2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)解密學(xué)案：16閱讀理解之主旨大意題

解密16主旨大意題

序號(hào)題型真題

Part1解密高考考點(diǎn)綜述備考建議

Part2對(duì)點(diǎn)解密考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)說(shuō)1...真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析1...對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練1...

Part3強(qiáng)化集訓(xùn)真題模測(cè)、典題模測(cè)

.密高適

【考點(diǎn)綜述】

主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，旨在考查考生對(duì)文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸

納能力。此類題數(shù)量較大，在15個(gè)題中約占2-3個(gè)。

1.從考查對(duì)象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種

①篇章主旨：針對(duì)全文的主題進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段。

②段落主旨：針對(duì)某一段或幾段的主題提問(wèn)。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋

找或總結(jié)。

2.考查內(nèi)容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種

①主題類（內(nèi)容），考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫(xiě)作目的；

③標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。

【備考建議】

根據(jù)高考對(duì)其考查點(diǎn)，在做題時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意其設(shè)問(wèn)特點(diǎn)和?？紗?wèn)題，并且以高度概括法給閱讀文章整體

加注標(biāo)題。對(duì)文章主旨大意的考察，不僅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出現(xiàn)，而且也可以

用選擇或擬定文章標(biāo)題的形式出現(xiàn)。因此，選擇文章標(biāo)題，首先可以按照主旨大意的確定方式，先弄清文

章的主旨大意，再定標(biāo)題。

標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來(lái)高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它是段落中心思想最精練的表達(dá)形式。

標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推測(cè)出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖。那么如何選

擇文章的標(biāo)題呢？

首先，要考慮標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。一般要求能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章主旨。要避免

下列三種情況：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太?。?；②過(guò)度概括（多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文

章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮）；③以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象具體的大意。

其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對(duì)性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮所選

標(biāo)題與文章主題是否有密切的關(guān)系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大則中心就不突出，太小也發(fā)揮不了應(yīng)

起的作用；精確度高，不能隨意改變語(yǔ)言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)，也可以是句子。

再次要注意標(biāo)題的醒目性，標(biāo)題的選擇要簡(jiǎn)潔、突出、新穎，標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂

和門面。標(biāo)題的好壞往往影響了文章的可讀性，讀者常常從標(biāo)題上決定文章的閱讀取舍。故標(biāo)題一般比較

醒目，甚至比較離奇，以此來(lái)吸引讀者對(duì)文章的興趣。

最后要注意，要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x好標(biāo)題，還需要了解標(biāo)題的基本擬定方法。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，擬定標(biāo)題是以話題為

核心，與控制性概念的詞按一定的語(yǔ)法濃縮為概括主題句或中心思想的詞組。比如某一文章的中心句為：

CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18th2004in

Beijing.

話題：Stamps

控制性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames

標(biāo)題：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynames

Part2而言辭零__________

【考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)說(shuō)】L——＞中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首

開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)

的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫(xiě)作方法。

新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫(xiě)法。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”，“導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”實(shí)際上就是主題句，是對(duì)

全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。

【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】1

【2020?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)IIIC）

Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤獨(dú)），morefamiliesare

choosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,"saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.”

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeen

risingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogether

hadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;

manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of

25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerational

householdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.

InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhenthey

getmarried.318

28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

29.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

30.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D

【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了在英國(guó)，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老

年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題°根據(jù)第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomand1

ivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rila在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可

知，Rita在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項(xiàng)。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"AndwhatdoesNickthink?"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstow

orkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.“可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度

來(lái)看，一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是的，我想我會(huì)推薦在一起居住的J由此判斷出，尼克對(duì)和和

岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項(xiàng)。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreeg

enerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013,“官方報(bào)告顯示，三

代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬(wàn)戶增加到2013年的41.9萬(wàn)戶。根據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthat

about20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnum

berofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知,據(jù)說(shuō)，

25?34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計(jì)，英國(guó)多代同堂

的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬(wàn)。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。故選C

項(xiàng)。

31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeand

theoldatriskofisolation（孤獨(dú)），morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人

負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短

文主要是關(guān)于英國(guó)生活方式的一種上升趨勢(shì)。故選D項(xiàng)。

【對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練】I

WhenIrecentlyrevealedtomyfriends,colleagues,andfamilymembersthatIwouldbemovingmyfamilyto

Israel,thereactionswerenumerousandvaried.Somepeoplesaiditwasanexpectedthingwhileothersasked:Why

now?Whatwillyoudo?

Forme,makingthemovetoIsraelisthefulfillmentofadreamthathaslastedformy47yearsoflife.Ihave

alwaysknownthatIsraelismyhome.OvertheyearsIsraelhasbeeninmyheart,butIhavefoundanumberof

reasonstoputoffmakingitmypermanentresidence:kids,theeconomy,education...younameanexcuse,andat

somepointIhaveprobablyusedit.

Truthfully,IbelievethatIwasalwaysjustalittlebitscared.AndofcourseIstillam,withthefearfactorthat

isreportedbythepresssurroundingtheIsraelimilitaryandeconomy.However,ithascometothepointwhenI

haverealizedthatforover2000yearswehavelongedforthisland,andthatfor47yearsIhavedeniedthe

opportunitytomakeitmyhome.1amfinallyreadytofullygraspthisopportunity.

Overtheyears,IhavealwayslovedvisitingIsrael.Ihavetraveledtherewithmyfamily,andenjoyed

introducingthousandsoftravelerstothecountry.IhavecometoloveallofthesethingsaboutIsraelasatourist

becauseIgettolovemyhome.Andasfaraswaitingforthe“perfect“conditionunderwhichtomakealiyah,I

believethetimeisnow!

IhavebeenaskedmanytimesifIamnervousaboutmovingtoIsrael.BeforeIanswer,Irememberthatwe

haveovercometheGreeks,theRomans,theRussiankillings,HitlerandtheHolocaust（大屠殺），andthearmiesof

sevencountries.

HowcanInotfeelconfidentthatI,andmyfamily,willovercomeanydifficultiesthatmaycomeourway?I

amnotworrying,complaining,crying,orfearingasIpreparetomakealiyah.Iamproudandexcitedtosaythat1

amfulfillinga47-year-olddream:Iamgoinghome.

4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayinthepassage?

A.Hisdreamistocometrueafter47years.

B.ItisadilemmaforhimtoreturntoIsrael.

C.Hedidn'tliveahappylifeinIsrael.

D.Itisalatesttrendtofulfilleveryone'sdream.

5.Theauthordidn'treturntoIsraelbeforebecause.

A.hischildrenmainlyheldhimback

B.hefailedtogetdetermined

C.hedidn'tsaveenoughmoney

D.hehopedtofinishhiseducation

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"makealiyah"meaninthepassage?

A.ToreturntoIsrael.

B.Tomakeadecision.

C.Tolivehappily.

D.Tocatchachance.

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.theauthorwillbehappytomeethisrelativesinIsrael

B.Israelisafamiliarwordbutastrangeplacefortheauthor

C.theIsraelisufferedalotinthehistory

D.Israelisstillaplacebetweenwarsandchaos

【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.C

【解析】作者在文中敘述了自己經(jīng)歷了在外流浪的47年后，決定帶著家人回到以色列，使自己多年的夢(mèng)想

得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的故事。

4.主旨大意題。作者在文中敘述了自己經(jīng)歷了在外流浪的47年后，決定帶著家人回到以色列，使自己多年

的夢(mèng)想得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的故事，選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由butIhavefoundanumberofreasonstoputoffmakingitmypermanentresidence:kids,the

economy,education...younameanexcuse,andatsomepointIhaveprobablyusedit.可知以前作者沒(méi)有做出回

以色列的決定是因?yàn)檎伊朔N種借口，也就是說(shuō)作者自己沒(méi)有下定決心。選B。

6.詞義猜測(cè)題。通過(guò)閱讀全文可知作者帶著家人回到以色列的夢(mèng)想馬上就要實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以“makealiyah”指的

是回到家鄉(xiāng)以色列，選A。

7.推理判斷題。由BeforeIanswer,IrememberthatwehaveovercometheGreeks,theRomans,theRussian

killings,HitlerandtheHolocaust（大屠殺），andthearmiesofsevencountries.

可知以色列人在歷史上遭受了很多苦難，選C。

【考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)說(shuō)】2—?主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾

在細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式,

即細(xì)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。

【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】2

【2020?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)ID】

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingthe

actualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplants

thathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater,"We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings

thatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandth

oftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolightthe

roomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff”

switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（電源）-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof

energyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants,lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開(kāi)發(fā)

了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過(guò)程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來(lái)發(fā)光植物

有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。

32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscoveredthatgreener

areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplanls.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較

好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場(chǎng)所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時(shí)，他們的工作效率會(huì)提高15%。

由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中TheseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhentheyYe

shortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwaler.可知這就包括口|?子上EfJ有傳感器來(lái)顯

示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有?種植物可以檢測(cè)到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院

工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測(cè)植物缺水的情況。故選Ao

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知

發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在未來(lái)可能有助于減少能

源消耗。故選C。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsona

remotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandtherefore

helpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國(guó)總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路

燈的距離，在傳輸過(guò)程中會(huì)損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章

主要說(shuō)明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開(kāi)發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們

發(fā)明這種植物的過(guò)程，以及這種植物的?些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來(lái)發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的

作用。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)”發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

【對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練】2

Vinegarmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.And

now,accordingtoscientists,itmayeventheplanet'spopulationsurviveclimatechange.

ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanfoundthatgrowing

plantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesabout

climatechangeaffectingtheworld'ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.Thediscoverywasmadeafterthe

researchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthat

whentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸鹽)-themain

componentofvinegar.

Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,

beforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheones

treatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

It*shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheir

cropsalive."Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld-rice,wheatandmaize-andthe

basicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed（油菜籽），"JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopular

Sciencemagazine.

Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe'salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedin

tryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingcompaniestoamateur

gardeners.Althoughatthispointkeepingthirstyplantsaliveisn'taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthem,Kim

saidheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible."Nowwearetryingtocooperate

withsomefarmers,andalsosomecompanies,tomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,"hesaid.Andforthose

ofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoaway,hopefullythismeanstheend

ofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied.

8.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Theworld'sfoodsupplywillbeincreased.

B.Plantsbettersurvivedroughts.

C.TheArabidopsisisresistanttodroughts.

D.Vinegarcouldbeusedtofightdroughts.

9.Itwasdiscoveredthatacetatecan.

A.beusedbyfarmerstoreplacesoil

B.onlybeproducedbytheArabidopsis

C.helpplantssurvivedryconditions

D.beusedtoimprovepoorsoil

10.Whatarethetargetplantsoftheexperiment?

A.allbreedingspecies.

B?wheatandArabidopisis.

C.riceandmaize.

D.rapeseedandArabidopisis.

11.JongMyongKim'sexperimentoftryingoutthemethod.

A.canmakepeople'stripspleasant

B.turnedoutaworldwidesuccess

C.isassimpleaspouringvinegarovertheplants

D.appealstomanyflowergrowingcompanies

【答案】8.D9.CIO.CH.D

【解析】本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來(lái)清潔你的窗戶。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)醋中生長(zhǎng)

的植物，使它們更耐干旱。

8.D主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存，即能抗擊干旱，故選

Do

9.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后“Thediscoverywas...theArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurvivein

dryweather.ltwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalled

acetate（醋酸鹽）—themaincomponentofvinegar."及第三段"byaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,...had

survivedJ分析可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)Arabidopsis中的主要成分Arabidopsis能讓植物在干旱的條件下生存，故選

Co

10.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld-rice,wheatand

maize一andthebasicplantofbreedingspeciesjapeseed,”可知在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，主要針對(duì)大米，小麥和玉米等。故選

Co

11.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第一句"Kim…h(huán)"salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworld

whoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowing

companiestoamateurgardeners”分析本句可知Kim已與對(duì)此感興趣的花卉種植公司聯(lián)系，也就是吸引這些公

司。故選Do

【考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)說(shuō)】3-——＞首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方法

為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方式也較為多見(jiàn)。通常，

前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)，后面的往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。

【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】3

（2020-天津高考真題）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe

differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihavenever

knownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwo

belongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（驅(qū)策力）countfbrmuchmorethatambition.Galileowasnotmerely

ambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltothe

ground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,"Why?Why?Why?”

Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapture

them.

“Thegreatman,^^saidMencius（孟子），“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart.,,Yetmostofusdoloseit.We

stopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.

Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.

Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhow

terribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenour

curiosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.

Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrange

flowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooks

onflowerarrangement.

Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;thereare

onlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?That'sgood,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthings

done.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTomsCabinwhilecooking.You'retooold?Rememberthat

ThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhen

shewas78.

Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,fbryou'llneverbemorealivethan

youareatthismoment.

1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.proposeadefinition

B.makeacomparison

C.reachaconclusion

D.presentanargument

2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?

A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.

B.Developaquestioningmind.

C.Leadalifeofadventure.

D.Followthefashion.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?

A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.

B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.

C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.

D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?

A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented

B.ReflectionsonHumanNature

C.TheKeystoAchievement

D.NeverTooLatetoLearn

【答案】

1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C

【分析】

本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。

1.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe

differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihavenever

knownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwo

belongtogether.可知，作者經(jīng)過(guò)多年對(duì)人性的觀察，認(rèn)為成就非凡的人和平庸的人的區(qū)別在于好奇心和不滿

足，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫(xiě)第一段的目的是提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。故選D。

2.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問(wèn)：“為什么？為什么？

為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告訴我們，偉大來(lái)自于持久的探索欲望。故選D。

3.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,^^saidMencius（孟子）,“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild's

heart.^^Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.

可知，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問(wèn)：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認(rèn)為“不失去孩

子的心，就是偉大的人?！比欢?，我們大多數(shù)人確實(shí)失去了它。我們不再問(wèn)問(wèn)題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習(xí)俗。我

們只是隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過(guò)培養(yǎng)了一個(gè)善于提問(wèn)的頭腦，來(lái)重新獲得好奇心和不滿。故選B。

4.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的

Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon^;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?Thafsgood,

becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時(shí)出版了他

的第一部小說(shuō)，GrandmaMoses在78歲時(shí)展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知I,這兩段想告訴我們“缺乏天賦

和時(shí)間不是不采取行動(dòng)的理由故選C。

5.

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe

differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihavenever

knownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwo

belongtogether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。由此可知，

C項(xiàng)TheKeystoAchievement（成就的關(guān)鍵）適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

【對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練】3

Lacrosse（曲棍球）isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainfor

war.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.

Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaball

intothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheball

atahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.

TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthe

lacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.

AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.

l.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosse

B.LacrosseinCanada

C.TheHistoryofLacrosse

D.Lacrosse-APopularGameinCanada

【答案】D

【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長(zhǎng)曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，顯然選項(xiàng)D最符合短文的主題。

【考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)說(shuō)】4-一一中心主題在文章中或隱含在全文之中無(wú)明確的主題句

通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步

的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推

導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)

系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。

【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】4

【2020全國(guó)卷2D】

Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysan

enthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhile

otherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdid

everythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihad

severalchildrenandbookswereourmainsource（來(lái)源）ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgo

tothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!It

wasaspecialtimetobondwithmychild