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2022-2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一英語期中試卷
第一卷(共95分)
第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話,每段對話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),
并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一
小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1.HowmuchwastheTVsell?
A.$60.B.$120.C.$90.
2.Whatdoesthemanmean?
A.Tomwastalkingwiththepostman.
B.Tomwasrunningaroundthecorner.
C.Tomwashelpingthepostmanwithhiswork.
3.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?
A.Buyafan.B.Useelectricity.C.Coolhimselfdown.
4.WhydidthebosscriticizeJoseph?
A.Hewaslateforwork.B.Hequarreledwiththemanspeaker.C.Hecriticizedthemanspeakertoo
seriously.
5.WhoisFiona?
A.Thewomanspeaker.B.Thompson?ssister.C.Daisy'ssister
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中
選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,
每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6至8題。
6.Whatwastheweatherlikelastweek?
A.Toowarm.B.Niceandsunny.C.Neitherhotnorcold.
7.Whatseasonisitnow?
A.Summer.B.Winter.C.Autumn.
8.Whatdoesthemanthinktheweatherwillbelikethisweekend?
A.Hethinksifllrain.B.Hethinksifllbecloudy.C.Hedoesn'tthinkitUlrain.
聽第7段材料,回答第9至11題。
9.Whatcanweknowaboutthesinginggroup?
A.It'smadeupof15girls.
B.Itpracticesonceeveryotherweek.
C.Everymembercomesontimeforeachpractice.
10.Whatisthesinginggroupdoingthesedays?
A.Writinganewsong.B.Practicingeightsongs.C.Practicingforaschoolshow.
11.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewsong?
A.ItsnameisSundays.B.It'swrittenbyafamousmusician.C.It'swrittenbyasingerofthe
group.
聽第8段材料,回答第12至14題。
12.Whatisthefatherreadingatthebeginningoftheconversation?
A.Anovel.B.Anewspaper.C.Amagazine.
13.Whatkindofbookdoesthegirlwanttoread?
A.Abookondolls.B.Abookaboutanimals.C.Abookaboutcandyandcookies.
14.Whatdoesthegirfsteachersayaboutreading?
A.Thegirlshouldreadbookseveryday.
B.Thegirlcanborrowbooksfromthelibrary.
C.Thegirlshouldreadatleasttenbooksanight.
聽第9段材料,回答第15至17題。
15.Wherearetheyplanningtogointhemorning?
A.Toazoo.B.Toanartmuseum.C.lbtheseashore.
16.WhydoesthewomanwanttogoshoppingInstead?
A.Tobuysomeclothes.B.Tomeetherfriendthere.C.Tobuyagiftforherfriend.
17.Whataretheytalkingabout?
A.Acityguide.B.Ashoppingcenter.C.Atravelplan.
聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。
18.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Howyoudecidewhattobuyinasupermarket.
B.Howasupermarketmakespeoplespendmore.
C.Whodecideshowmuchtospendinasupermarket.
19.Whydoesthefoodthateverybodymustbuyspreadalloverthestore?
A.Toprovideagoodservice.
B.Toleadcustomerstoallsectionsofthestore.
C.Tomakeiteasyforcustomerstolocatethefood.
20.Howmuchdopeoplespendaftertheyhavebeeninastorefor30minutes?
A.1,500centsintotal.B.40centseachminute.C.Fivedollarseachminute.
第二部分閱讀理解50分(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題,每題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在
答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
WELCOME
WelcometoWindsorCastle,theoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworld.Windsorisoneoftheofficial
residences(住所)oftheQueen,whosometimesstayshere.
Audiotours
Freeaudiotoursareavailable(可用的)onleavingtheAdmissionCentreatthestartofyourvisit.Thereisa
descriptiveaudiotourforblindandpoor-sightedvisitors.
Guidedtours
VisitorscanexplorethehistoryoftheCastlethroughatourofthePrecinctswithanexpertguide.Toursdepartat
regularintervals(間隙)throughoutthedayfromtheCourtyardandfinishattheentrancetotheStateApartments.
Visitorswithchildren
Forthosevisitingwithchildren,aspecialfamilytourandvariousactivitiesareofferedduringschoolholidays
andatweekends.PleasenotepermitsintheStateApartments.However,babycarriersareavailabletoborrow.
StGeorge'sChapel
VisitorsarrivingattheCastleafter15:00fromMarchtoOctoberareadvisedtovisitStGeorge'sChapelfirst
beforeitcloses.
Shopping
ShopsofferawiderangeofsouvenirsdesignedfortheRoyalCollection,includingbooks,postcards,china,
jewellery,andchildren'stoys.PleaseaskattheMiddleWardshopaboutourhomedeliveryservice.
Refreshments(食物和飲料)
BottledwatercanbepurchasedfromtheCourtyardandMiddleWardshops.FromApriltoSeptembericecream
isalsoavailable,VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshmentsinthetownmaygetre-entrypermitsfromthe
castleshops.EatinganddrinkingarenotpermittedintheStateApartmentsorStGeorge'sChapel.
Photographyandmobilephones
Non-commercialphotographyandfilmingarewelcomedintheCastle.Photography,videorecordingand
filmingarenotpermittedinsidetheStateApartmentsorStGeorge'sChapel.Mobilephonemustbeswitchedoff
insidetheStateApartmentsandStGeorge'sChapelinconsiderationofothervisitors.
Security
AsWinterCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairportstylesecurity
checks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasons,aone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.
1.Whatisspeciallyofferedtovisitorswithkids?
A.Asecurityguard.B.Ababycarrier.C.Afreetoy.D.Apushchair.
2.Whyarevisitorsrequiredtoturnofftheirmobilephones?
A.ToensurethesafetyoftheQueen.B.ToensurethesecurityoftheCastle.
C.Topreventthemfromdisturbingothers.D.Topreventtheuseofthebuilt-incameras.
3.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?
A.Astorybook.B.Adictionary.C.Atravelguide.D.Asciencereport.
【答案】LB2.C3.C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章講述參觀WinterCastle的一些事項(xiàng)的說明。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Visitorswithchildren中的"However,babycarriersareavailabletoborrow」不過,你可以借
到嬰兒背帶。)”可知帶孩子的游客可以借到嬰兒背帶。故選B。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Photographyandmobilephones中的MobilephonemustbeswitchedoffinsideIheState
ApartmentsandStGeorge'sChapelinconsiderationofothervisitors.(考慮到其他游客,國家公寓和圣喬治教堂
內(nèi)的手機(jī)必須關(guān)閉。)”可知關(guān)掉手機(jī)是怕影響其他游客,故選C。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,文章講述參觀WinterCastle的一些事項(xiàng)的說明,所以這篇文章最有可能摘自
旅游指南,故選C。
B
Physicaleducation,orPE,isn'trequiredforallhighschoolstudents.Insomeschools,itisn'tofferedforsome
differentreasons.Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly“yes”.
Todaymanypeopledon'tdosports.Butasisknowntoall.doingsportsisveryimportantforanadult.Teaching
teenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplace
asanadult.
Highschoolisn5tthateasy.Manystudentsareunderalotofstress.Stresscanbeharmfultoastudent'sstudies
andlife.Doingsportscanhelpthemdealwithstressbetter,helpingthemliveahappierlifeatschool.
TheAmericanHeartAssociationsaysthat10millionkidsandteenssufferfromobesity(月巴胖).Teensshouldget
60minutesofphysicalactivityperdaytocontroltheirweightandtohelptheirbonesgetstronger.Theincreasein
activitiesthatdon'tgetteenstomovearoundsuchascomputergames,meansmanyteensdon'tgettheirrequired
exercise.PEclassesactasapublichealthmeasure(措施)toencouragephysicalactivitiesandhelpteenshavehealthy
weights.
Notdoingsportsincreasesteens'hazardofdevelopingmanydiseases.Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayof
protectionfromthesehealthproblems.Asmuchas75percentofhealth-carespendinggoestowardtreatingmedical
conditionsthatcanbepreventedbylifestylechanges,accordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine.
AccordingtothePresident'sCouncilonFitness,SportsandNutrition(PCFSN),studentswhoperformedfive
hoursofphysicalactivitieseachweekimprovedtheiracademic(學(xué)業(yè)的)performance.Studentsfromprogramswith
nophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogave
upsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.
4.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdoesphysicaleducationinhighschoolmean?
A.Makingteensattachimportancetoexerciselater.
B.Removingthestressfacedbyteensatschool.
C.Gettingteenstoencourageadultstoexercise.
D.Helpingteenslearntomakegoodplans
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazard“inParagraph5mean?
A.Happiness.B.Risk.C.Safety.D.Sadness.
6.AccordingtothePCFSN,doingsport.
A.meansmakingstudentschoosebetweensportsandstudies
B.helpsstudentsmakegooduseofalltheirtime
C.meansstudentsadjusttotheirstudiesbetter
D.helpsstudentsdobetterintheirstudies
7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreceivephysicaleducation.
B.Whysomeschoolsconsiderphysicaleducationimportant.
C.Howschoolscanhelpstudentslovedoingsports.
D.Howhighschoolstudentscanliveabetterlife.
【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講了為什么高中生應(yīng)該接受體育教育。
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcan
helpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.(現(xiàn)在教導(dǎo)青少年健康生活方式的重要性,制定健身計(jì)劃,
可以幫助青少年成年后,把鍛煉放在首位)”可知,根據(jù)第二段,高中體育教育意味著讓青少年重視以后的
鍛煉。故選A。
【5題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.(積
極的生活方式是預(yù)防這些健康問題的好方法)”可知,如果不運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)增加青少年患多種疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此
hazard意思是:危險(xiǎn),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimefor
classroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysical
education.(不參加體育活動(dòng)的學(xué)生,把額外的時(shí)間用于課堂學(xué)習(xí),在考試中的表現(xiàn)并不比那些為了支持體
育而放棄一些學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的學(xué)生好。)”可推斷出,PCFSN認(rèn)為,做運(yùn)動(dòng)幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上做得更好。故選D。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。第一段uButshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainlyt4yes,\(
是中學(xué)生應(yīng)該接受體育教育嗎?答案當(dāng)然是肯定的)”是全文的主題句,結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,可知這篇文章主要
講了為什么高中生應(yīng)該接受體育教育。故選A。
C
Itseemsasifsocialmediaplatformshavetakenoverourlives.Accordingtoastudy,therewereover3.6billion
socialmediausersin2021.Andthatnumberisonlyexpectedtogrow.
Althoughsocialmediaplatformshavehelpedtokeepfriendsandfamilyconnected,thereisalsoadarksideto
socialmedia.Toputitsimply,itisamoneymakingmachine.Thisispartiallybecauseofsocialmediainfluencers.A
socialmediainfluencerissomeone“whocanshapeaudience'sattitudesthroughblogs,tweets,andtheuseofother
socialmedia^^.Youmaybeaskingyourself,“Whywouldtheywanttodothis,though?^^Theanswerissimple:to
makemoney.Socialmediainfluencersmakemoneybypromotingbrandsamongtheirfollowers.Infact,influencer
marketingissoprofitablethatthestudyreportedthattheindustryisexpectedtoreach$15billioninvaluein2022.
Socialmediainfluencersarenowbeingcalledoutbecausesomeoftheiractionshavestartedtonegatively
impacttheenvironment.Onemaninparticular,whogoesbyStevetoremainanonymous(匿名的),noticedthatsome
onlineinfluencersfailedtofollowruleswhentheywenttonationalparksorpublicplaces.Thisincludedthingslike
leavinggarbagebehind,orusingdrones(無人機(jī))totakepicturesfromthesky.
Becauseofthis,Stevemadeithismissiontostopsocialmediainfluencersfromhurtingtheenvironmentwith
theirbadbehaviorinordertogetthe"perfectshot”.In2018,hemadetheaccount“PublicLandsHateYou"toname
andshameinfluencerswhofailedtofollowtherulesmadetoprotecttheenvironment.Theaccountnowhasover85
thousandfollowers.
Hehopedthatitcouldhelpsomeinfluencersfindthelightandrighttheirwrongs.Stevesaid,“Ifeverybody
thoughtjustalittlebitmoreabouttheirsmallactionsandtheimpactthoseactionshaveontheenvironmentandthe
peoplearoundthem,Ithinkthatalotofourbiggerproblemswouldbemuchmoreeasilysolved.”
8.Whatfeatureofsocialmediainfluencersismainlyshowninparagraph2?
A.Goodcommunication.B.Chasingprofits.
C.Creativeshows.D.Volunteeringservice.
9.Howdoesthewriterpresenthisideainparagraph3?
A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byofferingdata.
CBymakingcomparisons.D.Byexplainingreasons.
10.Whywas“PublicLandsHateYou”made?
A.Towinwideattentionandattractmorefans.
B.Togettheinfluencersawareoftheirwrongdeeds.
C.Tomakepublicplacesinaccessibletoinfluencers.
D.Toinfonntheinfluencersoftheplacesforperfectshots.
11.WhatisimpliedfromSteve5swordsinthelastparagraph?
A.Wellbegunishalfdone.B.Practicemakesperfect.
C.Everybitofeffortcounts.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章講述了社交媒體的陰暗面。社交媒體影響者通過在粉絲中推廣品牌來賺錢。
社交媒體上的影響者現(xiàn)在被點(diǎn)名,因?yàn)樗麄兊囊恍┬袨橐呀?jīng)開始對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。一位化名史蒂夫
(Steve)的匿名人士在2018年,他創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)名為“公共土地恨你”的賬號,點(diǎn)名批評那些不遵守環(huán)境保護(hù)
規(guī)則的網(wǎng)紅。他希望這能幫助一些有影響力的人找到光明,糾正他們的錯(cuò)誤。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Socialmediainfluencersmakemoneybypromotingbrandsamongtheirfollowers.In
fact,influencermarketingissoprofitablethatthestudyreportedthattheindustryisexpectedtoreach$15billionin
valuein2022.”(雖然社交媒體平臺(tái)有助于保持朋友和家人之間的聯(lián)系,但社交媒體也有其陰暗面。簡單地
說,它是一個(gè)賺錢的機(jī)器。這部分是因?yàn)樯缃幻襟w上的影響者。社交媒體影響者是指“可以通過博客、推特
和其他社交媒體的使用來影響受眾態(tài)度的人"。你可能會(huì)問自己:“他們?yōu)槭裁匆@么做呢?”答案很簡單:賺錢。
社交媒體影響者通過在粉絲中推廣品牌來賺錢。事實(shí)上,影響者營銷非常有利可圖,該研究報(bào)告稱,該行
業(yè)的價(jià)值有望在2022年達(dá)到150億美元。)可知,第二段主要展示了社交媒體影響者追逐利潤的特點(diǎn)。故
選Bo
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段aSocialmediainfluencersarenowbeingcalledoutbecausesomeoftheiractionshave
startedtonegativelyimpacttheenvironment.Onemaninparticular,whogoesbyStevetoremainanonymous(匿名
的),noticedthatsomeonlineinfluencersfailedtofollowruleswhentheywentlonationalparksorpublicplaces.
Thisincludedthingslikeleavinggarbagebehind,orusingdrones(無人機(jī))totakepicturesfromthesky.”(社交媒
體上的影響者現(xiàn)在被點(diǎn)名,因?yàn)樗麄兊囊恍┬袨橐呀?jīng)開始對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。尤其是一位化名史蒂夫
(Steve)的匿名人士,他注意到一些有影響力的網(wǎng)友在去國家公園或公共場所時(shí)不遵守規(guī)則。這包括留下垃圾,
或使用無人機(jī)從空中拍照。)可知,作者在第三段通過舉例來提出他的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"In2018,hemadetheaccount"PublicLandsHateYou'tonameandshameinfluencers
whofailedtofollowtherulesmadetoprotecttheenvironment.Theaccountnowhasover85thousandfollowers.n
(2018年,他創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)名為“公共土地恨你”的賬號,點(diǎn)名批評那些不遵守環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)則的網(wǎng)紅。這個(gè)
賬號現(xiàn)在有超過8.5萬名粉絲。)可知,寫“公共土地恨你”為了讓那些有影響力的人意識到他們的錯(cuò)誤行
為。故選B。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Stevesaid,'Ifeverybodythoughtjustalittlebitmoreabouttheirsmallactionsand
theimpactthoseactionshaveontheenvironmentandthepeoplearoundthem,Ithinkthatalotofourbigger
problemswouldbemuchmoreeasilysolved.'"(他希望這能幫助一些有影響力的人找到光明,糾正他們的錯(cuò)
誤。史蒂夫說:“如果每個(gè)人都多考慮一下自己的小行為,以及這些行為對環(huán)境和周圍人的影響,我認(rèn)為很多
更大的問題就會(huì)更容易解決。)可知,Steve在最后一段的話中暗示了每一點(diǎn)努力都很重要。故選C。
D
“Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds....Spreadingoutmaybetheonlything
thatsavesusfromourselves.IamconvincedthathumansneedtoleaveEarth."Thesearethewordsofthefamous
scientistStephenHawking,spokenatasciencefestivalinNorwayin2017,ayearbeforehisdeath.
Hawkingwasnotaloneinthisview.Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefuture
istocolonize(移民)otherplanets.Thatwayifanasteroid(小行星),aterribledisease,nuclearwar,orsome
otherdisasterstrikesEarth,civilizationwouldstillhaveachance.Marsisoneoftheidealdestinations.NASA,
SpaceX,andMarsOneallhaveplanstosendhumansthere.''EitherwespreadEarthtootherplanets,orweriskgoing
extinct,SpaceXfounderElonMusksaidataconferencein2013.
ButnoteveryoneagreesthatcolonizingMarsoranyotherplanetissuchagreatplan.Themostcommon
argumentagainstgoingisthatifsjusttooexpensiveordangerous.Itwilltakehugeamountsofmoneyandother
resourcesjusttogetpeoplethere,letalonesetupaplaceforthemtolive.Ifsnotevenclearifhumanscouldsurvive
onMars.
MaybeallthetimeandmoneypeoplewouldpourintoaMarsmissionwouldbebetterspentonmoreurgent
projectshereonEarth,likedealingwithpovertyorclimatechange.Someexpertsarguethathandlingaproblemlike
anasteroidstrikeordiseaseoutbreakwhilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethan
survivingonanewplanet.
Inaddition,movingtoanewplanetcouldharmordestroyanythingthatalreadylivesthere.Humanvisitors
changeordamagetheMartianenvironment.Somefeelthafstoomuchofarisktotake.
12.WhatisStephenHawking'sviewaccordingtoparagraph1?
A.Theearthislikelytoblowup.
B.HumansareusingupnaturalresourcesonEarth.
C.Itisnecessarytospreadouttootherplanets.
D.Weshouldexploreourworldtosaveourselves.
13.WhyaremanyexpertsinfavorofleavingEarth?
A.Becausetherewillbeanuclearwarinthenearfuture.
B.BecausehumancanlivebetteronMars.
C.Becauseitisawayforearthcivilizationtolast.
D.Becauseitisawaytotestourspacetechnology.
14.WhichofthefollowingmaythosewhoareagainstcolonizingMarsagree?
A.ItiswisertodealwithproblemsonEarth.
B.Itiseasytostopadiseaseoutbreak.
C.HumanwillnotsurviveonMars.
D.ItisimpossibletosetupaplaceforpeopletoliveonMars.
15.Whatisthebesttitleofpassage?
A.LeavingEarthtoOtherPlanetsB.ShouldWeColonizeMars?
C.NewHomeonNewPlanetD.AMarMissionIsonTheWay
【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了有些專家認(rèn)為為了人類和人類文明的延續(xù),人類應(yīng)該離開地球,移
民去其他星球,尤其是去火星。而一些人認(rèn)為這樣的計(jì)劃不僅昂貴而且危險(xiǎn),甚至還會(huì)破會(huì)火星的生態(tài)。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“"Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds....Spreading
outmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.IamconvincedthathumansneedtoleaveEarth."Theseare
thewordsofthefamousscientistStephenHawking("我們即將用盡空間,唯一可以去的地方是其他星球延
伸探索范圍可能是自我拯救的唯一方法。我相信,人類需要離開地球”,這是著名的科學(xué)家史蒂芬?霍金的
話)”可知,霍金認(rèn)為延伸探索其他星球是必要的。故選C項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefutureisto
colonizeotherplanets.Thatway,ifanasteroid(小行星),aterribledisease,nuclearwar,orsomeotherdisaster
strikesEarth,civilizationwouldstillhaveachance.(許多專家認(rèn)為,人類要想在未來生存下去,唯一的辦法就
是移民其他行星。用那種方式,如果一顆小行星,一種可怕的疾病,核戰(zhàn)爭,或其他一些災(zāi)難襲擊地球,
文明仍然有機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知,許多專家支持離開地球是因?yàn)檫@是地球文明得以延續(xù)的一種方式。故選C項(xiàng)。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Someexpertsarguethathandlingaproblemlikeanasteroidstrikeordisease
outbreakwhilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethansurvivingonanewplanet.(一
些專家認(rèn)為,留在地球上處理像小行星撞擊或爆發(fā)疾病這樣的問題要比在新星球上生存要容易得多,也更
便宜得多)”可知,反對移民火星的人會(huì)同意處理地球上的問題更明智。故選A項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。文章第一段StephenHawking的話中uSpreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfrom
ourselves.(探索外界可能是拯救我們自身的唯一途徑)”,引出話題,我們可能需要去其他星球來拯救我們自
己。文章第二段中"Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefutureistocolonizeother
planets.(許多專家認(rèn)為,人類要想在未來生存下去,唯一的辦法就是移民其他行星)”表明很多專家支持移
民火星的計(jì)劃。文章第三段中"ButnoteveryoneagreesthatcolonizingMarsoranyotherplanetissuchagreatplan.
(但并不是每個(gè)人都同意,向火星或其他任何行星移民是一個(gè)偉大的計(jì)劃)”,緊接著分析了移民火星的代價(jià)
和危害,綜合可知,整篇文章就是在講我們要不要移民火星,選項(xiàng)B"ShouldWeColonizeMars?”我們應(yīng)該
移民火星嗎?符合要求,故選B項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(七選五)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
“Ashipinharborissafe,butthatisnotwhatshipsarebuiltfbr,“saidJohnA.Shedd,anearly20thcenturyauthor.
Throughout9theCovid-19,we'veallbecomeusedtoassessingriskinnewways.We'vecometounderstand,though
wecannevergetridofriskaltogether,wehavegreatpowertomakechoicesbothlargeandsmalltoprotect
ourselves.16Itstopsusfromsteppingoutsideofourcomfortzonesandtryingnewthings.
Developmentalpsychologiststalkabout"positiverisks”—sociallyacceptablerisksthatourlivescanbenefit
from.17Butwhataboutthese,whodevelopintoadults?Researchershavefoundthathappinessforolder
adultsisbeingabletochoosehowtheyspendtheirtime,includingwaysthatareadventurous,newandeven-like
hikingorotheroutdooractivities-mildlyrisky.
Oneguidetopositiveriskmanagementlistswaysthatpeoplecanmakesuretheirrisksareontheusafensideof
riskrange.Forexample,toensureasuccessfulbikeride,youshouldinadvanceequipyourselfwithafully-charged
cellphoneandafullwaterbottle.18Orifyouare,concernedaboutyourphysicalcapacity,consulta
certifiedtrainerormedicalprofessionalbeforedeparture.
19Thismeansadaptingtochangingsituations.Inresponsetothedeadlyvirus,peoplechoosetostep
backintonormallifeonlyaftertheyarevaccinated.Inthisway,peoplecouldbeconfidentthattheriskistolerable.
Nobodywantstobeneedlesslyrisky.Butusingournewly-acquiredriskassessmenttools,wecanonceagain
learnandgrowinourlives.20
A.Takerisksinapositiveway.
B.Buttheself-protectivemindstatecarriesitsownrisk.
C.Overallhappinessisonebenefitofpositiverisk-taking.
D.Remembertotelloneofyourfriendsorfamilyyourdestination.
E.Besidestakingpreventivesteps,flexiblethinkingisalsoencouraged.
F.Likeashipsailingawayfromitsharbor,thatiswhatwewerebuilttodo.
GForteenagers,thismeansriskslikerunningformonitorortryingoutforateam.
【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.E20.F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本篇主要講述了作者認(rèn)為盡管要保護(hù)自己,但也要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)積極冒險(xiǎn),嘗試
新事物的想法,并給出了積極冒險(xiǎn)的定義、措施。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“"Ashipinharborissafe,butthatisnotwhatshipsarebuiltfor,vsaidJohnA.Shedd,anearly20thcentury
author.Throughout'theCovid-19,we'veallbecomeusedtoassessingriskinnewways.We'vecometounderstand,
thoughwecannevergetridofriskaltogether,wehavegreatpowertomakechoicesbothlargeandsmalltoprotect
ourse1ves.(“停泊在港口的船是安全的,但那不是造船的目的,”20世紀(jì)初的作家JohnA.Shedd說。在整個(gè)
Covid-19疫情期間,我們都習(xí)慣于以新的方式評估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我們己經(jīng)認(rèn)識到,盡管我們永遠(yuǎn)無法完全擺脫風(fēng)
險(xiǎn),但我們有強(qiáng)大的能力做出大大小小的選擇來保護(hù)自己)”以及后文"ItStopsusfromsteppingoutsideofour
comfortzonesandtryingnewthings.(它阻止我們走出舒適區(qū),嘗試新事物)“可知,前面講述了因?yàn)橐咔槲覀?/p>
都變得習(xí)慣用新方式評估風(fēng)險(xiǎn),我們開始意識到我們有很大的能力進(jìn)行大大小小的選擇來保護(hù)自己,而空
格后卻表明這阻止我們邁出舒適圈和嘗試新事物可知,選B才能符合前后的轉(zhuǎn)折,it指代B中的自我保護(hù)
的心態(tài),但是自我保護(hù)的心態(tài)也有自己的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故B選項(xiàng)“但是自我保護(hù)的精神狀態(tài)也有它自己的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”
符合語境,故選B。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文aDevelopmentalpsychologiststalkabout''positiverisks''—sociallyacceptablerisksthatourlivescan
benefitfrom.(發(fā)展心理學(xué)家談?wù)摗胺e極風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”一一社會(huì)可接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),我們的生活可以從中受益)”以及后文
“Butwhataboutthese,whodevelopintoadults?Researchershavefoundthathappinessforolderadultsisbeing
abletochoosehowtheyspendtheirlime,includingwaysthatareadventurous,newandeven-likehikingorother
outdooractivities—mildlyrisky.(但是那些成長為成年人的人呢?研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),老年人的幸福在于能夠選擇
如何度過他們的時(shí)間,包括冒險(xiǎn)的、新的甚至是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小的徒步旅行或其他戶外活動(dòng))”可知,上文表明發(fā)
展心理學(xué)家講述了積極風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的定義,空格后卻表示但已經(jīng)長大成人的大人呢。由此可知,所填句子應(yīng)該是
承接前一句講述青少年(發(fā)展心理學(xué)本身的主要內(nèi)容就是兒童期,包括青少年的心理發(fā)展),因此選G,對
于青少年這意味著像競選班長、報(bào)名參加一個(gè)團(tuán)體這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),this指代前面的positiverisks,然后空格后
再轉(zhuǎn)折講述成年人的幸福也包括冒險(xiǎn)?故G選項(xiàng)“對青少年來說,這意味著要冒競選班長或參加團(tuán)隊(duì)的風(fēng)
險(xiǎn)”符合語境,故選G。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)上文uOneguidetopositiveriskmanagementlistswaysthatpeoplecanmakesuretheirrisksareonthe"safe"
sideofriskrange.Forexample,toensureasuccessfulbikeride,youshouldinadvanceequipyourselfwitha
fully-chargedcellphoneandafullwaterbottle.(一份積極風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理指南列出了人們可以確保他們的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處于風(fēng)
險(xiǎn)范圍的“安全”一側(cè)的方法。例如,為了確保騎行成功,你應(yīng)該提前準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)充滿電的手機(jī)和一個(gè)裝
滿水的水瓶)”可知,此處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)描述為了順利完成自行車騎行而采取的措施,故D選項(xiàng)“記得告訴你的
朋友或家人你的目的地”符合語境,故選D。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“Thismeansadaptingtochangingsituations.Inresponsetothedeadlyvirus,peoplechoosetostepback
intonormallifeonlyaftertheyarevaccinated.Inthisway,peoplecouldbeconfidentthattheriskistolerable.(這意
味著要適應(yīng)不斷變化的情況。為了應(yīng)對這一致命病毒,人們只有在接種疫苗后才選擇回到正常生活。這樣,
人們就可以相信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是可以承受的)”可知,根據(jù)空格后表示這表明適應(yīng)變化的情形。后面舉例表明,面對
致死的病毒,人們選擇在接種疫苗后回到日常生活可知,這里選E才符合后文,this指代E中的flexible
thinking,除了采取預(yù)防措施,靈活變通的想法也值得提倡。故E選項(xiàng)“除了采取預(yù)防措施外,還鼓勵(lì)靈活
思考”符合語境,故選E。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)上文uNobodywantstobeneedlesslyrisky.Butusingournewly-acquiredriskassessmenttools,wecanonce
againlearnandgrowinourlives.(沒有人愿意冒不必要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但使用我們新獲得的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估工具,我們可以
再次在生活中學(xué)習(xí)和成長)”可知,文章開頭就用船比喻人,表明盡管在港口的船是安全的,但那不是造船
的目的,來鼓勵(lì)人們進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)拿半U(xiǎn)。在中間講述了適當(dāng)冒險(xiǎn)的好處,定義和相應(yīng)措施后,最后一段選F
最合適,既符合該段落再次倡導(dǎo)使用新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估工具,也符合前文對積極冒險(xiǎn)的倡議,就像離開港口的
船一樣,我們的人生也該那樣(合理冒險(xiǎn))。故F選項(xiàng)“就像一艘駛離港灣的船,這就是我們的使命”符合
語境,故選F。
第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(50分)
第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在
答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
ShetaraSimsofMissourihasneverforgottenthekindnesstheKansasCityPoliceshowedherafteroneofher
daughterswasmurderedin2012.Shesaidthedepartmentsupportedherevery21oftheway,sending
detectivestocheckonherfamilyandactinglike"doctors,fathers,andlifelinesallinone.^^
Asasinglem
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