2021屆高考英語(yǔ)“中國(guó)元素”之閱讀理解 中國(guó)社會(huì)（二）

2021屆高考英語(yǔ)“中國(guó)元素”之閱讀理解中國(guó)社會(huì)（二）

、

WangTao,aChinesefashiondesigner,releasedherfall-winter2019collectioninNewYork

onFebruary9,thetenthtimeherbrand,TaorayWangzhasbeenfeaturedattheNewYorkFashion

Week.

SittingonthefrontrowoftheshowwereU.S.PresidentDonaldTrump'syoungerdaughter

TiffanyTrumpwithhermotherMarlaMaples,aswellasformerFoxNewshostKimberlyGuilfoyle.

TiffanyTrump,afanofTaorayWang,woreawhitedouble-breastedcoatbyWangtoher

father'sinauguration（就職典禮）ceremonyinJanuary2017.

Wang'slatestcollection‘Eternity,ispartlyinspiredbyTiffanyTrump.Inthiscollection,

Wangcombinestheunconventionalbeautyofthe1970s,representedbyfamousAmericanmodel

LaurenHuttonandthefemalelookfavoredbypeoplesuchasTiffanyTrump.

Thetwowomenarefromtwodifferentagegroupswithtwodifferentstylesbutbothare

confidentandbrave,saidWangwhileattendinghershowinManhattan./zBeautyisnotabout

timeorage.It'sallaboutattitude."

AlongwithChina'sgrowingeconomicstrength,Chinesefashionhasgraduallygained

worldwideattention,saidWang,addingthatonlywhenmoreandmoreforeignerswearclothes

designedbyChinesepeople,willitmeanarealriseofChinesefashionontheglobalstage.

Wanghasadiversebackground.WithadegreeinhistoryfromEastChinaNormalUniversity

inShanghai,WanggotaseconddegreeinfashionfromJapan'stopfashioninstituteTokyoMode

Gakuen,whereshereceivedfiveinternationalawardsindesign.ShewasselectedbyJunko

Koshino-awell-knownJapanesedesigner,toheadthestudioasthechiefmen'sdesigner.

Torealizeherglobalcareerambitions,WangthenleftJapantogototheUKwhereshe

workedasaleadingdesigner.In2002shereturnedtoChinaandledtherepositioningof

broadcast:bo,makingitoneofthetop10Chinesewomen'slabels.Wangiscurrentlyaboard

memberoftheShanghaiRiboFashionGroup.

l.WhyareTiffanyTrumpandLaurenHuttonmentionedinthepassage?

A.Theysharethesamehobby.

B.TheyarefamousAmericanmodels.

C.Theyarebothconfidentandbrave.

D.TheyhavegivenWang'sinspirationforherlatestcollection.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutWangTao?

A.Thefall-winter2019collectionwasherfirstinternationalawardindesign.

B.ShemajoredindesignwhilestudyinginEastChinaNormalUniversity.

C.ltwasthetenthtimethatherbrandjaorayWanghadappearedattheNewYorkFashionWeek.

D.SheonceleftJapanfortheUKtomakeherfortune.

3.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat.

A.bothTaorayWangandboarepopularfashionbrands

B.WangTaoisthemostfamousfashiondesignerinChina

C.TiffanyTrumpandhermotherMarlaMaplesarefansofWangTao

D.moreandmoreforeignersarewearingclothesdesignedbyChinesepeople

4.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.China'sfashionindustry

B.TheNewYorkFashionWeek

C.TaorayWang-afamousfashionbrand

D.WangTao—afamousChinesefashiondesigner

二、

Areportrevealedthatabout85%oftheworkingmotherssurveyedfeltthattheir

parenthoodhadaffectedtheircareer“inasignificantway”.Over30%ofthemsaidthatthey

wentthroughaTongperiodofmentaldistress"beforeannouncingtheirpregnancyatwork,and

35%saidtheirbossesimmediatelystartedlookingfortheirreplacementsafterlearningabout

theirpregnancy.

WhileChinesewomenmaynolongersacrificetheircareersfortheirhusbands,theyarestill

expectedtodosofortheirchildren.Thestudyfoundthatnearlyhalfofthemothersleftthelabor

forceforatleastoneyearaftergivingbirth,amongwhomroughly20%endedupbecoming

stay-at-homemoms.Whenaskedabouttheimpactofmotherhoodontheiridentitiesandlife

goals,nearly35%saidthatthemostprofoundchangewashowtheystartedtobalancebetween

familyandwork.

Theadjustment,however;isnotalwaysbychoice.Respondingtoaquestionaboutthe

distributionofchild-carelaborintheirhome,almost40%oftheworkingmotherssaidthattheir

husbands"basicallyspentnotimeonparenting//Moreover;overhalfofthehusbandsdidn'tuse

uptheirpaternityleave（陪產(chǎn)假）,whereasabout21percentnevertookitatall.

Anotherkeyfindingfromthesurveywasthatalthoughit'sillegalforChinesecompaniesto

askawomanaboutfamilyplans,manyemployersstilldo.Theunlawfulyetprevalentpractice

hasbeenamainfactorinfluencingwomen'sdecisionsabouttimingofmotherhood.Thesurvey

showedthatabout40%ofthechildlessrespondentsdelayedparenthoodbecauseof“thetimeit

wouldtake/whichtheythoughtwouldhaveanegativeimpactontheirpromotionopportunities.

Intheory,therehasneverbeenabettertimethannowforworkingmothersinChinato

shine.Facedwithanagingpopulationandshrinkingworkforce,Chineseofficialsencourage

Chinesewomentohavebabieswhileworkingatthesametime.

l.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Somewomenchoosetohidetheirpregnancy.

B.Pregnantworkingwomenwillbereplacedimmediately.

C.Halfofworkingmothersgothroughlong-termdepression.

D.Mostworkingmothersaresignificantlyaffectedbyparenthood.

2.WhatareChinesewomenexpectedtodoaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tohelptheirhusbands'career.

B.Tobecomestay-at-homemoms.

C.Tosacrificetheircareersfortheirchildren.

D.Tobesuccessfulbothathomeandincompany.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“prevalent"?

A.commonB.obviousC.embarrassingD.potential

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Womenhavegreaterpressurethanmen.

B.Pregnancyandmotherhoodaffectworkingwomen.

C.Balancebetweenworkandfamilyisunavailable.

□.Workingmomshavelesspromotionopportunities.

LiuJingyang,a28-year-oldbankclerklivinginBeijing,loveswatchingfoodshowson

live-streamingplatformafteralongdayatwork.Shefeelsthatviewingthevloggers(視頻博

主)eatingisveryrelaxingatbedtime."It'saveryhealingprocesstojustthinkaboutnothingwhile

watchingpeopleeatallthatcolorfulandinvitingfoodandseeingtheiroverreactionsasthey

enjoyit/LiutoldBeijingReview.Shesaidsheisalsocuriousabouthowpeoplecaneatmorethan

10timeswhatshecan.

However,someofthesebigeatershaverecentlybeencaught“fakeeating/vomiting(嘔

吐)afterpretendingtohaveeaten,leadingtomuchfoodwaste.Theyimmediatelycameunder

firefromthepublic.Theangerwasfueledbecausemanycriticsareawarethatapproximatelyone

inninepeopleintheworldarestarving,basedonstatisticsfromtheUNFoodandAgriculture

Organization(FAO).

Inaddition,food-wastingfoodshowsaremisleadingbecausetheygoagainstthevirtueof

thriftiness,ChengShengkui,aresearcherattheInstituteofGeographicSciencesandNatural

ResourcesResearch,theChineseAcademyofSciences,toldstatebroadcasterChinaCentral

Television(CCTV).

BeforegainingpopularityinChinainabout2014,foodshowswerealreadybighitsin

countriessuchastheRepublicofKoreaandJapan.Themouth-wateringtreatsandlargemeals

arethemainreasonsforattractingviewers,accordingtoapaperpublishedin2018inToday's

Massmedia,aChineseacademicjournal.

Thebigeaters/incomemainlycomesfromadvertisements,donationsortipsbyviewers,or

salesofproducts.Butasthemarketbecamemoreprofitable,somepeoplewhocan'treallyeata

hugeamountoffood,butstillwantedtograbthemoneyfromaudiencesandadvertisers,began

toresorttofakeeating.

Withmoremediareportsexposingdishonestactsandfoodwaste,theindustryhashadto

undergoreform.Severallive-streamingplatformshaveannouncedthattheywillstrengthen

inspectionoffoodshows,whilesomelive-streamersvoicedoppositiontofoodwasteand

advocatedthriftiness.

l.WhydoestheauthormentionLiuJingyanginthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopicoffoodwaste.

B.Toshowwhyfood-eatingprogramsarepopular.

C.Tobeginadiscussiononwaystoreducefoodwaste.

D.Toshowvloggersfromanordinaryperson'sperspective.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thriftiness"mean?

A.Eatingsmartly.B.Livinghealthily.

C.Valuinglife.D.Beingeconomical.

3.Whatactuallymakesvloggersproducesuchfood-wastingshows?

A.Togetrelaxation.B.Tomakemoremoney.

C.lbattractmoreviewers.D.Tobecomefamous.

4.Whatmaybethefutureoffoodshowsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theywillbecancelled.

B.Theywillbeexpandedintime.

C.Theywillbecarefullymonitored.

D.Theywillexperienceupsanddowns.

四、

WeknowthatChinaisthelargestandfastest-growingconsumermarketintheworld.What

islesswellunderstoodaretheforcesthatshapeconsumerismintheworldsmostpopulous

country.Inmyview,therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumer

spending.

Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohave.achoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.You

arewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofsei.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworld

throughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously

（匿名地）.YoumightnevergettoFrance,butyoucantryFrenchwine.Californiamightbefaraway,

butyoucangotoShanghaiDisneyland.Indeed,theenthusiasmforchoiceisreflectedinthe

enthusiasmChineseconsumershaveforonlineshopping.

Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularized

theconceptof“conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,

itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支酉己的）incomeandyou

can-alleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures-apairofNikes,a

smartphonezdesignerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity,

Collectiveexperienceisfocused.Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO,theFearof

MissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWest

becauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes.Socialmediareinforces

（強(qiáng)化）thiscollectivepatternsothatshoppinganddiningaresharedexperiences.Opinionsare

crowd-sourced.Andthemerchantsreinforcethispatternbysupportingholidaysales,group

buying,andotherpromotions.

SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.The

consumermustnotonlybedelightedwithyourproduct,Thejourneyoftheconsumermustalso

respectthesesocio-culturalaspects.

l.What'smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?

A.China'spopulationgrowingwealthier.

B.China'sfast-growingmarketeconomy.

C.Chinesesocio-culturalinfluencesonconsumerism.

0.Chineseconsumers'preferenceofqualitytoquantity.

2.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson?

A.Shoppingonlineisanewexperience.

B.Consumptioncanbeareflectionoffreedom.

C.ForeignproductscanbepurchasedinChina.

0.Shoppingaroundtheworldisafavorablechoice.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"/conspicuousconsumption“inparagraph3mean?

A.Theabilitytocoverone'srealneedsindailylife.

B.Spendingmoneyinordertokeepupwithothers.

C.Thepurchaseofexpensiveitemstodisplaystatus.

D.Buyingabundantgoodstoacquirepersonalidentity.

4.WhydoestheauthorthinkFOMOisstrongerinChina?

A.Socialmediaplayabiggerroleintheirlives.

B.Followingthetrendiswhatpeoplelikebetter.

C.Chinesepeoplehavelesscontactwiththestrangers,

D.Confuciancultureislesslikelytoappreciateoutsiders.

五、

ChenGangisahomerenovation（整十多）workerinZhongzhaiTown,southwestChina'sGuizhou

Province.Livinginathree-storybuildingwithhisfamily,hehasasteadyincome.Itishardto

imaginethatheusedtoworryaboutwherehisnextmealwillcomefromafewyearsago.

Atthattime,helivedinDapingVillageandgrewcomforalowincome.Thevillagesitsinthe

steepmountainsatanelevationof1,800meters,wherewildmonkeysarecommonlyseen.To

thevillagers,thenaughtymonkeysareboththeiroldneighborsandabigtrouble.Chen's

cornfieldsweredamagedbythemfromtimetotime.

Toprotecttheecologicalenvironmentwhilesolvingtheproblemofpoverty,thegovernment

carriedoutarelocationpolicybymovingresidentstoZhongzhaiinearly2017.Thepolicyhas

broughtchangestoChenandothervillagers.Thegoalofthepolicywasnotjusttorelocate

villagersbutmaketheirlivesbetterandsolvepracticalproblemsafterthemove.

ThemountainroadsweresteepinDaping.Childrenhadtowalkfivekilometersforoverone

hourtoschool.Andduringrainydays,fallswerefrequentoccurrences.Nowthechildrenfrom

therelocatedhouseholdscangotoaschoolthat'sonlyabout100metersaway,withmore

qualifiedteachersandbetterfacilities.

ThehappiestthingforChenandhisfellowvillagersisthattheyhavefinallyshakenoffpoverty

afteryearsofhoping.Thetowngovernmentprovidesfreetrainingcoursesonvariousworking

skills.Havinglearnedhowtorenovateahouse,Chen'smonthlyincomeisabout3,000yuan.His

wifealsofoundajobinanearbyteamountain.

Meanwhile,theirrelocationhasgivenwildmonkeysabetterenvironmentinthenature

reserve.Thereareabout2,000wildmonkeysintheworld,ofwhicharound730inhabitthe

MayangRiverNationalNatureReserve.Asbeingneighborswithmonkeyshasbecomeathingof

thepast,peoplefromDapingVillageareembracingthenewlifetheyhavehopedfor.

1.WhatdoyouknowaboutChenGangaccordingtothetext?

A.Wildmonkeysarehisspecialfriends.

B.Hehaslivedinathree-storybuildingsincesevenyearsago.

C.Heispaidaregularpaycheckasahouserenovationworker.

D.Helivesinahouseatanelevationof1,800metersinsouthwestChina.

2.Ofthefollowingthings,whatdothevillagershopeformost?

A.Asteadyincome.B.Athree-storybuilding.

C.Movingoutofthevillage.D.Gettingridofthewildmonkeys.

3.Whatdoweknowabouttherelocationpolicy?

A.Itisapolicythevillagershavehopedfor.

B.Thepolicyhasbenefitedthechildrenalot.

C.Allthevillagersmovedintothree-storybuildings.

D.Mostvillagersweregivenajobinateamountain.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ProtectYourFriends:WildMonkeysB.ARelocationPolicytoHelpShakeOffPoverty

C.BeaRenovationWorkerforaSteadyIncomeD.RelocatetoGivetheChildrenaBetter

答案以及解析

答案：l.D;2.C;3.A;4.D

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,TiffanyTrump和LaurenHutton給了王陶最新系

列時(shí)裝的設(shè)計(jì)靈感。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,這是王陶的服裝品牌TaorayWang第十次參加紐約時(shí)裝

周的展出。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前三段及最后一段第二句"In2002shereturnedtoChinaandledthe

repositioningofbroadcast;bo,makingitoneofthetop10Chinesewomen'slabels,"可知，王陶

的服裝品牌TaorayWang和bo都很受歡迎。故選A。

4.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章主要介紹了一位中國(guó)的服裝設(shè)計(jì)師一一王陶。故

選D。

答案：l.D;2.C;3.A;4.B

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一'段第一句話Areportrevealedthatabout85%oftheworking

motherssurveyedfeltthattheirparenthoodhadaffectedtheircareer“inasignificantway”可

知,85%的在職媽媽都認(rèn)為養(yǎng)育孩子很大程度地影響了她們的事業(yè)。故選Do

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段WhileChinesewomenmaynolongersacrificetheircareersfortheir

husbands,theyarestillexpectedtodosofortheirchildren...themostprofoundchangewas

howtheystartedtobalancebetweenfamilyandwork以及第三段Theadjustment,however,is

notalwaysbychoice.可知,現(xiàn)代女性被期待著為養(yǎng)育孩子做出犧牲。故選C。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前一句雖然公司詢問(wèn)員工的家庭計(jì)劃事實(shí)上是違規(guī)的，但是許多老板仍這

樣做。結(jié)合上下文可是這種現(xiàn)象雖然違規(guī)，但是相對(duì)普遍。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.主旨大意題。本文主要說(shuō)明了職場(chǎng)女性因?yàn)槭艿缴鐣?huì)、職場(chǎng)、現(xiàn)實(shí)等諸多因素的影響不得

不做出一些讓步和犧牲,來(lái)尋找家庭和事業(yè)的平衡。故選Bo

,、

答案：l.A;2.D;3.B;4.C

解析：1.由文章內(nèi)容可知,本文是說(shuō)吃播節(jié)目引起的食物浪費(fèi)，所以在文章的開(kāi)頭提到Liu

Jingyang是為了通過(guò)介紹吃播節(jié)目，引出食物浪費(fèi)的話題。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.根據(jù)畫(huà)線單詞所在句子的前半句food-wastingfoodshowsaremisleading可知，thriftiness

的意思應(yīng)與food-wasting相反。eatingsmartly意為"聰明地吃”;livinghealthily意為“健康地

生活”;valuingfood意為"重視食物〃;beingeconomical意為"節(jié)儉的"。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.根據(jù)文章第五段中的"Butasthemarketbecamemoreprofitable,somepeoplewhocan't

reallyeatahugeamountoffood,butstillwantedtograbthemoneyfromaudiencesand

advertisers,begantoresorttofakeeating/7可知,博主做吃播節(jié)目是為了賺錢。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句"Severallive-streamingplatformshaveannouncedthattheywill

strengtheninspectionoffoodshows,whilesomelive-streamersvoicedoppositiontofoodwaste

andadvocatedthriftiness.〃可知，一些直播平臺(tái)已經(jīng)宣布，他們將加強(qiáng)對(duì)食品節(jié)目的檢查，而一

些直播者則表示反對(duì)食品浪費(fèi),并主張節(jié)儉。由此可推斷，吃播節(jié)目以后將會(huì)被仔細(xì)監(jiān)管。故

選C項(xiàng)。

四、

答案：l.C;2.B;3.C;4.D

解析：1.主旨大意題。第一段提出〃一些社會(huì)和文化因素推動(dòng)中國(guó)的消費(fèi)支出〃，第二段講〃在

中國(guó),消費(fèi)主義與自由有關(guān)〃，第三段講〃在中國(guó)，消費(fèi)主義是成功的象征〃，第四段講“在中國(guó)，消

費(fèi)是集體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的體現(xiàn)〃，最后一段講〃在中國(guó)成功的品牌都會(huì)考慮尊重消費(fèi)者的這些社會(huì)文化

方面〃，可知文章主要講述了，在中國(guó)哪幾個(gè)社會(huì)和文化因素推動(dòng)中國(guó)的消費(fèi)支出，即中國(guó)社會(huì)

文化對(duì)消費(fèi)主義的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.主旨大意題。由第二段中的“Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeansto

haveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallows

youtoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodoso

safelyandanonymously（匿名地）.〃（消費(fèi)主義與自由有關(guān)。有選擇就意味著有消費(fèi)者的選擇。

你就是你消費(fèi)的東西。消費(fèi)是自我的表現(xiàn)。它允許你通過(guò)它的產(chǎn)品探索世界,體驗(yàn)生活方式

的選擇，并且安全匿名地這樣做。），可知第二段多強(qiáng)調(diào)消費(fèi)與自由的關(guān)系,消費(fèi)是自我的表現(xiàn),

通過(guò)消費(fèi)，人們