無錫市2023-2024學年高三上學期期中教學質量調研測試英語試卷（解析版）

第2頁/共21頁無錫市2023-2024學年上學期高三期中教學質量調研測試英語注意事項及說明：1.試卷共150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答案一律寫在答題卡上?？荚嚱Y束時，上交答題卡。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthemanenjoytheview?A.Throughatelescope.B.Throughacamera.C.Throughamobilephone.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ontheplayground.B.Inastore.C.Inagym.3Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Eatatarestaurant.B.Shopatagrocerystore.C.HavedinnerwithJack’smother.4.Whenwillthemeetingbeheld?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.5.Whatarethespeakersmostprobablytalkingabout?A.Abed.B.Achair.C.Ablanket.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whichpartofthebodyisthewomanfocusingonrecoveringnow?A.Hershoulder.B.Herfingers.C.Herarm.7.Whoprobablyhelpsthewomancarryhergroceries?A.Herbrother.B.Theman.C.Herco-workers.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amagicschool.B.Acostumeparty.C.ThemovieHarryPotter.9.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Confident.B.Funny.C.Helpful.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatdifficultydoesthewomanmeet?A.Howtopublishherbook.B.Whentopublishherbook.C.Wheretopublishherbook.11.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandoaboutherbook?A.Callapublisher.B.Advertiseitherself.C.Asktheteacherforadvice.12Howmanypagesdoesthewoman’sbookhave?A.About200.B.About350.C.About700.13.Whatwillthewomangivethemantoread?A.Adigitalcopy.B.Aprintedcopy.C.Ahandwrittencopy.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whenmightthebirthdaypartybeheld?A.OnThursday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.15.WhatdoesJudyhavetodoonthedayoftheparty?A.Gotowork.B.Takethecarforacheck.C.Driveherbrothersomewhere.16.WhatgiftwillDavegivetoBradforhisbirthday?A.Ahat.B.Agiftcard.C.ACD.17.WhatwillthespeakersdoatBrad’sbirthdayparty?A.Dosomesports.B.Seeamovie.C.Watchaperformance.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthecleverthingaboutthemall?A.Itslocation.B.Itsatmosphere.C.Itsshopkeepers.19.WhatdoesMariaLarssonthinkofthemall?A.Common.B.Creative.C.Modern.20.Whyisthemallspecial?A.Becauseit’sfashionable.B.Becauseit’seasilyaccessible.C.Becauseit’senvironmentallyfriendly.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.StartofAutumn,the13thsolarterm,reflectstheendofsummerandthebeginningofautumn.Thefruitfulseasonisapproaching.Thefollowingareseveralthingsyoushouldknowaboutit.“AutumnTiger”AlthoughStartofAutumnindicatesthebeginningofautumn,hotweatherwon’tcometoanend.TheperiodofhotdaysafterStartofAutumn,iscalled“AutumnTiger”.Becauseofdecreasingrainfall,itisevenmoresweltering(悶熱的)duringthisperiodthanduringMajorHeat.EatinglongansTheStartofAutumnperiodisharvesttimeforTaiwanlongan.Peoplebelievethateatinglonganwillhelptheirchildrenbecomeseniorofficials.EatingredbeansStartingfromtheTangDynastyandtheSongDynasty,peopleinYiwu,Zhejiangprovince,haveeatenredbeansonStartofAutumnday.Theytake7to14littlebeans,swallowingthemwithwellwater.Whentakingthebeans,onemustfacewest,itissaid,soasnottogetdysenteryduringtheautumn.Eatinggourds(葫蘆)DuringtheQingDynasty,peoplewouldputgourdsoutsideforadaybeforetheStartofAutumn,andeatthemonStartofAutumndaytodriveoffthesummerheat.TodaypeopleinTianjinstillkeepthiscustom,believingthateatingmelonssuchastowelgourd,whitegourdandbittergourdcanpreventdiarrhea(腹瀉)inautumn.1.Whatcauses“AutumnTiger”accordingtothepassage?A.Thereducingrainfall. B.Theendingofsummer.C.Theapproachingautumn. D.Thebeginningofthesolarterm.2.Whatisthecommonbeliefforpeopletoeatredbeansandgourds?A.Toavoidheat. B.Tokeepthecustom.C.Topreventdiseases. D.Tohelpchildrenbecomeseniorofficials.3.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinemightthepassagebetakenfrom?A.Sports. B.Culture. C.Entertainment. D.Politics.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了在中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中，關于立秋我們應該知道的幾件事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AutumnTiger部分中“Becauseofdecreasingrainfall,itisevenmoresweltering(悶熱的)duringthisperiodthanduringMajorHeat.(由于降雨量減少，這段時間比大暑期間更悶熱)”可知，“秋老虎”是由于降雨量減少，故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eatingredbeans部分中“Whentakingthebeans,onemustfacewest,itissaid,soasnottogetdysenteryduringtheautumn.(據(jù)說，吃豆子的時候一定要面朝西，以免在秋天得痢疾)”和Eatinggourds(葫蘆)部分中“TodaypeopleinTianjinstillkeepthiscustom,believingthateatingmelonssuchastowelgourd,whitegourdandbittergourdcanpreventdiarrhea(腹瀉)inautumn.(今天天津人仍然保留著這個習俗，認為在秋天吃絲瓜、冬瓜、苦瓜可以預防腹瀉)”可知，人們吃紅豆和冬瓜是為了預防疾病，故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內容，結合第一段中“ThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.StartofAutumn,the13thsolarterm,reflectstheendofsummerandthebeginningofautumn.Thefruitfulseasonisapproaching.Thefollowingareseveralthingsyoushouldknowaboutit.(中國傳統(tǒng)的陽歷將一年分為24個節(jié)氣。立秋，第13個節(jié)氣，反映了夏天的結束和秋天的開始。豐收的季節(jié)即將來臨。以下是你應該知道的幾件事)”可知，文章主要介紹了在中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中，關于立秋我們應該知道的幾件事，應是摘自雜志的文化部分，故選B。BEachmorningat6o’clock,evenonweekends,KamaljeetSingh,57,isupandoutofthehouse.Hestartsbyspendingthreehourshelpingdistributefoodtonearlytwodozendrop-offlocationsacrossDelhi,India,andthenchecksonthemanyfacilitiesrunbythevolunteerorganizationheleadswithhisbrother,Premjit.Theorganization,VeerjiKaDera,wasfoundedin1989bytheirfather,TrilokchanSingh.TrilokchanandhishelpersbegansupportingoneofIndia’smostunderservedgroups:themigrantworkerswhocametoDelhifromruralareas.Itstartedwithafreebreakfast,andeventuallythegroupwasalsoprovidingbasicfirstaidforminor,oftenjob-related,injuries.Duringthistime,Trilokchanwouldbeginhisdaysasearlyas4o’clockinthemorning,thengotohispaidjob5hourslater,andendeachdaybyvolunteeringintheevenings.Afterhisdeath,KamaljeetandPremjit,inspiredbytheirfather’slifetimeofservice,tookovertheorganization.“Wearecontinuinghislegacyofhelpingthepoorestofthepoor,”saysPremjit,61,“OuraimisthatnoonegoeshungryanduncaredforinDelhi.”VeerjiKaDeranowfeedsabout2500dailywageworkersandhomelesspeopleaday,inadditiontoprovidingbasicmedicalcareforasmanyas500people.ThegroupoperatesamainbuildinginwestDelhi,severalrentedfarms—growingcropssuchaswheat,mustard,milletandrice—anold-agehomeandclinics.Itevenoperatesananimalshelterhousingafewhundredrescuedcowsandbuffalo.It’sallmadepossiblebytheroughly250familieswhovolunteertheirtimetocook,drive,nurse,farmandclean.Kamaljeetandhiswife,Raminder,juggletheirvolunteerworkwithmanagingtheirsecurity-camerainstallation(設備)company,andtheygethelpfromtheirsonanddaughter-in-law,too.Hisotheradultchildren,whonowliveabroad,havevolunteeredinthepast,ashavePremjit’skids.Despitethesizeandscopeoftheorganization,thebrothersclaimitcausesthemnostress.Kamaljeetsaysspendingtimewithhisbrotherandthevolunteers—especiallyyoungpeople—is“thebest”.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutKamaljeetfromparagraph1?A.HesetsupVeerjiKaDera. B.Heisfondofgettingupearly.C.Heroutinelyhelpsthoseinneed. D.Hecanhavearestonweekends.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningTrilokchan?A.Tocommentonhiswork. B.Tocomparehisworkwithhissons’.C.Toshowhisinfluenceonhissons. D.Todescribehistoughlivingconditions.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“juggle”meaninparagraph5?A.Combine. B.Share. C.Connect. D.Balance.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Acaringfamily. B.Aworthyorganization.C.Amysterioustale. D.Ameaningfulexperience.【答案】4C5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個公益組織VeerjiKaDera。這個組織由TrilokchanSingh于1989年創(chuàng)立，他去世后由他的兩個兒子接管，250個志愿者家庭自愿花時間做飯、開車、護理、種地和打掃衛(wèi)生，服務于從農村地區(qū)來到德里的農民工。他們的目標是：在德里，沒有人挨餓，沒有人無人照顧?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachmorningat6o’clock,evenonweekends,KamaljeetSingh,57,isupandoutofthehouse.Hestartsbyspendingthreehourshelpingdistributefoodtonearlytwodozendrop-offlocationsacrossDelhi,India,andthenchecksonthemanyfacilitiesrunbythevolunteerorganizationheleadswithhisbrother,Premjit.Theorganization,VeerjiKaDera,wasfoundedin1989bytheirfather,TrilokchanSingh.(每天早上6點，57歲的卡瑪吉特·辛格就起床出門了，即使在周末也是如此。他首先要花3個小時幫助向印度德里的近24個送餐點分發(fā)食物，然后檢查由他和哥哥普雷姆吉特領導的志愿者組織運營的許多設施。這個名為VeerjiKaDera的組織由他們的父親TrilokchanSingh于1989年創(chuàng)立)”可知，Kamaljeet每天包括周末都是這樣忙著打理這個組織的事務，而這個組織是幫助那些困境中的人。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterhisdeath,KamaljeetandPremjit,inspiredbytheirfather’slifetimeofservice,tookovertheorganization.‘Wearecontinuinghislegacyofhelpingthepoorestofthepoor,’saysPremjit,61,‘OuraimisthatnoonegoeshungryanduncaredforinDelhi.’(父親去世后，卡瑪吉特和普雷姆吉特受到父親一生服務的啟發(fā)，接管了這個組織。61歲的普雷姆吉特說:‘我們正在繼承他的遺志，幫助有需要的窮人。我們的目標是，在德里，沒有人挨餓，沒有人無人照顧’)”可知，作者提到這位父親是為了講述這兄弟兩個是在父親的影響下從事這個慈善事業(yè)的。故選C項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面的“theirvolunteerwork(做志愿者工作)”和“managingtheirsecurity-camerainstallation(設備)company(管理他們的安全攝像頭安裝公司)”可知，劃線詞和balance意義相近，他們要平衡好機構的公益事業(yè)和自己的公司，兼顧兩者。故選D項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一個公益組織VeerjiKaDera。這個組織由TrilokchanSingh于1989年創(chuàng)立，他去世后由他的兩個兒子接管，250個志愿者家庭自愿花時間做飯、開車、護理、種地和打掃衛(wèi)生，服務于從農村地區(qū)來到德里的農民工。他們的目標是：在德里，沒有人挨餓，沒有人無人照顧，因此本文主要介紹一個有意義的公益組織。故選B項。CInsomnia(失眠)feelslikeacurseforthoselefttossingandturningastheytrytofallasleep.Suchproblemscanbenotonlyupsetting,butalsoharmfultothebrain,asrevealedinlastissue’sarticleonsleep.ScientistsfromtheUSUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenusingbracelets(手鐲)tomonitorthesleeppattersof507universitystudentsoveraperiodofthreeyears.Thebraceletsallowedscientistsnotonlytomonitorthesleeppatternsoftheirsubjectsbutalsotoexaminetheirexposuretolightduringtheday.Thedatarevealedthatthestudentsenjoyedaboutthesamequantityofsleepregardlessofseasons.Butonweeknightsinthewintertheywenttobed35minuteslater,andalsoroseagain27minuteslater,comparedwithweeknightsinthesummer.Thediscoverysurprisedthescientists.ThecityofSeattle,wheretheuniversityislocated,gets16hoursofdaylightinthesummerandonly8inthewinter.Theyexpectedthatlonglightsummereveningswouldkeepthestudentsuplonger—buttheoppositeprovedtobethecase.Accordingtothescientists,theexplanationmaybethatthelowquantityofdaylightinwinterdisturbsthestudents’internalclock,shiftingitbysome40minutes.Theysimplyspenttoolittletimeoutdoorsduringwintermonths.Thescientistsalsosuggestthatthetypeoflightmattersverymuch.“Lightduringtheday,particularlyinthemorning,affectsyourinternalclock,soyougettiredearlierintheevening,whilelightlateinthedayorearlyintheeveningdelaysyourtiredness,”explainsHoracio,ProfessorofBiologyattheUniversityofWashingtonandoneofthescientistsbehindthepublication.Accordingtohim,theresultsareanimportantremindertoallofus,notjustAmericanuniversitystudents,tothinkaboutlightlevelsandourexposure.“Manyofusliveincitieswithlotsofartificiallight,andatthesametimeourlifestylekeepsusindoorsduringtheday,”Horacionotes.“Thestudydemonstratesthatwehavetostepoutside—evenbriefly,andparticularlyinthemorning—tobesubjectedtonaturallight.”8.Whatdoesparagraph1intendtotellus?AThesignsofinsomnia. B.Thecausesofinsomnia.C.Theexperiencesofinsomnia. D.Theproblemsofinsomnia.9.Whatsurprisedthescientists?A.LonghoursofdaylightinSeattle’ssummer.B.Thesamequantityofsleepwhatevertheseason.C.Thechangeablesleeppatternsoftheparticipants.D.Theshortersleepingtimeinwinterweeknights.10.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph6?A.Tostateanotherproblem. B.Topresentdoubt.C.Toprovideanotherexplanation. D.Togiveevidence.11.WhatdoesHoracioadviseustodofromthelastparagraph?A.Haveenoughsleep. B.Getoutearlytoenjoynaturallight.C.Dealwithlightpollution. D.Stayindoortoavoidlightexposure.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述美國華盛頓大學的科學家們進行的一項關于睡眠的調查，發(fā)現(xiàn)光線類型和暴露時長都會影響睡眠時間，最后建議人們早上去戶外享受自然光的照射?！?題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Insomnia(失眠)feelslikeacurseforthoselefttossingandturningastheytrytofallasleep.Suchproblemscanbenotonlyupsetting,butalsoharmfultothebrain,asrevealedinlastissue’sarticleonsleep.(對于那些在試圖入睡時輾轉反側的人來說，失眠就像是一種詛咒。正如上一期關于睡眠的文章所揭示的那樣，這些問題不僅會讓人心煩意亂，而且對大腦有害)”可知，第一段旨在告訴我們失眠的問題，故選D。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thedatarevealedthatthestudentsenjoyedaboutthesamequantityofsleepregardlessofseasons.(數(shù)據(jù)顯示，無論季節(jié)如何，學生們的睡眠時間都是一樣的)”和第四段中“Thediscoverysurprisedthescientists.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)使科學家們大吃一驚)”以及“Theyexpectedthatlonglightsummereveningswouldkeepthestudentsuplonger(他們原以為漫長而明亮的夏夜會讓學生們睡得更久)”可知，科學家原以為夏天學生們會睡更長時間，但數(shù)據(jù)顯示學生們的睡眠時間都是一樣的，這使使科學家們大吃一驚，故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。第五段中“Accordingtothescientists,theexplanationmaybethat…(據(jù)科學家解釋，這可能是……)”解釋了其中一個原因，根據(jù)第六段中“Thescientistsalsosuggestthatthetypeoflightmattersverymuch.(科學家們還指出，光的類型也很重要)”可知，第六段是解釋另一個原因，故選C。【11題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thestudydemonstratesthatwehavetostepoutside—evenbriefly,andparticularlyinthemorning—tobesubjectedtonaturallight.(這項研究表明，我們必須走出家門，哪怕只是一小會兒，尤其是在早晨，接受自然光的照射)”可知，Horacio建議我們早上去戶外享受自然光的照射，故選B。DAreyougoodatinterpretingotherpeople’semotions?Thenthere’sagoodchancethatyou’realsogoodatunderstandingwhatanimalstrytosay.AnewDanish-SwissstudypublishedintheopenjournalRoyalSocietyOpenScienceindicatesthatempathetic(能共情的)peoplearealsogoodatdecoding(解讀)animalsounds.Otherfactorsalsoimproveyourchanceofcommunicatingwithanimals—youaremorelikelytobeanimal-empatheticifyoualsoworkwithanimals,andtheabilityseemstopeakinthoseaged20-29yearsold,accordingtothescientists.“Ourresultsshowthat,basedonanimalsounds,peopleareabletotellwhetherananimalisagitated(焦慮不安的)ornotandwhethertheanimalexpressespositiveornegativeemotions,”saysbehaviouralbiologistElodieBrieferfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen’sFacultyofScience.“Thisistrueinconnectionwithanumberofdifferentmammals.Wecanalsoseethatourabilitytointerpretthesoundsdependsonfactorssuchasage,first-handknowledgeofanimals,andnotleasthowempatheticwearetowardsotherpeople.”Thestudywasbasedonanswersfrom1024peopleacross48countries.Theywereintroducedtosoundsfromsixmammals:goats,cattle,domesticatedhorses,Asianwildhorses,pigs,andwildboars.Thesoundsfromthesixanimalswereplayedtothestudy’srespondentstogetherwithsoundsofhumannonsense(胡言亂語)producedbyactors.Afterwards,theparticipantshadtoguesswhetherthesoundsexpressedahighorlowlevelofagitation,andiftheemotionswerepositiveornegative.Followingthetest,theparticipantswereaskedtotakeanempathytestthatmeasuredtheirempathytowardshumanbeings.“Itisaconvincingtestwhichmeasuresempathytowardsotherpeople,”ElodieBrieferexplains.“Andwesawaclearconnectionwiththeabilitytointerpretanimalsounds.”12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bystatingopinions. B.Byquotingasaying.C.Bygivinganexample. D.Byaskingaquestion.13.Whomightbebestatunderstandinganimalemotionsbasedonthestudy?A.A15-year-oldhard-workingstudent. B.A25-year-oldcaringanimalraiser.C.A29-year-oldexperiencedhunter. D.A30-year-oldfriendlyteacher.14.WhatdoesElodieBrieferthinkofthetestinvolved?A.Doubtful. B.Reliable. C.Ineffective. D.Disappointing.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Humanempathyextendstoanimals B.EmotioninterpretationhelpsanimalsC.Soundinterpretationdependsonages D.Emotionexpressionprotectsanimals【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究表明有同理心的人也擅長解碼動物的聲音?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Areyougoodatinterpretingotherpeople’semotions?Thenthere’sagoodchancethatyou’realsogoodatunderstandingwhatanimalstrytosay.(你善于解讀別人的情緒嗎?那么很有可能你也很擅長理解動物想說什么。)”接下來第二段講述文章的主題“AnewDanish-Swissstudypublishedintheopenjournal

RoyalSocietyOpenScience

indicatesthatempathetic(能共情的)peoplearealsogoodatdecoding(解讀)animalsounds.(發(fā)表在開放期刊《皇家學會開放科學》上的一項丹麥——瑞士聯(lián)合研究表明，有同理心的人也擅長解碼動物的聲音。)”可知，作者通過提問來引出文章的主題。故選D。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Otherfactorsalsoimproveyourchanceofcommunicatingwithanimals—youaremorelikelytobeanimal-empatheticifyoualsoworkwithanimals,andtheabilityseemstopeakinthoseaged20-29yearsold,accordingtothescientists.(其他因素也會增加你與動物交流的機會——如果你也和動物一起工作，你更有可能具有動物同理心，而且這種能力似乎在20-29歲的人身上達到頂峰。)”可知，一個25歲的有愛心的動物飼養(yǎng)員可能最能理解動物的情緒。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Itisaconvincingtestwhichmeasuresempathytowardsotherpeople,”ElodieBrieferexplains.“Andwesawaclearconnectionwiththeabilitytointerpretanimalsounds.”(ElodieBriefer解釋說：“這是一個令人信服的測試，可以衡量對他人的同理心?！薄拔覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)這與解釋動物聲音的能力有明顯的聯(lián)系?！?”可知，ElodieBriefer認為測試是可靠的。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第二段“AnewDanish-SwissstudypublishedintheopenjournalRoyalSocietyOpenScienceindicatesthatempathetic(能共情的)peoplearealsogoodatdecoding(解讀)animalsounds.(發(fā)表在開放期刊《皇家學會開放科學》上的一項丹麥-瑞士聯(lián)合研究表明，有同理心的人也擅長解碼動物的聲音)”可知，文章主要講述的是有同理心的人也擅長解碼動物的聲音，A項：Humanempathyextendstoanimals(人類的同理心也延伸到了動物身上)合乎題意。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theworldcontinuestostrugglewithextremeheatwaves,whicharebecomingevenmoreregularthankstoclimatechange.____16____Researchershavefoundthatbywearingappropriateclothes,itispossibletosaveconsiderableenergy,bothsavingmoneyandcuttinggreenhousegasemissions.Sowhatshouldyouwear?Whenitcomestocolour,mostpeoplewearwhiteinsummer,becausewhitereflectsthesun’srays,ratherthanabsorbthelight.____17____Whenthatheatfromourbodieshitsthewhiteclothing,itisreflectedbackatus.AstudyofwhyBedouins,wholiveindesertregionsintheArabianpeninsula,MiddleEastandNorthAfricawearblackrobes(袍服)inthedesert,foundthatheatexposurewasthesamewhethertheyworeblackorwhiterobes.Howisthatpossible?Blackcolouredfabricsabsorbheatcomingfromthebody,whichplaysaroleincoolingyourbodydown.____18____Theclothesheatupthespacebetweenthefabricandtheskin,promotinganupwardaircurrent-likeachimney-andprovidingcoolingrelief.____19____Intermsofmaterial,it’sbettertohavefabricsthatallowwatervapour(蒸氣)topassthrough.Cottonabsorbsmoisturebutitdoesn’tdryquickly,soifyou’resweatingalotyourclotheswillstaywet.____20____Lineniswidelywornasithasexcellentbreathabilityduetoitslargefibres,butlikecottonitisslowtodry.Merinowoolhasbeenapopularchoiceforoutdoorenthusiastsasit’sbreathable.Therefore,itturnsoutthatpickinganoutfittostaycoolismorecomplexthansimplythrowingonawhiteT-shirt.Buttherightfabricandappropriatefitwork.A.Itmeanscottondoesnotdosogreatwiththis.B.Cottonisconsideredasthemostcomfortablematerial.C.Theclothingwewearisavitalcomponentinhowwestaycool.D.Sothefitoftheclothingisactuallymoreimportantthanthecolour.E.Soifyouareconsideringwhattowear,thenstickwithwhiteT-shirt.F.However,heatdoesn’tjustcomefromthesun—itcomesfromourbodiestoo.G.TheBedouin’ssecretiswearingloose-fittingblackclothing,especiallyifit’swindy.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.D20.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了衣服的材質、合身度、顏色對穿著涼爽的影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theworldcontinuestostrugglewithextremeheatwaves,whicharebecomingevenmoreregularthankstoclimatechange.(世界繼續(xù)與極端熱浪作斗爭，由于氣候變化，極端熱浪變得更加頻繁)”以及后文“Researchershavefoundthatbywearingappropriateclothes,itispossibletosaveconsiderableenergy,bothsavingmoneyandcuttinggreenhousegasemissions.Sowhatshouldyouwear?(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過穿著合適的衣服，可以節(jié)省大量能源，既省錢又減少溫室氣體排放。那么你應該穿什么呢？)”可知，上文提到了極端熱浪天氣，后文則提到了合適的衣服，可知本句是在說明衣服和保持涼爽之間的關系。故C選項“我們穿的衣服是保持涼爽的重要因素”符合語境，故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenitcomestocolour,mostpeoplewearwhiteinsummer,becausewhitereflectsthesun’srays,ratherthanabsorbthelight.(說到顏色，大多數(shù)人在夏天穿白色，因為白色會反射陽光，而不是吸收陽光)”以及后文“Whenthatheatfromourbodieshitsthewhiteclothing,itisreflectedbackatus.AstudyofwhyBedouins,wholiveindesertregionsintheArabianpeninsula,MiddleEastandNorthAfricawearblackrobes(袍服)inthedesert,foundthatheatexposurewasthesamewhethertheyworeblackorwhiterobes.(當我們身體的熱量接觸到白色衣服時，它會反射回我們身上。一項關于為什么居住在阿拉伯半島、中東和北非沙漠地區(qū)的貝都因人在沙漠中穿黑袍的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論他們穿黑袍還是白袍，接觸的熱量都是一樣的)”可知，上文提到了白色反光，后文則提到了當我們身體的熱量接觸到白色衣服時，它會反射回我們身上，說明熱量也來自于身體。故F選項“然而，熱量不僅來自太陽，也來自我們的身體”符合語境，故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howisthatpossible?Blackcolouredfabricsabsorbheatcomingfromthebody,whichplaysaroleincoolingyourbodydown.(這怎么可能呢？黑色的布料會吸收來自身體的熱量，起到降溫的作用)”以及后文“Theclothesheatupthespacebetweenthefabricandtheskin,promotinganupwardaircurrent-likeachimney-andprovidingcoolingrelief.(這種衣服加熱了織物和皮膚之間的空間，促進了向上的氣流，就像煙囪一樣，并提供了涼爽的緩解)”可知，本句主要是在說明穿某種衣服可以保持涼爽，G選項中l(wèi)oose-fittingblackclothing對應后文Theclothes。故G選項“貝都因人的秘密是穿著寬松的黑色衣服，尤其是在刮風的時候”符合語境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theclothesheatupthespacebetweenthefabricandtheskin,promotinganupwardaircurrent-likeachimney-andprovidingcoolingrelief.(這種衣服加熱了織物和皮膚之間的空間，促進了向上的氣流，就像煙囪一樣，并提供了涼爽的緩解)”可知，上文提到了衣服和皮膚之間空間的大小會影響穿著的溫度，即合身度的重要性。故D選項“所以衣服的合身度實際上比顏色更重要”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Intermsofmaterial,it’sbettertohavefabricsthatallowwatervapour(蒸氣)topassthroughCottonabsorbsmoisturebutitdoesn’tdryquickly,soifyou’resweatingalotyourclotheswillstaywet.(在面料方面，最好選擇能讓水蒸氣通過的面料。棉質吸收水分，但不會很快干，所以如果你出汗很多，你的衣服就會保持潮濕)”可知，上文提到了棉質會吸收水分，你的衣服就會保持潮濕，說明棉花不利于透氣和保持涼爽，故A選項“這意味著棉花在這方面做得不太好。”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。KATHYXU,ahighschoolteacher,hadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.The____21____finallycamein2011,whenshewentonasnorkelling(浮潛)triptotheNingalooReef.Insteadofbeing____22____ofthewhaleshark,shewasinspiredbyits____23____andgrace.XulaterlearnedaboutthesharktradeinthevillageofTanjungLuar.Curious,Xu____24____thevillage.Shespokewithseveralfishermen.Sharkfishingis____25____andinvolveshardphysicalwork,butit’soneoffewwaysto____26____theirfamilies.OncethefishermenheardXulikedsnorkelling.theyurgedhertovisitthecoralreefs(珊瑚礁)nearby.Thereefswere____27____,alivewithlifeandcolour.Xuwasconfidentthatsnorkellingboattripwasthe____28____—awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.Inlate2012,Xu____29____herfull-timeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect,anecotourismbusinessshehopedwould____30____thedecliningsharkpopulation.Inlate2013,TheDorsalEffect____31____itsfirstboattrip.Snorkellerspaid$120foraone-daytripto____32____placesthelocalfishermenknowaboutbutcouldnotbefoundonaGooglesearch.It____33____amuchmorereliableincomeforthefishermen.Now,Xuisproudofthesmall____34____happeninginthevillage,fromthefishermenwhonowhaveanewwaytoearnanincometotheschoolchildrenwholearnaboutsharkson____35____.“Ilovethebeautifulsharksanddecidedtochangethenegativeopinionpeoplehaveofthem,”Xusays.21.A.idea B.opportunity C.experience D.hope22.A.fond B.ashamed C.scared D.careful23.A.beauty B.flexibility C.responsibility D.variety24.A.hidin B.fledto C.ranin D.headedto25.A.risky B.funny C.fancy D.worthy26.A.protect B.amuse C.support D.serve27.A.disappointing B.confusing C.amazing D.boring28.A.guidance B.result C.problem D.solution29.A.quit B.enjoyed C.continued D.found30.A.control B.ensure C.keep D.save31.A.realized B.launched C.delayed D.evaluated32.A.defend B.empty C.design D.explore33.A.provides B.prepares C.lowers D.limits34.A.events B.disasters C.joys D.changes35.A.business B.tour C.campus D.duty【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.D31.B32.D33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述一名高中教師KathyXu喜歡鯊魚，后來，她了解到捕鯊的漁民是為了生計，她決定成立一家生態(tài)旅游企業(yè)去解決漁民的生計問題，從而保護鯊魚的數(shù)量?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2011年，機會終于來了，那時候她去寧格魯礁(NingalooReef)浮潛。A.idea主意；B.opportunity機會；C.experience經(jīng)驗；D.hope希望。根據(jù)前文“KATHYXU,ahighschoolteacher,hadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.”可知，她一直想看野外的鯊魚，所以此處應是機會來了。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她沒有害怕鯨鯊，而是被它的美麗和優(yōu)雅所鼓舞。A.fond喜歡的；B.ashamed羞愧；C.scared害怕的；D.careful小心。根據(jù)后文“whaleshark”結合選項和常識可知，常人遇到鯨鯊是感到害怕的。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她沒有害怕鯨鯊，而是被它的美麗和優(yōu)雅所鼓舞。A.beauty美麗；B.flexibility靈活性；C.responsibility責任；D.variety不同種類。根據(jù)后文“andgrace”可知，空處和grace并列，根據(jù)選項，應是“beauty美麗”符合語境。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：出于好奇，徐向村子走去。A.hidin藏起來；B.fledto逃到；C.ranin磨合；D.headedto前往。根據(jù)后文“Shespokewithseveralfishermen.”可知，她和幾個漁民談過，所以是前往村子。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：捕鯊是有風險的，需要做艱苦的體力勞動，但這是為數(shù)不多的養(yǎng)家糊口的方式之一。A.risky有風險的；B.funny有趣的；C.fancy昂貴的；D.worthy值得的。根據(jù)后文文“awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.”可知，捕鯊是有風險的。故選A項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：捕鯊是有風險的，需要做艱苦的體力勞動，但這是為數(shù)不多的養(yǎng)家糊口的方式之一。A.protect防護；B.amuse娛樂；C.support養(yǎng)活；支持；D.serve服務。根據(jù)后文“awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.”可知，漁民捕鯊是為了生計，所以是supporttheirfamilies意為“養(yǎng)家”符合語境。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：珊瑚礁是驚奇的，充滿了生命和色彩。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.confusing令人困惑；C.amazing令人大為驚奇的；D.boring沒趣的。根據(jù)后文“alivewithlifeandcolour.”可知，充滿了生命和色彩，是令人大為驚奇的。故選C項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：徐相信浮潛船之旅是解決問題的辦法，這是一種漁民可以在不冒著捕獲鯊魚的風險的情況下謀生的方式。A.guidance指導；B.result后果；C.problem問題；D.solution解決方案。根據(jù)后文“awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.”可知，是一種辦法。故選D項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2012年底，徐辭去了全職教師的工作，專注于建立生態(tài)旅游企業(yè)TheDorsalEffect，她希望借此挽救不斷減少的鯊魚數(shù)量。A.quit辭職；退出；B.enjoyed享受；C.continued持續(xù)；D.found找到。根據(jù)后文“tofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect,anecotourismbusiness”可知，她建立生態(tài)旅游企業(yè)，所以是辭去了全職教師的工作。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2012年底，徐辭去了全職教師的工作，專注于建立生態(tài)旅游企業(yè)TheDorsalEffect，她希望借此挽救不斷減少的鯊魚數(shù)量。A.control控制；B.ensure確保；C.keep保持；D.save挽救。根據(jù)前文“Inlate2012,Xu9herfull-timeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingT