短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1.borrowkeephavekept2.gettoknowknowhaveknown3.catchacoldhaveacoldhavehadacold4.buyhavehavehad5.diebedeadhavebeendead6.openbeopenhavebeenopen7.closebeclosedhavebeenclosed8.getmarriedbemarriedhavebeenmarried9.fallillbeillhavebeenill10.fallasleepbeasleephavebeenasleep11.leavesp.beawayfromsp.Havebeenawayfromsp.12.returnbebackhavebeenback13.gotobedbeinbedhavebeeninbed14.cometotheislandbeontheislandhavebeenontheisland15.gotosp./cometosp.beinsp.Havebeeninsp.16.comeherebeherehavebeenhere17.gotherebetherehavebeenthere18.gooutbeouthavebeenout19.getupbeuphavebeenup20.start/beginbeonhavebeenon21.finish/endbeoverhavebeenover22.becomebehavebeen23.joinbeamemberofhavebeenamemberofbeinhavebeeninarrive→beherebegin(start)→beondie→bedeadcomeback→bebackleave→beaway(from)fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)getup→beupgoout→beoutfinish→beoverputon→wear或beonopen→beopenjoin→bein或beamemberof…close→beclosedgotoschool→beastudentborrow→keepbuy/get→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)moveto→liveincometo→beinmarry→bemarriedsitdown→beseateddress→bedressedfinish/end→beovergettoknow→knowbegintostudy→studycometowork→work短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞能夠從字面上理解，持續(xù)的動作就是延續(xù)動詞，反之就是瞬間動詞（短暫動詞），這個有這種感覺還是較好理解的，你看看下面的詞吧。延續(xù)性動詞:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance,sing,smoke瞬間性動詞:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish終止性動詞：表達不能延續(xù)的動作，即動作發(fā)生后立刻結(jié)束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。終止性動詞的必定式是不能持續(xù)的，因此不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用，而終止性的否認式就能夠和表一段時間的狀語連用，由于否認本身就是能夠延續(xù)的。如：haveacold是持續(xù)性動詞，表達“狀態(tài)”，可與表延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用，不定冠詞不能省略。I′vehadacoldsincemyarrival.（達成n.）Ididn′tgotoschoolbecauseIhadhadabadcoldfordays.catchacold是短暫性動作，表“動態(tài)”：它不能和延續(xù)性時間狀語連用，不定冠詞“a”可有可無，catch可用take,get替代。.但是，若cold前有形容詞修飾時，則不定冠詞不能省。如：Brownhastakenaslightcold.注意下列句子：Ihavecaughtacoldforoveraweek.(×)Ihavehadacoldforoveraweek.()2、延續(xù)性動詞：表達能夠延續(xù)一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。延續(xù)性動詞常不能和表達一種短暫具體的時間狀語連用；這類動詞如用于進行時態(tài)，則能夠和表達一種短暫具體的時刻連用。Heworkedateightyesterdayafternoon.(×)Hewasworkingateightyesterdayafternoon.()3、替代終止性動詞的辦法a)用延續(xù)性動詞替代終止性動詞1、用have替代buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have替代borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold替代catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear替代putonb)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall(get)ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代getup3“be＋back(to)”代returnto,comeback