高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法 被動語態(tài)

Trytofindthemistakeineachsentence.

1.Thewordsandexpressionsseldomrepeat.2.Wearegladtoseetheplancarryout.3.Thewordsandexpressionsaredifficulttoberemembered.4.Theideaissoundedreasonable.5.Thebookisworthbeingread.areseldomrepeatedcarriedoutremembersoundsreading2021/5/91高考語法復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)2021/5/92高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.(94N)A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.(98N)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay說明：集郵冊只能被完成，且在before從句中沒有將來時(shí)，故只能選D。說明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的?！焙苊黠@該用被動語態(tài)。DC2021/5/933.Booksofthiskind_____well.(99上海)A.sell B.sells C.aresold D.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willlose說明：sell既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，當(dāng)用作“銷售情況如何”時(shí)，sell為不及物動詞，故沒有被動語態(tài)。類似的詞還有：wash,translate,write等。說明：losejob為“失業(yè)”，job只能被失去，且動作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來。AB2021/5/945.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned說明：從后句可知電影院應(yīng)該正在修建。需要注意的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的動詞形式。說明：bytheendof短語一般都與過去完成時(shí)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)連用。DB2021/5/957.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(2002北京春季)A.killed B.iskilled C.waskilled D.waskilling8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho______forthespoiled（寵壞的）child.(2002上海)A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblame C.istobeblamed D.shouldblame說明：不要被前面使用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)所蒙蔽，在地震中搶救小孩并獻(xiàn)身的動作只能在過去。說明：betoblame是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不能用被動語態(tài)。該句是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。CA2021/5/969.Rainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季)A.cutB.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut說明：該句的意思為“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和燒毀以至于在不久的將來它們就會消失?！睆恼Z境中可以看出應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。況且進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表達(dá)出說話人的一種特殊的情感。說話人是想呼吁人們停止亂砍亂燒雨林，給人們提出的一種警告。C2021/5/97語態(tài)(voice)是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動詞用主動語態(tài)（ActiveVoice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.2021/5/98動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by的賓語。主動句與被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。2021/5/99在被動句中有時(shí)用by-詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則必須使用by詞組。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亞寫的。2021/5/910Changethesesentencesintopassivevoice.

1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．3.LingFeng

cantake

goodcareof

Polly

．4.They

will

finish

theworkintendays.5.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．6．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．7．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight.2021/5/911各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成

一般時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)2）一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)3）一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)4）一般過去將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+will+be+doneS+would+be+doneHeisregardedasagreatwriter.Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.Ididn’texpectthatIwouldbeaskedtospeak.2021/5/912進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：S+was/were+being+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneTheroadisbeingrepaired.Hewasbeinglookedafterbyhissister.2021/5/913完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：2）過去完成時(shí)的的被動語態(tài)S+have/has+been+doneS+had+been+doneShehasn’tbeentoldaboutityet.Iheardshehadalreadybeensenttohospital.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：S+can/may/must/should+be+doneThiscan’tbedoneinshorttime.2021/5/914一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：Mybikewasstolen．何時(shí)使用被動語態(tài)呢？2021/5/915三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時(shí)。例如：Itissaidthatheisagreatwriter.ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測說……Itissupposedthat…2021/5/916四、漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。例如：魏華是由林濤叫來的。WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示禮貌時(shí)。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00p．m．tomorrow．2021/5/917在什么情況下不能使用被動語態(tài)呢？1.表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如：Theshirtfitshimverywell．Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

【正】【誤】2021/5/9182.祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。例如：Lookattheblackboard，please．Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．【正】【誤】2021/5/9193.某些及物動詞的賓語表示處所、地點(diǎn)、組織時(shí)不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如：HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．【正】【誤】2021/5/9204.由“動詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的英語習(xí)語（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改為被動語態(tài)。例如：Theboymakefacesinclass．Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．【正】【誤】

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinNanjinginthepastyears.在過去的幾年，南京發(fā)生了巨大的變化。2021/5/9215.反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如：Youmustlookafteryourself．Yourselfmustbelookedafter.

【正】【誤】2021/5/922若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加“to”。此類動詞為感官動詞和使役動詞:

feel,hear,listento,lookat,observe,see,notice,watch;make,let,have等。(巧記：這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來。）幾種特殊情況：2021/5/923Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.

Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.

-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground2021/5/9242.

表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。

(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.學(xué)校九月開學(xué)。這個地區(qū)的商店周末開門的時(shí)間要比工作日遲。2021/5/925

3.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，通常被看作是一個動詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如：

1）Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.2)Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeen

setupinmyhometown.

3)MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.

4)Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.

3）我的妹妹將由奶奶照顧。4）以前沒聽過這樣的事。2021/5/9264.不用被動語態(tài)的情況

1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：

appear,die,disappear,end(vi.結(jié)束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace…Afterthefire,verylittleremainedinmyhouse.Atlast,mydream

cametrue.大火之后什么也沒留下。最后,我的夢想終于成真了。

2021/5/927比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；

raise,seat是及物動詞。

Thepricehasbeenrisen.

Thepricehasrisen.

Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.

Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

Thepricehasraised.

Thepricehasbeenraised.

Pleaseseat.

Pleasebeseated.

(F)(T)(T)(T)(T)(F)(F)(F)2021/5/9285用謂語動詞主動形式表示被動含義

（1.）動詞(表示主語的屬性特征)+副詞(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主動式表被動義。

(read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,eat,lock...)

這臺機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的很好。Themachinerunsverywell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thebookshelfhardlysells.這只筆很好寫。這個書架幾乎賣不動。2021/5/929

2)表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCThesongsoundsverybeautiful.

Whathesaidprovedtobecorrectlater.

1.這首歌聽起來非常優(yōu)美。2.他說的話后來證明是正確的。2021/5/9306用非謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動

1)want/need/require作“需要”講時(shí)后接動名詞作賓語時(shí)，用主動式表被動義；當(dāng)然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。

Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed.—You'vecomejustintimetohelpus.—Fine,whatrequires________?(=Fine,whatrequires_____________?)Thissentenceneeds________.A.animprovementB.improve

C.improvingD.improvedCdoingtobedone2021/5/9313).不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí),用主動式表被動義。(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,light,comfortable,safe)

Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.4.)不定式作后置定語,與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用主動式表被動義。

Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink.2)beworth后常接動名詞，用主動表示被動意義．Thebookisworthreading.2021/5/932．5.)不定式toblame,表示“應(yīng)受批評,責(zé)備”，用主動式表被動義。

Theboyistoblameforwhathehasdone.6.)在Therebe句型中修飾主語的不定式用主動形式或被動形式

Therearemanythingstodo/tobedone.2021/5/9331)Yourjacketneeds________(wash)．2)Thehouserequires________(repair)．Exercises:washingrepairing3)Themeatisnotfit_______(eat)．4)WefindEnglishdifficult_________(learn)．toeattolearn5)Ihavemuchhomework_____(do)．6)I’llgivetheboysomebooks_______(read)．todotoread2021/5/9347.Thebookisworth________(read)

.8.Blackpeoplehadnoright_______(vote)9.Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．10.Therearemanyjobs_______(do)．todotodoreadingtovote2021/5/935Exercises:1.Thesteel_____cold．

A.isfeltB.wasfeelingC.feelsD.isbeingfelt2.Hisplan_____good．

A.hassoundedB.issoundingC.issoundedD.sounds3.Work_____at7pm.everyday．

A.endsB.endedC.wasendedD.hadended4.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedCDAB2021/5/9365.Peopleoftenwanttoknowwhatmyjobis.OftenI_______thatquestion.A.askB.amasking

C.getaskedD.getasking6.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland_______already.A.sell,havebeensoldout

B.sold,hadsoldout

C.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldoutCA2021/5/9377.Allthepreparationsforthetask______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.complete

C.hadbeencompleted

D.havebeencompleted8.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey_______tobeusefulmentothecountry.A.wereallexpected

B.wereallexpecting

C.allwereexpected

D.allexpectedDA2021/5/938

9.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_____by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted10.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe11.—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleanedCAD2021/5/93912.—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.

—Oh,I______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaiting D.havewaited13.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager______toworkonlineathome.A.encouragesB.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged14.Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated15.-haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting

ADDA2021/5/94016.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?

—No,I

.Didtheyhaveabigwedding? A．wasnotinvited B．haveno