2022高考英語閱讀文體專項訓(xùn)練之事實類說明文

備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語閱讀文體專項訓(xùn)練

之事實類說明文（學(xué)生版）

（A）

TheLifecycleofaT-shirt

WeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthink,abouttheinfluenceofa

T-shirtontheplanet?You'dprobablybesurprisedtolearnwhat1sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjust

oneT-shirt.

Thereare5majorstages:material,production,shipping,useanddisposal處理）Thematerial

stageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecottonisanatural

fiber（纖維）andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibers,itstilltakesatollinthe

materialandproductionstages,mercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuse

ofpesticides（殺蟲劑）iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshave

shownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich25%wasspenton

cottoncropsintheUs.

Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting

bleaching,dyeingcuttingsewing,etc.-theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy,

mercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.

AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstage.Thisofteninvolvesoverseas

shipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments（衣月艮）are

madeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shiportruck...allofwhichspillCO2

intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15

poundspermile.

OncetheT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleast

environmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou'vewashedanddriedyour

favoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybeingmoreefficient.However,theaverage

Americanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterper

load.Suchexcessivewateruseisbinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.

ThefinalstageoflifeisdisposalThisreleasesharmfulemissions,orinwolvesalandfill

wherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUsrecordsshowthatanestimated15%of

clothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthese

materialstolandfills.

Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesinto

theproductionofclothing—IthasarealimpactontheplanetTherearealotofthingsyoucando

tohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycleclothes.Ifthey1retoowornouttowear,cutthem

upandusethemascleaningrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecycles

textiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethemmostatonyour

washer,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.

1.Theunderlinedphrase"takesato11"probablymeans”

A.wasteswater

B.takesalotoftime

Cusesenergy

D.hasabadeffect

2.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatintheUS,

Apesticidesincottonfarmingcostover4billiondollarseveryyear

B.CO2emissionsoflandtransportamountto1.15poundspermile

Cabout15%oftheclothesandshoesaremadeofmaterialsthatarerecycled

D.about16.000gallonsofwaterisusedannuallybyanaveragefamilyonlaundry

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

ATheproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.

B.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.

CCottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.

D.Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?

AToencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.

B.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.

C.Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.

D.Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing

(B)

WhydoyougototheLibrary?Forbooks,yes-butyoulikebooksbecausetheytellstories.

Youhopetogetlostinastoryorbetransportedintosomeoneelse*slife.Atonetypeoflibrary,

youcandojustthat-eventhoughthere's:notasinglebook

AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow"people.Individualsvolunteeras

human"books"andparticipantsintheeventcan“read"thebook-meaningtheywouldhavea

one-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividuafs

experience.nBooks,'arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination（歧

視）basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age.lifestylechoices,disabilityandother

aspectsoftheirlife.

Foracertainamountoftime,youcanaskthemquestionsandlistentotheirstories,whichare

asfascinatingandasattractiveasanyyoucanfindinabookManyofthestorieshavetodowith

somekindofstereotype.Youcanspeakwitharefugee（難民），asoldiersufferingfromPTISD,a

homelesspersonorawomanlivingwithHIV.TheHumanLibraryencouragespeopletochallenge

theirownlong-heldbeliefs-totrulygettoknow,andlearnfromsomeonetheymightotherwise

makeaquickjudgmentabout.

Accordingtoiswebsite,theHumanLibraryisnaplacewheredifficultquestionsareexpected,

appreciatedandanswered.'*Itprovidestheopportunityforthemunitytoshareandunderstandthe

experiencesofothersintheirmunity.

TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.Ronni

Abergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayeventduringamajorNothem

Europeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthis

event,AbergelfoundedtheHunanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince

Throughthereareafewpermanenthumanlibraries,mostaren'tplacesatall,butevents.

Thoughmanydotakeplaceatphysicallibraries,youdon'tneedalibrarycard-anyonecaneand

bepartoftheexperience.Therehavebeenhumanlibraryeventsallovertheglobe,inuniversities

andinpubs,fromChicagotoTunistoEdinburghtoSanAntonio.

Thestoriesthese"books"tellrangefromfascinatingtoheartbreakingandeverythingin

between.Andthat'stheverypointoftheorganization-toprovethatnopersoncanbesummedup

injustoneword.Itseekstoshowpeoplethatyoutrulycan*tjudgeabookbyitscover-orbyis

titleorlabel.

1.The"books"inhumanlibraries,

A.longheldbeliefsattractingindividuals

B.inspiringstoriesmotivatingpeopleintrouble

C.eventsinwhichpeoplecantalktovolunteers

D.unfairly-treatedpeoplesharingtheirexperiences

2.TheeventinCopenhagenissignificantbecauseit,

Aaimedtohelptheyoungsufferingfromviolence

B.attemptedtoreplacetraditionalphysicallibraries

ClaidafoundationfortheHumanLibraryOrganization

D.ledtoapleasingdevelopmentforthemunitywithracism

3.Inhumanlibraries,thereadersarelikelyto.

A.deepentheirunderstandingofpeople

B.enrichtheirownpersonalexperiences

Chearthestoriesfromallovertheworld

D.makequickjudgmentsaboutthe"books'1

4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto,

Apareandevaluate

B.informandexplain

Cdiscussandpersuade

D.analyzeandsuggest

(C)

InsomeislandsnorthofScotland,headlice,whichliveonthehairorskinofpeopleor

animals,wereapartoflife.Ifthelicelefttheirhost,hebecamesickandfeverish.Therefor,sick

peoplehadliceputintheirhairintentionally.Therewasamethodtotheirmadness:Assoonasthe

licehadsettledinagain,thepatientimproved.Thestoryexplainstheconfusionofcauseandeffect.

Iftheliceleavethesick,itisbecausehehasafeverandtheysimplygethotfeet.Whenthefever

breaks,theyreturn.Wemaylaughatthisstory,butfalsecausalitymisleadsuspracticallyevery

day.

Considertheheadline:uFactWomenwhoUseShampooXYZEveryDayHaveStronger

Hair.'1Thisstatementsaysverylittle-leastofall,thattheshampoomakesyourhairstronger.It

mightsimplybetheotherwayround:WomenwithstronghairtendtouseShampooXYZ-and

perhapsthat'sbecauseitsaysespeciallyforthickhair“onthebottle.

AfurtherexampleScientistsfoundthatlongperiodsinthehospitaldidharmtopatients.This

wasmusictohealthinsurers*ears,who,ofcourse,arekeentomakestaysasbriefaspossible.But,

clearly,patientswhoaredismissedimmediatelyarehealthierthanthosewhomuststayonfbr

treatment.

RecentlyIreadthatstudentsgetbettergradesatschooliftheirhomescontainalotofbooks.

Thisstudywassurelyasholinthearmforbooksellers,butitisalsoanexampleoffalsecausality.

Thissimpletruthisthateducatedparentstendtovaluetheirchildren*seducationmorethan

uneducatedonesdo.Plus,educatedparentsoftenhavemorebooksathome.Inshort,adiscovered

copyofWarandPeacealoneisn'tgoingtoinfluenceanyone'sgrades;whatcountsisparents'

educationlevels,aswellastheirgenes.

Anotherexampleoffalsecausalitywasthesupposedrelationshipbetweenthebirthrateand

thenumbersofstork（鶴）pairsinGermany:Bothwereindecline,andifyouplotthemonagraph,

thetwolinesofdevelopmentfrom1965to1987appearedalmostthesameDoesthismeanthe

storkactuallydoesbringbabies?Obviouslynot,sincethiswasapurelyaccidentalconnection

Inconclusion:Connectionisnotcausality.Takeacloserlookatlinkedevents:Sometimes

whatispresentedasthecauseturnsouttobetheeffect,orjusttheotherwayaround.And

sometimesthereisnolinkatall-justlikewiththestorksandbabies.

1.Whichisanexampleoffalsecausality?

AWomenwithstronghairtendtouseacertainshampoo.

B.Birthrateandthestorkpopulationareconnected.

CLongerperiodsinthehospitalbenefitpatients.

D.Licecanmakeapersonsickandfeverish.

2.Theunderlinedphrase"ashotinthearm“inParagraph4means

ApainB.defeatCguidanceD.encouragement

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studentsgetbettergradesprobablybecause

Atheirhomesarefullofbooks

B.theyhavereadWarandPeace

Ctheireducatedparentsvalueeducation

D.theirparentsaresuccessfulbooksellers

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat

A.connectionsarepureaccidents.

B.causeandeffectareinterdependent

Cconnectionsaremostlycauseandeffect

D.linkedeventsmayturnouttobeunrelated

(D)

IgNobelPrize

Havingamealisaneasyanddelightfulprocessformostpeople.However,forawoodpecker

(啄木鳥|S),it'snotthatsimple.Togetdinner,awoodpeckerhastohitisheadagainstatee

numeroustimesperday.Yet,amazingly,itneversuffersanyilleffectslikebraindamage.

Accordingtoresearch,itisthewoodpecker'sthickheadbonesthatprotectitfromtheimpactof

theblows.Forexplainingthat,IvanSchwabwonanIgNobelPrize

IgNobelPrizesareorganizedbyTheAnnalsofImprobableResearch,anAmericanmagazine

thatcelebratesthefunnysideofscience.Eachyear,tenwinnersareawardedprizesinhonorof

their"achievementsthatfistmakepeoplelaugh,andthenmakethemthink".Mostofthe

award-winningresearch,likeSchwab's,mayseemunusual,butitusuallygrabspeople'sattention

indeed.Andnomatterhowridicloustheresearchsounds,peoplecanfinditinspiringandamusing

BrainWansinK*sresearchmightinterestyouHetookhomeanIgNobelPrizeforlookinginto

theinfluenceofvisualfactorsonpeople'sappetites.Heusedspeciallydesignedbowlsthatrefilled

themselveswithsoupwhilepeoplewereeatingSincethesepeoplehardnoideathiswas

happeningtheyjustkepteatingfromthese"bottomlessbows*'.Theysaidtheydidn'tfeelfull

becausetheirbowlswerenotemptyyet.Peopleinthisexperimentate73percentmoresoupthan

normal.Owingtotheseresults,Wansinkconcludedthati'snotpeople'sstomachsthatdecidewhen

theyhaveeatenenough,buttheireyes.

IgNobelPrizesalsogiveattentiontoscienceandtechnologythatisapartofourdailylives.

Takethekaraokemachineforexample.ItinventorDaisukeInowewasemployedatanightclub,

playingthepianoforthecustomerswhowantedtosingHewasn'tskillfulenoughtoplayallthe

songsproperly.Toclearuptheproblem,hecreatedthekaraokemachine.ToInoue*ssurprise,the

machinecausedconsiderablechangesinentertainmentworldwide.TheIgNobelPrizewas

awardedtoInouenotonlybecausehisinventionwasentertaining,butalsobecauseitbrought

about“anentirelynewwayfbrpeopletolearntotolerateeachother',.

TheseresearchresultsofIgNobelPrizesmaynotbeasgreatasEdisor'slightbulbor

Newton'slawsofmotion.However,theydoshowpeople'swillingnesstotakeactionandtotry

newwaystosolveproblems.AccordingtoMarcAbrahans,afounderofthegNobelPrizes,“If

youwinone,itmeansthatyouhavedonesomething.1'

1.WhydidIvanSchwabwinanIgNobelPrize?

A.Hisdiscoverycanbeappliedindailylife.

B.Hisresearchresultbenefitstheenvironment.

C.Heinventedanewwaytoavoidtheimpactofblows.

D.Hefoundwhywoodpeckerscouldbefreefrombraindamage

2.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?

AWhyIgNobelPrizescangetpeople'strust.

B.Whypeople'seyesdecidetheirstomachs.

CWhyWansinkwonanIgNobelPrize

D.Whyvisualresearchinterestspeople

3.ThegNobelPrizeawardedtoDaisukeInouesuggests.

A.IgNobelPrize'sinventionscaneasilybeepopular

B.IgNobelPrizewinnersarefamiliarwithentertainment

CmostEgNobelPrize'sinventionsarecreatedbyaccident

D.IgNobelPrizesmaygotoinventionswithglobalinfluence

4.WhatdotheresearchresultsofIgNobelprizeshaveinmon?

A.Theyarerelatedtoeverydaylife.

B.Theysolveproblemsinpeople'swork

C.Theyseemunexpectedbutmeaningful.

D.Theyareridiculousandhardtounderstand.

(E)

Mostkidslovebreaks,butforHannahKristan,abreakwasherleastfavoritepartofthe

schoolday."Inevergottodoanythingexceptsitthere,"sherecalls.

Hannahwasbornwithadiseasethatkeptthebonesinherbackfromformingproperly.She

usesawheelchair.Sadly,forkidslikeher,mostplaygroundequipmentisofflimits.Infact,

Harnahisoneofthe5millionkidsintheUnitedSlateswhocannotusetraditionalplayground

equipmentbecauseofsometypeofdisability.

ThenHannahheardaboutBoundlessPlayground-playgroundswithlimitsforchildrenwith

disabilities.ThewonderfulgroupbehindBoundlessPlaygroundhelpsmunitiescreatespecial

playgroundsforchildrenofallabilities.Thereareswingsandsandboxesspeciallydesignedfor

kidswithphysicaldisabilities.Kidswithvisionproblemscanenjoythemovementofswingsand

alsousemusicalactivitiessuchaschimewalls.SinceherhometownInConnecticuthadnothing

likeit,Hannahhelpedraisemoneyforthisnewkindofplayground.

TheinspirationforBoundlessPlaygroundswasaplaygroundcreatedbyAmyJaffeBarzach.

ItisnamedJonathan'sDreaminhonorofherson.Jonathan'sDeamandmanyBoundless

Playgroundsaroundthecountryhaveagliderswingthatcanbeusedbykidswhousewheelchairs

andtheirfriends.ThegliderswingatJorathan'sDreamwasdesignedbyMatthewCavedon,who

wasn1teven10yearsoldatthetime.Mathewwasmotivatedbecauseheusedawheelchair

himselfandwantedtobeabletohavefunatplaygroundswithotherkids,regardlessoftheir

physicalabilitiesordisabilities.

ThebasicideabehindBoundlessPlaygroundsisthatplayisbothpartofthejoyofchildhood

andanimportantwayforchildrentolearnabouttheworld.Kidswhoarekeptawayfromplay

groundsaredeniedthisenjoymentaswellasthelearning.Farfrombeingaplaceofhappy

excitement,traditionalplaygroundsareoftenplacesofseparationandlonelinessforthosewho

can11jointhefun.

Contrarytosomestrictideasaboutwhataplaygroundforchildrenwithspecialneedsshould

belike,aBoundlessPlaygroundiseverybitascolorfulandchallengingasatraditional

playground.Thar'swhyitisinwitingandfunforallchildren.AndforHarmah,Matthew,and

otherkidslikethem,aplaygroundlikethisisalsoadreamthatestrue.

1.WhatdidHannahKristando?

AShedesignedBoundlessPlaygrounds.

B.Sheinventedaswingforthedisabled.

CShecollectedmoneyfortheplayground.

D.Shedonatedequipmenttoherhometown.

2.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatBoundlessPlaygrounds

Aprovidetraininginstructionsforthedisabled

B.borrowedtheideafromJonathan'sDream

CwereinventedbyAmyJaffeBarzach

D.arefinancedbymunities

3.WhatisHannaandMatthew'sdream?

ATooveretheirdisabilities.

B.Toreceivespecialphysicaltraining.

CTogetequalchancesofplayingandlearning

D.Toacquireunderstandingfromtheirfollowstudents.

(F)

PeerPressure

Peoplewhoareatyourage.likeyourclassmates,arecalledpeers.Whentheyinfluenceyou

onyourdecisionoraction,ifscalledpeerpressure.Allofus,atsomepointinourlives,havehad

todealwithpeerpressure.Theneedtofollowthecrowdanddowhatmajorityofusaredoing

forcesustotakeupactivitieswhichwewouldn'totherwise.

Recentstudieshaveshownthatpeerpressuremightcausenupsidetoyou.Itcanmakeyou

reflectonyouractionsandmakechangestoyourwaystobeeabetterone.Observingothers

workinghardtoreachtheirgoalswilldefinitelyencourageyoutomakeagreatefforttoachieve

somethingpositive.Whenateenknowsthathisteammatesarepracticinghardtobeebetter

playersthenitwilldirectlyaffecthisownperformance.Hewillputintwicethetimeandenergy

toraisethelevelofhisgameandensurehehasaplaceontheteam.

Havingagroupthatbringspositivepeerpressurecanalsohelpyoupickunhealthyhabitsthat

canshapebothyourpersonalityandyourfuture.Themotivationtodowellbecauseofpressure

fromyourpeerscanactuallybeeinspiration.Forexamplewhenachildknowsthatsomeofhis

friendsregularlyreadstorybooks,hemaygetintothehabitofreadingSeeingthathisfriends

exercisedaily,evenhemaytakeupthehabitandadoptitinlife.

Justassomeinfluencescanbepositive,somecanbenegativetoo.Peerpressuresometimes

canmakeadipinyourself-confidence.Somekidsgiveintopeerpressurebecausetheywantto

beliked,orbecausetheyworrythatothersmightmakefunofthemiftheydon'tgoalongwiththe

group.Othersgoalongbecausetheyarecurioustotrysomethingnew.Theideathat"everyone's

doingit"caninfluencethemtoleavetheirbetterjudgmentbehind.Besides,peerpressurecan

distanceyoufromyourfamilyandfriends.Itismonforteenagerstothinkthatnobody

understandsthemandthatthewholeworldisagainstthem.Theinfluenceofpeerpressureissuch

thatitdrawsthempletelyawayfromtheirfamilyandfriendswhomeanwell.Theyjustshut

themselvesoffandfallintobadpany.

It'slikelythatyou'veexperiencedtheeffectofpeerpressureindifferentareasrangingfrom

theclothesyouweartothemusicyoulistento.Sometimesitcanbehardtoresistandyoumay

feelforcedtodosomethingyou'reunfbrtablewith.Sobeingawareofandcarefullychoosingthe

influenceofpeersthatwillleadtohealthyandhappyexperiencesisalifelongprocess.

1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymean?

AAquickreaction.

B.Apositiveeffect.

CAseriouschallenge.

D.Apotentialconflict.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,peerpressurecangetteenagersto.

Abeelessself-confident

B.provideamodelforteammates

Cidentifycharacteristicsofdifferenthabits

D.improverelationshipwithfamilymembers

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpeerpressure?

A.Itmakesnodifferencetoteen'sjudgment.

B.Itinfluencesteenstofitintovariouslifestyles.

CIthelpsteenstorelivetheunfbrtablefeeling,

D.Itseemslikeamonphenomenonamongteens.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

I:IntroductionP:PointSP:Subpoint（次要點）C:Conclusion

（G）

Nostudentofaforeignlanguageneedstobetoldthatgrammarisplex.Bychangingtheorder

ofthewordsandbyaddingarangeofauxiliaryverbs（助動詢）andsuffixes（后圾）。wecanturna

statementintoaquestion,statewhetheranactionhastakenplaceorissoontotalkplace,and

performmanyotherwordtrickstoconveydifferentmeanings.However,thequestionwhichmany

languageexpertscan'tunderstandandexplainis-whocreatedgrammar?

SomerecentlanguagesevolvedduetotheAtlanticslavetradeSincethesavesdidn'tknow

eachotherslangupstheydevelopedamake-shiftlanguagecalledapidgin.Pidginsarestringsof

wordscopiedfromthelanguageofthelandowners.Theyhavelittleinthewayofgrammar,and

speakersneedstousetoomanywordstomaketheirmeaningunderstood.Interestingly,however,

allittakesforapidgintobeeaplexlanguageisforagroupofchildrentobeexposedtoitatthe

timewhentheylearntheirmothertongueSlavechildrendidn'tsimplycopythestringsofwords

usedbytheirelders.Theyadaptedtheirwordstocreateanexpressivelanguage.Inthiswayplex

grammarsystemswhichefrompidginswereinvented.

FurtherevidencecanbeseeninstudyingsignlanguagesforthedeafSignlanguagesarenot

simplyagroupofgestures;theyusthesamegrammaticalmachinerythatisfoundinspoken

languages.ThecreationofonesuchlanguagewasdocumentedquiterecentlyinNicaragu.

Previously,althoughdeafchildrenweretaughtspeechandlipreadingintheclassroomsinthe

playgroundstheybegantoinventtheirownsignsystem,usingthegesturestheyusedathomeIt

wasbasicallyapidginandtherewasconsistentgrammar.However,anewsystemwasbornwhen

childrenwhojoinedtheschoollaterdevelopedaquitedifferentsignlanguageItwasbasedonthe

signsoftheolderchildren,butitwasshorterandeasiertounderstand,andithadalargerangeof

specialuseofgrammartoclarifythemeaning,What'smore,theyallusedthesignsinthesame

way.Sotheoriginalpidginwasgreatlyimproved.

MostexpertsbelievethatmanyofthelanguageswerepidginsatfirstTheywereinitiallyused

indifferentgroupsofpeoplewithoutstandardizationandgraduallyevolvedintoawidelyaccepted

systemTheEnglishpasttense-"ed”ending=mayhaveevolvedfromtheverb"do”uItended

mayoncehavebeen"Itenddid*.Itsensthatchildrenhavegrammaticalmachineryintheirbrains

Theirmindscanservetocreatelogicalandplexstructures,evenwhenthereisnogrammarpresent

forthemtocopy.

1.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheslave'spidginlanguage?

AItwasdifficulttounderstand.

BItcamefromdifferentlanguages.

CItwascreatedbythelandowners.

D.Itcontainedhighlyplexgrammar.

2.WhatisthecharacteristicofthenewNicaraguansignlanguage?

ANoconsistentsignswereusedformunication.

BMostofthegesturesweremadeforeverydayactivities.

CThehandmovementsweresmootherandmoreattractive

D.Themeaningwasclearerthantheprevioussignlanguage

3.Whichideadoestheauthorpresentinthelastparagraph?

AEnglishgrammarofpasttensesystemisinaccurate.

BChildrensayEnglishpattensedifferentlyfromadults

CThethoughtthatEnglishwasonceapidginisacceptable

D.ExpertshaveproventhatEnglishwascreatedbychildren

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

ATheCreatorsofGrammar

BTheHistoryofLanguages

CWhyPidginsCameintobeing

D.HowGrammarSystemAreUsed

(H)

ApetitiveSport

Overtheyeas,cheerleadinghastakentwoprimaryformsgame-timecheerleadinganpetitive

cheerleading,Gametimecheeleader*maingoalistoentertainthecrowdandleadthemwithteam

cheerswhichshouldnotbeconsideredasport.However,petitivecheerleadingismorethanaform

ofentertainment.Itisreallyapetitivesport.

petitivecheerleadingincludeslotsofphysicalactivity.Themajorityoftheteamsrequirea

certainleveloftumbling(翻騰運動)ability.It*saverymonthingforgymnasts,soit'seasyfor

themtogointopetitivecheerleadingUsuallythesecheerleadersintegratebotsoftheirgymnastics

experienceincludingtheirjumps,tumblingandoverallenergy.Theyalsoperformliftsandthrows.

Thisiswherethe''fliers"arethrownintheair,heldby“bases"indifferentpositionsthatrequire

strengthandworkingwithotherteammates

petitivecheerleadingsalsoanactivitythatisgovernedbyrulesunderwhichawinnercanbe

declaredItisawardedpaintsfbrtechnique,creativityandsharpness.Usuallythemoredifficultthe

actionis,thebetterthescoreis,Thar'swhycheerleadersaretryingtoexperiencegreatdifficulty

intheirperformance.

Besides,thereisalsoastrictruleoftime.Thewholeperformancehastobepletedinlessthan

threeminutesandfifteenseconds,duringwhichthecheerleadersarerequiredtostaywithina

certainarea.Amyperformancebeyondthelimitoftimeisinvalid.

Anotherreasonforthefactthatpetitivecheerleadingisoneofthehardestsportsisthatithas

morereportedinjuries.Accordingtosomeresearch,petitivecheerleadingisthenumberonecause

ofserioussportsinjuriestowomenEmergencyroomvisitsforitarefivetimesthenumberthan

foranyothersport,partiallybecausecheerleadersdon'tuseprotectiveequipmentSmiling

cheerleadersarethrown