Unit 3 Section A（學生版）八年級英語上冊講義（人教版）

Unit3SectionA目標導航目標導航單詞outgoingadj.愛交際的；友好的；外向的fantasticadj.極好的；了不起的betteradj.&adv.(good和well的比較級）較好的（地）；更好的（地）bothadj.&pron.兩個；兩個都whichpron.&adj.哪一個；哪一些loudlyadv.喧鬧地；大聲地；響亮地clearlyadv.清楚地；清晰地；明白地quietlyadv.輕聲地；輕柔地；安靜地winv.獲勝；贏；贏得hardworkingadj.工作努力的；辛勤的thoughadv.不過；可是；然而conj.雖然；盡管；不過petitionn.比賽；競賽；競爭短語both...and......···和······都havefun玩得愉快singingpetition歌唱比賽careabout關心；在意playthedrums打鼓用法歸納3.as+形容詞或副詞的原級＋as與······一樣······句子1.AndshealsosingsmoreloudlythanTara.并且她也比塔拉唱得更大聲。2.Oh,whichonewasLisa?哦，哪一個是莉薩？3.Areyouasfriendlyasyoursister?你和你妹妹一樣友好嗎？知識精講知識精講知識點01outgoingadj.愛交際的；友好的；外向的教材原句I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.用法outgoing用來描述人的性格，可作表語或定語，其比較級是moreoutgoing.Sheisanoutgoinggirlandshelikesoutdooractivities.她是個外向的女孩，而且她喜歡戶外活動。outgoing的反義詞是quiet或shy,意思是“安靜的；內向的、靦腆的”?！炯磳W即練1】Inmyclass,somegirlsarethansomeboys.B.mostoutgoingC.moreoutgoingD.themoreoutgoing解析：用“語法分析法”。由句中的“than”可知，空格處應用形容詞的比較級，并且比較級的前面一般不使用定冠詞the.由后半句可知，故選C.知識點02both...and...的用法教材原句BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums,butSamplaysthembetterthanTom.薩姆和湯姆都會敲鼓，但薩姆敲得比湯姆更好一些。（P17)用法both...and...意為“······和······兩者都······”，在句中連接兩個并列成分（主語、謂語、賓語等）。連接兩個并列成分做主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。BothKateandIarereadyforthenewschoollife.凱特和我都為新的學校生活做好了準備。（連接兩個主語）中考重要考點中考與both...and...同時考查的短語：either...or...或者······或者·····;neither...nor...既不······也不······;notonly...but(also)...不但······而且······.后面的三個短語謂語動詞都有就近原則的情況。EitheryouorIamgoingtheretomorrow.明天要么你去那兒，要么我去。注意both與介詞of連用做主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Bothofthemaremyclassmates.他們兩個都是我的同學。要點辨析both,allboth用于兩者，指兩者都all用于三者或三者以上的全部【即學即練2】ThetwobooksareaboutEnglish.Youcanchooseofthemtoread.A.all;bothB.all;eitherC.both;eitherD.both;neither解析：both表示“兩者都”；either表示“兩者中任一”；neither表示“兩者都不”。前空根據(jù)“Thetwobooks”可知用both,表示“兩者都”；后空根據(jù)句意可知需要表達“你可以選擇（兩本書中）任何一本去閱讀”。【即學即練3】BothSandyandMillieinterestedincooking.Theyoftenlearntocookatweekends.解析：考查主謂一致。both...and連接并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。beinterestedindoingsth.“對做某事感興趣”。知識點03betteradj.&adv.較好的（地）；更好的（地）教材原句BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums,butSamplaysthembetterthanTom.薩姆和湯姆都會敲鼓，但薩姆敲得比湯姆更好一些。（P17)1.better在此處是副詞，是well的比較級。e.g.HeplayschessbetterthanI.他下棋比我下得好。2.better還可以作形容詞，此時是good的比較級。e.g.Anearneighborisbetterthanabrotherfaroff.遠親不如近鄰。【諺語】【即學即練4】－Whoisthegirldancingonthestage?－Oh,she'smyfriendMaria.Shedancesthanbefore.B.muchbetterD.thebest答案：B知識點04反意疑問句的用法（高頻考點）教材原句That'sTara,isn'tit?那是塔拉，對嗎？（P17)用法本句是反意疑問句，結構：肯定陳述句，附加疑問用否定式；否定陳述句，附加疑問用肯定式。It'sreallyinteresting,isn'tit?那里真的很有趣，不是嗎？Theywon'tmovetoourtownnextmonth,willthey?下個月他們不會搬到我們鎮(zhèn)來，是嗎？拓展反意疑問句的回答應根據(jù)事實來答：Yes,十肯定；No,十否定。No的翻譯根據(jù)語境確定。－Youarenotengineers,areyou?你們不是工程師，對嗎？－Yes,weare.不，我們是。／No,wearen't.是的，我們不是。注意在反意疑問句中，陳述部分有few,little,no,nothing,nobody,neverseldom,hardly等表示否定意義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定形式。Hehasfewfriendsinhisnewschool,doeshe?他在新學校里幾乎沒有朋友，不是嗎？【即學即練5】－Itisrudetoaskdirectquestions,？－Yes,butIthinkit'sOKtoyourclosefriends.A.isn'titB.doesn'titC.doesit解析考查反意疑問句。根據(jù)反意疑問句的結構：“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”句用Itis...,附加疑問用isn'tit,故選A.知識點05loudlyadv.喧鬧地；大聲地；響亮地用法loudly由“l(fā)oud(adj喧鬧的；響亮的；大聲的）－ly(副詞后綴）”構成。其比較級是moreloudly.loud既可以作形容詞，也可以作副詞，作副詞時和loudly同義，但loudly更強調“吵鬧”的意思。Don'tspeakloudlyinthelibrary.在圖書館里不要大聲說話。Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.說到不如做到?！炯磳W即練6】It'simpoliteforeachofustospeak1inpublicplaces.答案（l）oudly知識點06hardworkingadj.工作努力的；辛勤的Thehardworkinggirlworkshard,andbecauseofherhardwork,shegetsgoodgradeseverytime.這個勤奮的女孩學習努力，由于她很用功，每次（考試）她都取得好成績?！炯磳W即練7】Asuccessfulpersonmustbeonewhoiscarefuland（工作努力的）。答案：hardworking辨析：hardworking形容詞，意為“工作努力的；辛勤的”。workhard動詞短語，意為“努力學習；努力工作”，hard是副詞，意為“努力地”，修飾動詞work.hardwork名詞短語，意為“辛苦的工作”，hard是形容詞，意為“困難的；辛苦的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞work.知識點07as...as...的用法（高頻考點）教材原句TaraworksashardasTina.塔拉和蒂娜學習一樣努力。（P18)用法as...as...表示“與······一樣······”，用于兩者的同級比較。as和as中間應接形容詞／副詞的原級，不能用比較級。IthinkEnglishisasimportantasmath.我認為英語與數(shù)學一樣重要。TomisastallasTim.湯姆和蒂姆一樣高。拓展as...as...的否定結構是notas/so...as...,意為“不如······;比不上······”。A...notas/so...asB可轉化為“B...比較級＋thanA”的結構。Heisnotas/sotallashisfather.＝Hisfatheristallerthanhim.他爸爸比他個子高。中考重要考點as...as...結構的短語：（1)aswellas意為“與······一樣好”，還表示“不但······而且；而且；還；和”。TomaswellashisparentsisgoingtoLondon.湯姆和他的父母要去倫敦。（aswellas連接兩個成分做主語時，謂語的單復數(shù)與前面一個主語保持一致）（2)aslongas意為“與·····一樣長”，還表示“只要”，引導條件狀語從句。Aslongasitdoesn'train,wecango.只要不下雨，我們就可以去?！炯磳W即練8】Guilinisn'tasasBeijing.解析考查形容詞的比較等級。as...as中間用形容詞原級，意為“與······一樣”，故選A.知識點08which的用法教材原句.Oh,whichonewasLisa?哦，哪個是莉莎？（P18)用法which是常見的特殊疑問詞，意為“哪一個；哪一些”。Whichisyourfavoritesubject?你最喜歡哪個科目？Whichwayisquicker,bybusorbytrain?哪種方式更快，坐公共汽車還是坐火車？難點突破which除了可以做疑問代詞之外，還可以做關系代詞，用來引導定語從句，指物，在定語從句中可以做主語，還可以做賓語。Iwanttobuyabookwhichisaboutwildanimals.我想買一本關于野生動物的書。（指物，做主語）Canyouseethebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme?你看到我爸爸給我買的那輛自行車了嗎？（指物，做賓語）【即學即練9】I'llneverforgettheplacewevisitedtogetherlastyear.解析考查定語從句。句意：我永遠不會忘記我們去年一起去過的那個地方。which哪一個；what什么；who誰；whom誰。該句為定語從句，且從句中缺賓語，先行詞place指物，應用關系代詞which,故選A.知識點09one的用法（高頻考點）教材原句Theonewithshorterhair.頭發(fā)較短的那一位。（P18)用法此句中one指前面提到的人或物。one的復數(shù)形式ones替代復數(shù)名詞。Ilostmypen.Imustbuyone.我丟了鋼筆。我必須買一支。Ihaveanewcoatandseveraloldones.我有一件新外套和幾件舊的。辨析one,it,thatone代指前文提到過的同類泛指事物中的一個，復數(shù)用ones.it特指代替剛提到過的事物。that用于比較級的替代，若前一個比較項是不可數(shù)名詞，則后一個比較項可為替代詞that.復數(shù)替代詞用those.YourmobilephoneisquiteniceWheredidyoubuyit?Iwanttobuyonetoo.你的很不錯。你在哪里買的我也想買一部。TheweatherinShenyangiscolderthanthatinNanjinginwinter.沈陽冬天的天氣比南京冷?！炯磳W即練10】－Look,Bettyhasanewmobileniceitis!－Yes.Hermotherboughtforherprogress.解析考查代詞辨析。句意為“看，貝蒂有了一部新－HuaweiMate40Pro.多漂亮啊！”“是的。她媽媽因她的進步而買的?！薄t特指剛提到過的事物；one泛指同類事物中的一個；this這個。本句中用it指買的那部，故選A.知識點10with的用法（高頻考點）教材原句Theonewithshorterhair.頭發(fā)較短的那一位。（P18)句子結構分析本句中的withshorterhair是with的介詞短語做后置定語，修飾代詞one,此時with意為“帶有；具有；擁有”。拓展with表示事物的附屬部分或所具有的性質，如“帶有······料的；加·····的茶水；····餡的包子、水餃等。Hedoesn'tliketeawithsugar.他不喜歡加糖的茶水。中考重要考點當主語后有with,togetherwith/alongwith時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。Theboy(together)withhisparentsoftengoestoamuseum.這個男孩和他的父母經(jīng)常一起去博物館?！炯磳W即練11】－Whatwouldyouliketodrink,Joe?－I'dlikeacupofcoffeemilk,，please.Ilikethetaste.解析考查介詞辨析。句意為“Joe,你想喝什么？”“我想喝一杯帶有牛奶的咖啡。我喜歡這種味道?！?。with意為“帶有······料的”，故選B.·知識點11win的用法教材原句YoucantellthatLisareallywantedtowin,though.不過你能看出來莉薩確實想贏。（P18)用法win做動詞，意為“獲勝；贏；贏得”，可以做及物動詞，也可以做不及物動詞。它的過去式和過去分詞是won.Whichteamwonthegame?哪個隊贏得了比賽？Sheissuresheisabletowin.她確信她能贏。辨析win,beatwin“贏，獲得”，后接（比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、辯論、獎品、錢等）事或物beat“打敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，后接（比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、辯論對手）人或集體Shewonthefirstplaceinthepetition.她在比賽中獲得了第一名。Ifeltalittledisappointedbecausehebeatmeatchess.我覺得有點兒失望，因為他下國際象棋贏了我。一言辨異MaLongwonthegoldmedalbybeatingotherplayersinthe2020ITTFFINALS.馬龍在2020年國際乒聯(lián)總決賽中擊敗其他選手，獲得了金牌。beatsb.（比賽中）贏了某人winthematch（inthematch)贏了比賽能力拓展能力拓展考法01though的用法（高頻考點）教材原句YoucantellthatLisareallywantedtowin,though.不過你能看出來莉薩確實想贏。（P18)用法though在此處是副詞，意為“然而；可是；不過”，用在句末起補充說明的作用。Thesweaterisverybeautiful.Idon'tlikeitscolor,though.這件毛衣很漂亮?？墒俏也幌矚g它的顏色。固定搭配eventhough即使，盡管；asthough好像，仿佛。拓展though還可做連詞，意為“雖然；盡管”，相當于although,引導讓步狀語從句。Though/Althoughit'sverycold,it'ssunny.盡管天氣很冷，但是很晴朗。注意Though/although做連詞時，不能與but連用，即在同一個句子中，只能出現(xiàn)though/although或but,但不能同時出現(xiàn)。盡管我們輸了比賽，但是我們仍然很開心。（正）Though/Althoughwelostthegame,wewerestillhappy.（誤）Though/Althoughwelostthegame,butwewerestillhappy.【典例1】Theteacherstillspokeveryloudlyhehadasorethroat.A.sothatB.assoonasC.aslongasD.eventhough解析考查連詞詞組辨析。句意：盡管喉嚨痛，但這位老師仍然大聲說話。sothat為了；assoonas一······就······;aslongas只要；eventhough盡管。結合句意，故選D.分層提分分層提分題組A基礎過關練一、單項選擇1．________Ericwasingreattrouble,hedidn’tshowanyfear.A．Because B．Since C．Though D．Whether2．—LinDanwonthebadmintongameagain.—Yes,Ithinknoonecando________thanhim.A．less B．better C．best D．worse3．—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere?—Yes.Itis________towalkalongtheriver.A．fantastic B．boring C．bad D．terrible4．—Rita________firstprizeinthegameinthemorningthoughshehurtherlegyesterday.—Whatabrave(勇敢的)girl!A．joined B．beat C．won D．took5．Bethdidn’tpassherEnglishexam,butshewantedtoliveas________asbefore.A．happily B．happy C．happiness D．happier6．—Couldyoutellme________sheislookingfor?—Hercousin,Susan.A．that B．whose C．who D．which7．Weweretalkingloudlyintheclassroom.Theteacheraskedustokeep_________.A．noisy B．noisily C．quiet D．quietly8．—Peterisvery________.—ButJohnis________thanhim.A．outgoing;outgoing B．outgoing;moreoutgoing C．moreoutgoing;outgoing9．________youwork,________yourEnglishwillbe.A．Themore;better B．Theharder;thebetterC．Harder;betterD．Thehardest;thebest10．—Whocantakepartinourschoolsingingpetition?—________Lucy________LilyareOK.They’regoodatsinging.A．Either;or B．Neither;nor C．Notonly;butalso D．Both;and二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1．Ifyouhavetime,youmayhelpme_______(clearly)thesnowinfrontofthehouse.2．It’sbadmannerstotalk_________(loud)inpublic.3．Doyouthinkyouare__________________(outgoing)thanyourfather?4．Be________________(quietly)!Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.5．Whoismuchmore________________(hardworking),JackorJohn?6．TheShanghaiJing’anteam________________(win)themen’sU18soccergoldmedalinthefirstNationalYouthGamesonAugust26,2015.7．IthinkLindadances________________(well)thanKate.8．Ericlooksalittle________________(fat)thanhisbrother.9．MybestfriendCaroloftenmakesmelaugh.Infact,sheis_________(funny)thananyoneIknow.10．Aftertwomonths’running,Ibee________（thin）thanbefore.三、根據(jù)句意和所給漢語完成句子。每空一詞1．Jackplaystheviolin__________（更好地）thanme.2．__________（雖然）heisveryyoung,heknowsalotaboutscience.3．Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteacher__________（安靜地）.4．Janeisn'tvery__________（外向的）.Shelikestostayathomeanddosomereading.5．─Whatdoyouthinkofthesinging__________（比賽）?─Great！6．Don'tspeak__________（大聲地）.I'mdoingmyhomework.7．Maryisthreeyearsoldandshecanspeak__________（清楚地）.8．Whata__________（極好的）movie！Iwanttoseeitagain.9．__________（哪一個）doyoulikebetter,theredoneorthegreenone?10．Tinaismore__________（辛勤的）thanTom.題組B能力提升練一、完形填空Mybestfriendisoneofmyclassmates.Wehavethe___1___hobby.Webothenjoymusic.Iamgood___2___English,___3___sheisn't.Shehasgreatinterest___4___universitylifeandwantstogotouniversitywhenshe___5___school.Oneday,Ifoundherstudying___6___soIwantedtohelpherwithit.___7___sheclosedthebook.Iasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”“Nothing,”sheanswered___8___.Ididn'tknow___9___sheclosedherbook.“Ijustwantto____10____you,”Isaid.“Pleasedon'tlaughatme.MyEnglishisnotgoodandI'malittle____11____aboutlearningitinfrontofothers.”“____12____laughsatyou.That's____13____youdon'tmakeanyprogressinEnglish.Youshould____14____.Youshoulddoyourbestto____15____Englishwithyourfriends.Youcanalsoaskforhelpfromthem.”1．A．different B．same C．difficult D．necessary2．A．in B．for C．a(chǎn)t D．with3．A．but B．so C．a(chǎn)nd D．though4．A．with B．for C．a(chǎn)t D．in5．A．es B．esover C．leaves D．leavesfor6．A．English B．chemistry C．physics D．history7．A．And B．If C．But D．Though8．A．loudly B．shyly C．friendly D．noisily9．A．when B．why C．how D．what10．A．see B．worry C．mean D．help11．A．wild B．shy C．calm D．a(chǎn)ngry12．A．Someone B．Everyone C．Anyone D．Noone13．A．where B．when C．why D．what14．A．work B．see C．make D．try15．A．study B．show C．teach D．hear二、閱讀理解Doyouhaveafriendforlife?Ihaveone.Myfriendisanoutgoinggirl.HernameisCicy.Shetellsmethat“Cicy”means“alittleprincess”inEnglish.Ithinkshe'sarealprincess.Ithasbeenoversixyearssinceshebecamemybestfriend.AndnowsheisstudyinginHangzhou.Sheisalittlefatterthanme.Sheismuchtallerthanme.Herhairisalittlecurlyandlong.Ithinksheisaprettygirl.Istillrememberthedaywhensheleft.Istoodinfrontofherhouseandsawhertakingherbagtothecar.Icougheduneasily.Cicyturnedtowardmewithasadsmile.“IamleavingforHangzhouintenminutes,”shesaid.“Iknow.”IwasafraidtoseehereyessoIdidnotlookather.Iwassoangryatmyselfforbeingweak.IwantedtocrybutIknewImustbebrave.“Ihopeyoucangetbettergradesduringthefollowingterm.”Afterseeingthesadlookonmyface,shequicklyadded,“I'llbebacksoon.”ItriedtosaysomethingtothankherbutIfoundIcouldn'tsayanything.It'salwaysbettertokeepquietifyou'reabouttocry.“Oh,well…bye.”Mytearsnearlycameout.Sodidhers.Irememberthedayonwhichshecriedsadlyonmyshoulder.IrememberthedayonwhichshetookoffherclotheswhenIfeltcold.Iremembertheday…1．“Cicy”means“________”inEnglishaccordingtowhatCicysaid.A．a(chǎn)lovelygirl B．a(chǎn)king C．a(chǎn)goodfriend D．a(chǎn)littleprincess2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Cicyis“my”neighbor. B．CicyisaprincessfromEngland.C．CicyisinHangzhounow. D．Cicyisalittlethin.3．When“I”feltcold,whatdidCicydo?A．Shecriedsadly. B．Shetookoffherclothes.C．Shesaidnothing. D．Shedidnothing.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Cicy—aLittlePrincess B．AFriendforLifeC．MyFriendLeftMe D．ISaidGoodbyetoMyFriend三、英漢互譯：單詞/短語1．moreoutgoing___________________2．a(chǎn)s…as…________________________3．singbetter______________________4．跑得快________________________5．兩年前_________________________6．工作努力________________________題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練一、單項選擇1．（2021·湖北省直轄縣級單位·中考真題）—Somanybookshere!Haveyoudecided________toreadfirst?—Yes.LittleWomen.A．how B．which C．when D．where2．（2020·廣西賀州·中考真題）—Whocantakepartinourschoolsingingpetition?—________Lucy________LilyareOK.They’regoodatsinging.A．Either;or B．Neither;nor C．Notonly;butalso D．Both;and3．（2020·海南·中考真題）Frankandhisfriendshadgreatfun_________volleyballonthebeachyesterday.A．play B．playing C．toplay4．（2020·湖北咸寧·中考真題）—Doesthedishtasteas___________asitlooks?

—Yes.Ican'twaittoeatit.A．well B．good C．better D．best5．（2020·湖南岳陽·中考真題）Chinaisover5,000yearsold.Ithasamuch__________historythantheUSA．A．long B．longer C．lo