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Unit3DiverseCultures詞匯講解重難點(diǎn)詞精講admit一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義一詞多義occur辨析義fortuneseek一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義select英語(yǔ)釋義辨析義escape一詞多義搭配義claim英語(yǔ)釋義earn一詞多義中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中的“?!痹趺幢磉_(dá)?1.fortune“福”所對(duì)應(yīng)的英文是goodfortune,直譯過來(lái)就是“好運(yùn)氣”。神秘的“算命人”古今中外均不乏“算命的人”,在英語(yǔ)中這樣的人被稱為fortuneteller。Fortune

500世界500強(qiáng)詞源故事福爾圖娜(Fortuna)是羅馬神話中的命運(yùn)女神。她主管人和國(guó)家的命運(yùn)。她的形象一般為一手執(zhí)羊角,象征豐饒和財(cái)富,一手執(zhí)車輪,象征命運(yùn)的變遷興衰。英語(yǔ)單詞fortune就源自幸運(yùn)女神的名字Fortuna。習(xí)語(yǔ)

wheeloffortune

字面意思是“幸運(yùn)女神的車輪”,比喻命運(yùn)或人生的變遷。“世界500強(qiáng)”是中國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)《財(cái)富》(Fortune)雜志每年評(píng)選的“全球最大五百家公司”排行榜的一種約定俗成的叫法。公司盈利多是躋身世界500強(qiáng)的先決條件,而fortune有“(大量)財(cái)產(chǎn);大筆錢”的含義,這也是用Fortune

500來(lái)表達(dá)世界500強(qiáng)的原因。fortunen

[U]機(jī)遇;運(yùn)氣

chanceorluck,especiallyinthewayitaffectspeople’slives:fortune

cookiesInChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.2012安徽

[C]&[U]時(shí)運(yùn);命運(yùn):tellsb’sfortuneInChinesefolklorethebatisasymbolofgoodfortune.

[C](大量)財(cái)產(chǎn);大筆的錢

alargeamountofmoney:makea/one’sfortuneasmallfortune

(=aquitelargefortune)Heinheritedalargefortunefromhislatefather.成功與否的“命運(yùn)”人生的“命運(yùn)”金錢的“命運(yùn)”—財(cái)運(yùn)時(shí)運(yùn);命運(yùn)機(jī)遇;運(yùn)氣命運(yùn)fortune(基本義)人生的“命運(yùn)”成功與否的“命運(yùn)”(大量)財(cái)產(chǎn);大筆的錢金錢的“命運(yùn)”—財(cái)運(yùn)fortune語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖fortune的同族詞fortunefortunatefortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelymisfortune如果有勇氣承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,那么所犯的錯(cuò)誤也是可以被原諒的。

——李小龍李小龍(1940-1973),師承葉問,出生于美國(guó),祖籍中國(guó)廣東佛山。功夫片的開創(chuàng)者和截拳道創(chuàng)始人、華人武打電影演員,中國(guó)功夫首位全球推廣者、好萊塢首位華人主角。2.admit

vt[正式用語(yǔ)]容許……進(jìn)入

toallowsb/sthtoenteraplace:

Mysonwillbeadmittedto/into

thecompanythisyear.

vt

[正式用語(yǔ)]接納;招收

toallowsbtobecomeamemberofaclub,aschool,etc.:

Patientsmustbecertifiedbeforetheycanbeadmittedto

thehospital.IcriedintheendandI’mashamedtoadmitit.admitv

注:在日常生活中,人們通常說letsbin而不是admit

sbadmit的詞源義是“允許進(jìn)入(letin)”,在此基礎(chǔ)上衍生出各層釋義。

vt&vi承認(rèn)

toagree,oftenunwillingly,thatsthistrue:Weadmitthatwearenowdesperateforagoodfortune.Fewpeoplewilladmit(to)being

raciallyprejudiced.

vt&vi供認(rèn)

tosaythatyouhavedonesthwrongorillegal:Therecomesapointwhenanyreasonablemanwillswallowhisprideandadmitthathemadeamistake.Sheadmitted(to)havingstolen/

stealingthecar.

[U]&[C]接納;進(jìn)入權(quán);準(zhǔn)許入會(huì)/學(xué):

Admissionbyticket.Russiahaslongbeenworkingtogainadmissionto

theWTO.theuniversityadmissionspolicy/office

[C][常作單數(shù)]承認(rèn);供認(rèn):anadmissionof

amistake/failureadmissionn

[U]入場(chǎng)費(fèi):admissioncharges/prices

admittedlyadv

[句子副詞]誠(chéng)然;不可否認(rèn)地:Admittedly,itisratherexpensive,butyoudon’tneedtousemuch.

詞匯拓展admit語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖供認(rèn)admit容許……進(jìn)入(基本義)承認(rèn)“容許”事情“進(jìn)入”內(nèi)心“容許”人“進(jìn)入”組織或機(jī)構(gòu)“容許”物體“進(jìn)入”某地接納;招收容許……進(jìn)入“容許”自己做錯(cuò)了的事“進(jìn)入”公眾視野承認(rèn);供認(rèn)接納;準(zhǔn)許入會(huì)/學(xué);入場(chǎng)費(fèi)進(jìn)入權(quán)admission3.occurvi

[正式用語(yǔ)]

發(fā)生tohappen:

Sucheventsoccuronlywhentheexternalconditionsarefavorable.

出現(xiàn);存在toexistorbefoundsomewhere:

Frostsoftenoccur

inlateNovember.Ifthisdoesnotoccur,yourscriptdisplaysanerrorandexits.occurtosb浮現(xiàn)于腦中;被想起:①itoccurstosbtodosth:Itoccurredtohertophonethepolice.②itoccurstosb+that從句:NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.

2013湖南詞匯拓展

[C]

發(fā)生的事情:everyday

occurrences

[U]發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)?occurrencen根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ),在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。Majorearthquakeslikethisoften_______________(發(fā)生).happen/occur

正式用語(yǔ)辨析occur,happen,takeplace

相同點(diǎn):①三者都可指“發(fā)生”。

三者都是不及物動(dòng)詞,都無(wú)被動(dòng)。不同點(diǎn):occur

指“發(fā)生”時(shí)可與happen換用,但occur較為正式。Byrssaysthisisextremelyworryingasmorerainandmorefloodissuretooccur.happen

主要用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件,多指意外事故、不幸的事。Anunexpectedaccidentcanhappeneverywhereinthecrowdedstreet.takeplace

主要指按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或發(fā)生,可指發(fā)生好事或不好的事。Theconferencewilltakeplaceonthefifthofnextmonth.魁地奇比賽中的找球手seeker在哈利波特的魔法世界中,最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)莫過于魁地奇比賽(Quidditch)。找球手seeker在比賽中起著極為重要的作用,他們負(fù)責(zé)抓取金色飛賊(thegoldensnitch),往往能使自己的球隊(duì)反敗為勝。4.seek詞匯拓展:seekseek(sought,sought)

v

[正式用語(yǔ)或書面用語(yǔ)]

vt&vi尋找

tolookfor

sb/sth:Wesoughtforaplacetoshelterfromtheheavyrain,butindespair.seekjobs/work/employment根據(jù)seek的基本義tolookfor,猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。1.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmay

seekopportunitiesabroad.2.Icannotconclude,itcannotgotoseekanswers.3.Ifyouwanttobeunderstood,youmustfirst

seek

tounderstandothers.尋求

口語(yǔ)trytofind/get征求

口語(yǔ)askfor試圖/企圖

口語(yǔ)

trytodo重要詞塊seekout

找出;找到

:Wemustseekoutasolutiontotheproblem.

playhide-and-seek玩捉迷藏【詞匯拓展】seeker

n[C]

尋找者;追求者:ajob/anattentionseeker5.earnearnpocketmoney賺零花錢topearners最賺錢的人earn

v

vt&vi賺得;掙得:earnascholarship

earnmoney

/anincome/afortune

Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.2018全國(guó)

vt

博得;贏得:Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.earna/one’sliving

謀生:Firstyoushouldconsiderhowtoequipyourselftoearnaliving.?earningsn[C][復(fù)數(shù)]薪水;工資?earnern[C]

賺錢者基本義掙得美好事物6.select玩游戲的時(shí)候,你曾為“挑選”角色苦惱過嗎?“挑選”又如何表達(dá)呢?讀下面的句子,體會(huì)choose和select的區(qū)別:Whateversystemyouchoose,itmustberuninproperly.Shehadtochoosebetweengivingupherjoborhiringananny.SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.2018全國(guó)

Selectsomethingaroundyouthatyousharewiththeotherperson.

2015安徽IneverydayEnglish,peopleusuallysay

choose

ratherthan

select.

select

vt(經(jīng)過認(rèn)真思考而)挑選;精選

tochoosesb/sth,usuallycarefully,fromanumberofsimilarthings:Heselectedanewbrandmobilephoneforhispersonaluse.①selectsb/sthforsth:Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalbasketballteam.②selectsb/sthassth:In2019,TuYouyouwasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresofscienceinthe20thcentury.③selectsb/sthtodosth:JacksonistheonlystudentinmyclasswhohasbeenselectedtotakepartintheInternationalPhysicsContest.

select,choose,pick

三者都有“選擇”之意。select指“精選”,是基于要求從同類的許多事物或人中仔細(xì)辨別后選出最合適的。select比choose更正式。choose

指挑選自己喜歡的人或物;決定或更喜歡做某事。choose

泛指選擇,可不帶賓語(yǔ)。You

choose—Ican’tdecide.pick

指從一群人或一組事物中選出一個(gè)或一些,可泛指選擇,口語(yǔ)用詞。choosetodocan’tchoosebutdosthchoosefrompickoutpickone’swordsselective

adj慎重選擇的;精挑細(xì)選的selection

n[U]&[C]可選之人或物;選集:makeaselection

SelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯選集》詞匯拓展新聞里經(jīng)常報(bào)道某個(gè)國(guó)家的某個(gè)城市發(fā)生了炸彈襲擊,而某個(gè)人或某個(gè)組織“聲稱”對(duì)該起恐襲事件負(fù)責(zé),其中的“聲稱;宣稱”就用claim表示。7.claim

新聞中還常有天災(zāi)人禍的報(bào)道,往往會(huì)提及“……奪去了多少人的生命”,這時(shí)往往用“災(zāi)難或沖突等+claim+life/lives”表達(dá)。當(dāng)認(rèn)為自己有合法權(quán)利提出某項(xiàng)要求時(shí)可以用claim。比如,當(dāng)網(wǎng)購(gòu)的物品有損壞而要求退款(claimthemoneybackfordamages);汽車因刮蹭向投保的保險(xiǎn)公司索賠(claimontheinsurance);認(rèn)領(lǐng)丟失的財(cái)物(claimlostproperty)等等。claimv

vi聲稱;宣稱

tosaythatsthistrue,withouthavinganyproof:

Thesituationremainsconfusedasbothsidesclaimsuccess.①claimtobe/dosth:TheUScouldclaimtobebothamilitaryandaneconomicsuperpower.②claim+(that)從句:Whilesomepeopleclaimthatthattheycanpredictthefuture,thereisnoscientificbasisbehindit.

vt&vi(根據(jù)權(quán)利)要求;索要;認(rèn)領(lǐng)toaskforsthbecauseyouthinkit’syourlegalrighttohaveit:Youcan

claimback

thetaxonyourpurchases.Youcanclaimon

yourinsuranceforthatcoatyouleftonthetrain.

vt

[尤用于新聞報(bào)道]奪去(生命)tocausesb’sdeath:Over3,000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquake.人教新必修③–3n

[C]

聲稱;斷言:Imakenoclaim

tounderstandmodernart.

(對(duì)事物的)權(quán)利;所有權(quán):Nowthemanwhoboughttheclaimhiredanengineertoexaminetherockstructureofthemine.

要求;索賠:Youcanmakeaclaimoninsurancepolicy.

8.escape你玩過密室脫逃(RoomEscape)嗎?試想一下自己被困在一間門被鎖上的房間里,在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi),必須依靠各種細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理,再加上各種道具的配合才能把里面的每一扇門都打開,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)“逃”出去。是不是很有意思?這個(gè)游戲也恰恰說明了“escape”這個(gè)詞最核心的意義:(從……)逃走。escape詞源escape的基本義:(從……)逃走escape(逃脫):脫掉身上的斗篷得以逃脫。在古代歐洲的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上,被擊敗的戰(zhàn)士為了保命,往往會(huì)使出“金蟬脫殼”的招數(shù),在被敵人抓住斗篷時(shí)脫掉斗篷而擺脫敵人,或在被敵人追趕時(shí)主動(dòng)脫掉斗篷,趁敵人去撿斗篷時(shí)趕緊逃掉。因?yàn)樵诠糯?,一件斗篷算是不菲的?cái)產(chǎn),有錢人才穿得起。英語(yǔ)單詞escape(逃脫)就跟古人脫掉斗篷保命的做法有關(guān)。它由ex(outof)+cappa(cape斗篷)構(gòu)成,字面意思就是“脫掉斗篷”。因此,英語(yǔ)單詞

escape可以按以下方式記憶其拼寫:escape=es(=ex,outof脫掉)+cape(斗篷)。escapev

vi逃走;逃跑:Yasinhadseriouslyhurthimselfwhiletryingto

escapefrom

thepolice.

vt&vi逃避;擺脫:escapesb’sattention/notice

He

narrowlyescaped

deathinthe2008Wenchuanbigearthquake.ThesouthernpartofYunnanisthebestdistrictofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.人教新必修③–3escapedoingsth:

Hetriedtoescapebeingpunishedbydivingintoariver.

vi&vt[不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)]被忘掉:Shedoesn’tlookfamiliar,and

hernameescapesme

(=Ican’trememberhername).

vi(氣體、液體等)泄漏:Asmallholeallowedsmoketoescapefromthetop.2010福建

escapen.

[C]&[U]逃跑;逃脫;逃避:make

one’s

escapeDidhe

haveanarrowescapefromthebigfire?Thepracticeswereanescapefrom

mytroublesanddepression.

[C]

泄漏;出口:Canyousmellanescapeofgasinthekitchen?afireescape(氣體、液體等)泄漏escape

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖氣體/液體從容器中“逃走”從抽象的困境中“逃走”從被圍困的地方“逃走”逃避;擺脫逃走;逃跑從記憶中“逃走”被忘掉逃跑;逃脫泄漏;出口vn從……逃走基本義逃避

小貼士電腦鍵盤上的“Esc鍵”你經(jīng)常用嗎?其實(shí),Esc鍵就是英語(yǔ)escape的縮寫,這個(gè)按鍵也叫做escapekey,起到退出或取消的功能。想一想Esc鍵和“逃走”有什么聯(lián)系?重難點(diǎn)詞精講settle一詞多義搭配義一詞多義suit辨析義collection隱喻名詞動(dòng)詞化mild一詞多義item一詞多義contain熟詞生義material一詞多義一詞多義fold

vt&vi折疊;折起來(lái);合攏:fold

thepaperinhalf

foldone’sarmsfoldanumbrellaTheflyingvehiclehasfourwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.2017

全國(guó)改

vt包;裹:foldababyinablanket將布料等“折疊”起來(lái)包裹人或物基本義9.foldv

n

[C]褶;褶痕:foldsofadressCutthepaperalongthefold.?foldingadj[只用于名詞前]可折疊的:

afoldingbikecollect

v

vt收集;采集(gather):collectdata/evidence/information

vt收藏:Stampcollectorsusuallycollectstampsonlyfromcertaincountriesorregions.

2012江西

vi&vt募集;收?。ㄗ饨稹⒍惖龋?/p>

Meanwhile,MrBelnapwasreachingouttofriendstocollectmoney.

vi&vt積聚(accumulate);聚集(gather):Weshouldcollectsoftdrinkcanstoprotecttheenvironment.Acrowdbegantocollectinfrontoftheembassy.

vt取走(某物);接走(某人)(pickup):Aftertherubbishissorted,itneedstobecollectedandthentakentotherecyclingcenter.col-(together一起)+lect(togather收集)→收集到一起→收集(基本義)10.collectcollectionn

(collect+-ion)

[U]收集;采集;[U]&[C]收?。篢hepaintingcomesfromhisprivatecollection.rubbishcollection

[C]

(故事、詩(shī)歌、音樂等的)集子;專輯:

acollectionofshortstoriesandpoems

[C]

(常指同類的)收集物;收藏品:

astamp/coincollection

[C]募捐;募集的錢:acollectionforthepooracollectionbox

[C]

一批物品;一群人:acollectionof

interestingpeopleMyfatherhasacollectionof

80,000booksand90kindsofmagazinestowhichIreturneverynowandthen.collect&collection

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“收集”物品收集;采集

收藏積聚;聚集collectioncollect收集;采集;收取

(常指同類的)收集物;收藏品一批物品;一群人收集collect基本義取走(某物);接走(某人)

募集;收取(租金、稅等)

募捐;募集的錢“收集”同一類物品并保存“收集”捐款、租金、稅金等“收集”分散的東西或人使集中“收集”物或人并將其帶走(故事、詩(shī)歌、音樂等的)集子;專輯

溫和的;溫柔的:Hehastoomildanaturetogetangry,evenifhegoodcause.

(天氣)溫暖的;暖和的反cold:Hepreferstoliveinamildwinter.

輕微的;不嚴(yán)重的

(slight):

mildsunburnHelookedatherinmildsurprise.I’vehadoccasionalmildheadachesallmylife.

味淡的;不濃的反hot:mildcheese基本義——溫和的11.mildadj人性格、態(tài)度“溫和的”天氣“溫和的”疾病狀況等“溫和的”味道“溫和的”(天氣)溫暖的;暖和的溫和的;溫柔的溫和的mild(基本義)天氣“溫和的”人性格、態(tài)度“溫和的”輕微的;不嚴(yán)重的

疾病狀況等“溫和的”mild

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖味淡的;不濃的

味道“溫和的”12.settle猜猜settle的釋義?Rememberthateverythingcanbesettledbydiscussion.?I’mgladtolearnthatyou’vesettleddowninBostonandaregettingusedtothelocalwayoflife.?TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.

vi&vt坐下;(使)處于舒適的位置

togetintoorputsbintoacomfortableposition:She

settledherselfintoherchairandstartedtoread.

vi&vt(移民、殖民)定居(于)tomakeaplaceyourpermanenthome:Shehaddecidedto

settle

permanentlyinFrancesincethen.

vi&vt對(duì)某事達(dá)成一致意見;解決:Theyagreedtotryto

settletheirargument/disputebynegotiation.

vt

[常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)]確定;決定:

Itwassettledthat

theywouldgetmarriedinJune.settlev

詞源義cometorest1.Thisshould

settle

yourstomach.2.Abutterflysettledonaredflowerinthegarden.3.Backinthehotelwherewestayed,thesilencehadsettledoverthewaitingcrowd.4.AnuneasycalmhassettledoverLosAngeles.5.Thehousehadbeenemptyforyears,anddusthadsettledonallthefurniture.

根據(jù)settle的基本義cometorest,猜猜下列句子中settle的意思。使平靜降落圍繞圍繞降落停止移動(dòng)、定下來(lái)settle基本義人停止移動(dòng)人停止奔波停止或結(jié)束爭(zhēng)論分歧等對(duì)某事達(dá)成一致意見;解決定居坐下;(使)處于舒適的位置計(jì)劃、安排、行程等定下來(lái)(使)平靜;(使)安定情緒等定下來(lái)抽象事物停止移動(dòng)降落;停留圍繞;充滿物停止移動(dòng)確定;決定settle語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖settledown

舒適地坐下/躺下:Theyputupthetent,andsettleddowntoeatthesandwiches.2009江西

安頓下來(lái);安定下來(lái):Hehopedtogetmarriedandsettledowninthecountryside.

(使)安靜;(使)平靜:Shedidn’tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.settle(down)to

開始專心于;著手認(rèn)真做:Someyoungpeoplecouldn’tsettledowntotheirownbusiness.settlefor

勉強(qiáng)接受;將就:

Shecouldn’taffordthehouseshereallywanted,soshehadtosettleforsecondbest.重要搭配詞匯拓展settlement

n

[C]

定居點(diǎn)

[U]

移民;殖民;開拓:thesettlementoftheAmericanWest

[C]協(xié)議:cometo/

reachapeacesettlement

with

[U]

解決;處理:

thesettlementofanissuesettlern

[C]

移居者;殖民者13.materialn.

基本義——材料

[C]&[U]

[常用復(fù)數(shù)]材料;原料:reading/teachingmaterials

Tryanotherjob.Youarenotreally

doctor

materialatall.

[C]&[U]布料:Thecurtainmaterialismachinedinafactory.

[U]素材:Inmyversionofthestory,Iaddedsomenewmaterial.

adj

[只用于名詞前]物質(zhì)的;物質(zhì)上的詞匯拓展

materiallyadv

物質(zhì)上做衣服等的“材料”用于寫作等的“材料”14.suitbusinesssuitswimmingsuitsuit

詞源義是“跟隨的一群人”,后指配備給隨從的統(tǒng)一的制服,最后演變成現(xiàn)在的套裝、西服。n

[C](一套)衣服:abusiness/swimmingsuitvt(服裝、顏色等)適合;對(duì)(某人)方便;中……的意:Ifoundaneveningdressthatsuitedmeperfectly.Ifwemeetat9a.m.,wouldthatsuityou?ThereisChinesefoodtosuiteveryone’staste,withtraditionaldishesfromalloverChina.人教新必修③–3suit...to

使……適合:Agoodteachersuitshislessontotheageofhispupils.?suitedadj[不用于名詞前,與for/to連用]適合的:bebestsuitedto/forsuit,fit,match辨析三者都可用作動(dòng)詞,有“適合”之意。suit

主要指服裝款式、顏色或花樣等適合,也可指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、身份等。Ifwemetat2:00intheafternoon,wouldthatsuityou?Idon’tknowwhatprofessionwouldsuitme.Veryspicyfooddoesn’tsuitmystomach.

fit

多指大小、形狀等合適,引申為“一致”“吻合”。Thecoatsheboughtyesterdayfits(her)exactly.Histalentsarelimited,andscarcelyfithimforthispost.match

多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等相匹配、協(xié)調(diào)。Thecurtainsandthecarpetsmatchperfectly.Willyoumatchmethiscloth?衣服穿在身上漂亮用suit,穿在身上不大不小用fit,協(xié)調(diào)、匹配用match15.item這里的item

指的是“新聞”“報(bào)道”的意思,平時(shí)我們?cè)陂喿x英語(yǔ)原版文章時(shí),這兩個(gè)國(guó)外網(wǎng)站,也可以供我們選擇。讀書破萬(wàn)卷,下筆如有神。外刊文章讀多了,寫出的文章自然也會(huì)非常地道。itemn[C]

(表格、目錄、數(shù)據(jù)等的)項(xiàng)目;細(xì)目:Youhavetochoosethecorrectcategoryforthisitem.

一件商品/物品:

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