減緩認(rèn)知能力下降約60%，或近兩年的時(shí)間，其中對(duì)有心臟病發(fā)作史的老年人效果最顯著。)”以及第七段“Dailymultivitamin-mineralsupplements,however,appearedtoimprovecognitivescores,inparticularforthosewithheartattack.(然而，每天補(bǔ)充多種維生素礦物質(zhì)似乎可以提高認(rèn)知評(píng)分，尤其是對(duì)心臟病患者而言。)”可知，參與者們?cè)诜枚喾N維生素和礦物質(zhì)以后，提高了認(rèn)知分?jǐn)?shù)。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“ResearchersatWakeForestUniversityinNorthCarolinaandBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBostoninvestigatedwhetheradailycocoaextractormultivitaminswithmineralsimprovedmemoryandothermentaltasksin2,262olderpeople.Theresearchersratedparticipants’“globalcognition”beforeandduringthethree-yeartrialthroughtestsinvolvingwordlists,numberproblems,verbalfluencyandstoryrecall.(北卡羅來納州維克森林大學(xué)和波士頓布里格姆婦女醫(yī)院的研究人員對(duì)2262名老年人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)每天服用可可提取物或含礦物質(zhì)的復(fù)合維生素是否能改善他們的記憶力和其他智力活動(dòng)。研究人員通過單詞列表、數(shù)字問題、語言流暢性和故事回憶等測(cè)試，對(duì)參與者在為期三年的試驗(yàn)之前和期間的“全球認(rèn)知”進(jìn)行了打分。)”可知，研究員們把服用可可提取物以及服用多種維生素和礦物質(zhì)的老人進(jìn)行比較來進(jìn)行研究，從而得出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。故選A。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中ProfLauraBaker說的話“Whiletheseinitialfindingsarepromising,additionalresearchisneededinalargerandmorediversegroupofpeople.(雖然這些初步發(fā)現(xiàn)很有希望，但還需要在更大、更多樣化的人群中進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。)”可知，還需要在更多人群中進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenyouhaveworktodo,wouldyouratherworkathome,inanoffice,oratacafé?Formany,theanswerwouldbeacafé.Thereisnodoubtthatthecaffeineincoffeecanprovidesomeenergytohelpuswork.____16____Therefore,it’snosurprisethatcafesareoftenfullofpeopleworkinghardontheirlaptops.____17____Somescientistssuggestthatbackgroundmusic,peoplechatting,orthesoundofmakingdrinksactuallyhelpspeopleimprovetheirconcentration.Thesenoisesprovidejustenoughstimulationtohelppeoplefocusonataskwithoutbecomingannoyedorlettingtheirmindswander.Anothertheoryhastodowithsocialpsychology.Researchhasfoundthatpeopleareoftenmoreproductivewhentheyhaveanaudience.Inasettinglikeacafé,peoplemaybeencouragedtoincreasetheirfocuswhentheyaresurroundedbyotherswhoarealsohardatwork.____18____Formanywriters,cafésarethebestplacestogowhenanimportantdeadlineiscomingup.TheManuscriptWritingCafeinJapanhasdecidedtotargetwritersthatneedtogettheirworkdonequickly.____19____Thatmeanscomicbookartistsandauthorsaswellassongwritersarealsowelcome.WhatmakestheManuscriptWritingCaféevenmoreuniqueisthatcustomershavetoannouncetheirwritinggoalsforthedaytothecafestaff.____20____Inotherwords,workslowlyandyou’llpayforit.What’smore,theyaren’tallowedtoleaveuntiltheyhavecompletedtheirworkfortheday.A.Whyaresomepeoplemoreproductiveincafés?B.ThisspecialcaféopenedinTokyoinApril2022.C.Thebrainmightconsiderothersworkingnearbyascompetitors.D.Customersarealsochargedforeachhalf-hourtheystayatthecafé.E.Butontopofthat,alotofpeoplejustseemtoworkmoreefficientlythere.F.Itwon’tletcustomerstakeaseatunlesstheydoawritingorartisticproject.G.Thestaffwillcheckontheirprogresseveryhourandensurethatthey’rebeingproductive.【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為什么人們更喜歡在咖啡館工作的原因。【16題詳解】設(shè)空處位于段中。根據(jù)上文“Thereisnodoubtthatthecaffeineincoffeecanprovidesomeenergytohelpuswork.(毫無疑問，咖啡中的咖啡因可以提供一些能量來幫助我們工作。)”和下文“Therefore,it’snosurprisethatcafesareoftenfullofpeopleworkinghardontheirlaptops.(因此，咖啡館里經(jīng)常擠滿了在筆記本電腦上努力工作的人也就不足為奇了。)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是人們更喜歡在咖啡館工作的另一個(gè)重要原因。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)“Butontopofthat,alotofpeoplejustseemtoworkmoreefficientlythere.(但最重要的是，很多人似乎在那里工作效率更高。)”符合語境。故選E?！?7題詳解】設(shè)空處位于段首。根據(jù)下文“Somescientistssuggestthatbackgroundmusic,peoplechatting,orthesoundofmakingdrinksactuallyhelpspeopleimprovetheirconcentration.(一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，背景音樂、人們聊天的聲音或調(diào)制飲料的聲音實(shí)際上有助于人們提高注意力。)”可知，科學(xué)家們解釋了在咖啡館工作能幫助人們更專注的原因，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是提出問題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“Whyaresomepeoplemoreproductiveincafés?(為什么有些人在咖啡廳工作效率更高?)”符合語境。故選A。【18題詳解】設(shè)空處位于段末。根據(jù)前文“Anothertheoryhastodowithsocialpsychology.Researchhasfoundthatpeopleareoftenmoreproductivewhentheyhaveanaudience.Inasettinglikeacafé,peoplemaybeencouragedtoincreasetheirfocuswhentheyaresurroundedbyotherswhoarealsohardatwork.(另一個(gè)理論與社會(huì)心理學(xué)有關(guān)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們有聽眾的時(shí)候，他們的工作效率通常會(huì)更高。在像咖啡館這樣的環(huán)境中，當(dāng)周圍的人也在努力工作時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)被鼓勵(lì)增加注意力。)”可知，本段介紹了人們喜歡在咖啡館工作的另一個(gè)原因和社會(huì)心理學(xué)有關(guān)。當(dāng)周圍都是努力工作的人時(shí)，自己也會(huì)受到鼓勵(lì)而更加專注。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，C“Thebrainmightconsiderothersworkingnearbyascompetitors.(大腦可能會(huì)把附近工作的人視為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。)”項(xiàng)和社會(huì)心理學(xué)相關(guān)，并且提及到周圍工作的人。故選C?！?9題詳解】設(shè)空處位于段中。根據(jù)上文“TheManuscriptWritingCafeinJapanhasdecidedtotargetwritersthatneedtogettheirworkdonequickly.(日本的“手稿寫作咖啡館”決定以那些需要快速完成工作的作家為目標(biāo)。)”以及下文“Thatmeanscomicbookartistsandauthorsaswellassongwritersarealsowelcome.(這意味著漫畫藝術(shù)家和作者以及詞曲作者也受到歡迎。)”可知，日本的這家咖啡館的客戶群體是作家和從事藝術(shù)的人。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，F(xiàn)“Itwon’tletcustomerstakeaseatunlesstheydoawritingorartisticproject.(它不會(huì)讓顧客坐下，除非他們有寫作或藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目。)”項(xiàng)符合語境。故選F?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處位于段中。根據(jù)前句“WhatmakestheManuscriptWritingCaféevenmoreuniqueisthatcustomershavetoannouncetheirwritinggoalsforthedaytothecafestaff.(手稿寫作咖啡館的獨(dú)特之處在于，顧客必須向咖啡館的工作人員宣布他們當(dāng)天的寫作目標(biāo)。)”和后文“What’smore,theyaren’tallowedtoleaveuntiltheyhavecompletedtheirworkfortheday.(更重要的是，他們?cè)谕瓿僧?dāng)天的工作之前是不允許離開的。)”可知，本段介紹了日本的這家咖啡館的獨(dú)特之處：要求客人要把當(dāng)天的寫作目標(biāo)告知員工，并且只有完成了工作才能離店。因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是員工會(huì)來檢查客人的工作進(jìn)度。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，G項(xiàng)“Thestaffwillcheckontheirprogresseveryhourandensurethatthey’rebeingproductive.(工作人員每小時(shí)都會(huì)檢查他們的進(jìn)度，以確保他們的工作效率。)”符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IntheAugustsun,it’sunbearablyhotinmycar.I’minVancouver,____21____theKnightStreetBridgeasItrytogethomeafterwork.____22____isalreadyslowingdownandthenitcomestoafullstop.I’m____23____evenbeforegettingonthebridge.Aheadofmeisaheavilyjammedroad.Istareattheendlessrowsof____24____,depressed.ButIstay____25____.Whenthecarsdomove,Imovecarefully,makingsurenottocrashintoothervehicles.Finally,Imakeitontothe____26____.Thetrafficisstill____27____forwardatasnail’space.Tiredandhungry,Ibecomeveryanxious.Justthen,Ihearafaintsound____28____.Thesoundgraduallybecomeslouder,untilIcan____29____itasanemergencyvehicleapproachingfrombehind.Whatdowedo?Thebridgeis____30____.There’snoroomforustomove.ButI’mwrong.Everysinglecarquickly,yetcarefully,movestotheside.Withoutthinking,I____31____.Thelaneremainsopenforafewsecondsduringwhichtheambulance____32____through.Afterwards,everycarmovesbackintoformation(隊(duì)形),andwecontinueourpatient____33____.Iforgetmyexhaustionandhunger.Myanxietyisgone.Howdidwedothat?Despiteourexhaustion,wecollectivelydecidedtohelpthestrangerwhoneededthetimemore____34____thanwedid.Wedrewon(利用)oursympathyandintelligence,requiringno____35____.Togetherwecouldmaketheimpossiblepossible.21.A.approaching B.constructing C.passing D.guarding22.A.Traffic B.Growth C.Progress D.Emergency23.A.stricken B.prepared C.involved D.stuck24.A.stars B.buildings C.drivers D.vehicles25.A.frustrated B.positive C.focused D.alarmed26.A.platform B.bridge C.ground D.position27.A.speeding B.moving C.marching D.driving28.A.inthedistance B.inadvance C.atonce D.withcase29.A.represent B.regard C.identify D.recommend30.A.closed B.packed C.broken D.shaky31.A.makeup B.breakdown C.followsuit D.slowdown32A.comes B.falls C.breaks D.flashes33.A.explanation B.rescue C.attempt D.wait34.A.cautiously B.desperately C.frequently D.patiently35.A.instructions B.attention C.trust D.strength【答案】21.A22.A23.D24.D25.C26.B27.B28.A29.C30.B31.C32.D33.D34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在下班回家途中遇到交通堵塞，由于又餓又累，作者非常焦慮。但是當(dāng)救護(hù)車需要經(jīng)過時(shí)，作者和其他司機(jī)都非常自覺地讓路，這讓作者感到了陌生人之間的友愛互助。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我現(xiàn)在在溫哥華，下班回家的路上正走到KnightStreet大橋。A.approaching接近；B.constructing建筑，修建；C.passing經(jīng)過；D.guarding守衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)。根據(jù)下文“evenbeforegettingonthebridge”可知，此時(shí)作者應(yīng)該還沒上橋，所以應(yīng)該是“接近，靠近”KnightStreet大橋。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：交通已經(jīng)慢下來了，然后就完全停了下來。A.Traffic交通；B.Growth生長(zhǎng)，成長(zhǎng)；C.Progress進(jìn)步；D.Emergency突發(fā)事件，緊急情況。根據(jù)下文“Aheadofmeisaheavilyjammedroad.(在我前面是一條嚴(yán)重堵塞的道路)”可知，作者遇到交通擁堵，所以應(yīng)該是“交通”慢下來了。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我還沒上橋就被困住了。A.stricken受煎熬的，患病的；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；C.involved卷入的，有關(guān)的；D.stuck卡住的，堵住的；困住的。根據(jù)上文“itcomestoafullstop”可知，作者是被困在擁堵的交通里。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我凝視著那一輛列無盡的車輛，心情沮喪。A.stars星星；B.buildings建筑；C.drivers司機(jī)；D.vehicles交通工具，車輛。結(jié)合語境可知，作者被堵在路上，看到的應(yīng)該是望不到頭的“車”。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我保持專注。A.frustrated懊惱的，沮喪的；B.positive積極的；C.focused注意力集中的；D.alarmed恐慌的。根據(jù)下文“Whenthecarsdomove,Imovecarefully,makingsurenottocrashintoothervehicles.(當(dāng)其他車移動(dòng)，我也小心移動(dòng)，確保不要撞到其他車)”可知，作者雖然感到有點(diǎn)郁悶，但仍然注意力“集中”。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我上了橋。A.platform平臺(tái)；B.bridge橋；C.ground地面；D.position位置。第一段提到作者還沒有上橋，所以這里應(yīng)該是終于上“橋”了。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：交通仍然像蝸牛一樣緩慢地前進(jìn)。A.speeding加速；B.moving移動(dòng)；C.marching行進(jìn)，齊步走；D.driving駕駛。根據(jù)后文“atasnail’sspped”可知，應(yīng)該是以蝸牛的速度向前“移動(dòng)”。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，我聽到遠(yuǎn)處有微弱的聲音。A.inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處；B.inadvance提前；C.atonce立即；D.withcase輕松地。根據(jù)句中“afaintsound(微弱的聲音)”可知，聲音應(yīng)該是從“遠(yuǎn)處”傳來。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：聲音越來越大，直到我認(rèn)出那是一輛從后面駛來的急救車。A.represent代表；B.regard認(rèn)為，看待；C.identify確認(rèn)，識(shí)別；D.recommend推薦。根據(jù)語境及“anemergencyvehicleapproachingfrombehind”可知，聲音逐漸變大，直到作者辨認(rèn)出是救護(hù)車從后面駛來，故選C。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：橋上很擁堵。A.closed封閉的，關(guān)著的；B.packed擁擠的；C.broken破損的；D.shaky顫抖的，搖晃的。根據(jù)后文“There’snoroomforustomove.(我們沒有移動(dòng)的空間)”可知，橋上應(yīng)該是太擁堵了。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：不假思索，我也跟著做。A.makeup組成，編造；B.breakdown出故障，分解；C.followsuit跟著做；D.slowdown減速。上文“Everysinglecarquickly,yetcarefully,movestotheside.”提到每一輛車都快速而小心地移到邊上，作者應(yīng)該是跟著做。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：車道在幾秒鐘內(nèi)保持開放，在此期間救護(hù)車閃著光通過。A.comes來；B.falls落下，跌倒；C.breaks打破；D.flashes閃光。根據(jù)常識(shí)，救護(hù)車應(yīng)該是閃著光通過。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：之后，每輛車回到隊(duì)形，我們繼續(xù)耐心等待。A.explanation解釋；B.rescue營(yíng)救；C.attempt嘗試；D.wait等待。根據(jù)“everycarmovesbackintoformation”及語境可知，救護(hù)車通過后，所有車輛又回到原來的隊(duì)形，繼續(xù)耐心“等待”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我們都很疲憊，但我們還是決定幫助那個(gè)比我們更需要時(shí)間的陌生人。A.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；B.desperately絕望地，極度地；C.frequently頻繁地；D.patiently耐心地。結(jié)合語境可知，盡管很疲憊，但我們?nèi)w司機(jī)都決定幫助那個(gè)比我們更“極度”需要時(shí)間的陌生人。故選B。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們利用了大家的同情心和智慧，不需要任何指示。A.instructions指示，說明；B.attention注意力；C.trust信任；D.strength力量，優(yōu)勢(shì)。結(jié)合語境可知，大家不需要任何“指示”，自發(fā)地幫助了陌生人。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Prihardinni,fromtheIndonesiancityofSurabaya,isamazedathowtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)____36____(continue)todevelopsinceshebeganstudyingitayearago.The20-year-oldarrivedinChinain2019andinitiallystudiedChineseintheeasternChinesecityofWuxi.Sheis____37____(current)afreshmanattheGansuUniversityofChineseMedicine,theonlyuniversityinNorthwestChinapermittedtograntadoctoraldegreeinTCM,____38____isamedicalsystemwiththousandsofyearsofhistoryandwidespreadinternational____39____(popular).WhenPrihardinniwas10yearsold,shesuffered____40____continuousheadaches.So,hermothertookhertoseeaTCMdoctorneartheirhome.Thedoctorcheckedherpulse,examinedherfaceandtongue,andwrotedownaprescription(處方).Afterseveral____41____(week)ofconsumingthebitterherbalmedicine,hersy