2024版新教材高考英語全程一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)天天練22Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

課時(shí)天天練(二十二)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·河北省衡水中學(xué)第三次素養(yǎng)評(píng)估]Likemanyotherfive-year-olds,JeanieLowofHouston,Texas,woulduseastool(凳子)tohelpherreachthebathroomsink.However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.Jeaniedecidedtomakeastoolattachedtothebathroomcabinetdoorunderthesink.Shecutaboardofwoodintotwopieces,eachabouttwofeetwideandonefootlong.Usingmetalhinges(鉸鏈),Jeanieattachedonepieceofthewoodtothefrontofthecabinetdoor,andthesecondpiecetothefirst.Thefirstpiecewassetjusthighenoughsothatwhenitswungouthorizontallyfromthecabinetdoor,thesecondpiecewouldswingdownfromthefirst,justtouchingtheground,andsoservingasasupportforthefirstpieceofthewood.Thiscreatedaconvenient,strongplatformforanypersontooshorttoreachthesink.Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinplacebymagnets(磁鐵).Jeaniecalledherinvention“theKiddieStool”．Jeanie'sKiddieStoolwonfirstplaceinherschool'scontest.Twoyearslater,itwasawardedfirstprizeagainatHouston'sfirstannualInventionFair.Asaresult,JeaniewasinvitedtomakeanumberofpublicappearanceswithherKiddieStool,andwasfeaturedonlocalTVaswellasinnewspapers.ManypeoplefoundthestoryoftheKiddieStoolinspiringbecauseitshowedthatwithapairofobservanteyes,anyonecanbeaninventor.1．Accordingtothepassage,whydidJeanieLowinventtheKiddieStool?A．Theoldstoolwasn'ttallenoughforher.B．Shewasinvitedtoenteraninventioncontest.C.Otherfive-year-oldshadproblemsreachingthesink.D．Theplasticstoolwasnotfirmandoftengotintheway.2．WhatisthedesignofJeanie'sKiddieStoollike?A．Theplatformissupportedbytwometalhinges.B．Thetwowoodenpiecesswingfromlefttoright.C．Thewoodenpiecesarekeptinplacebyhingesandmagnets.D．TheKiddieStoolwillswingoutonlywhenthecabinetdooropens.3．WhatarethecharacteristicsofJeanie'sKiddieStool?A．Steadyandconvenient.B．Fragileandsingle-use.C．Conventionalandportable.D．Foldableandrecyclable.4．Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A．Whatissuitableisthebest.B．Successcomesfromfailure.C．Necessityisthemotherofinvention.D.Geniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.B[2023·重慶高三教學(xué)質(zhì)檢]An89-year-oldman,ManfredSteiner,hasreachedagoalhespent20yearsworkingtowardandnearlyalifetimethinkingabout:earninghisPh.D.andnowheisaphysicist.Steinervaluesthisdegreebecauseitiswhathealwayswantedandbecauseheovercamehealthproblemsthatcouldhaveaffectedhisstudies.“ButImadeit,andthiswasthemostsatisfactorypointinmylife，”hesaid.Whenhewasyoung,SteinerwantedtobecomeaphysicistafterreadingaboutAlbertEinstein.Buthismotherandunclepersuadedhimthatstudyingmedicinewouldbeabetterchoice.Heearnedhismedicaldegreein1955andmovedtotheUSsoonafter.Steinerstudiedhematology(血液學(xué))atTuftsUniversityandbiochemistryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.HebecameafullprofessorandledthehematologysectionofthemedicalschoolatBrownUniversityfrom1985to1994.SteinerhelpedestablisharesearchprograminhematologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Hedirectedthatprogramuntilheretiredfrommedicinein2000.Steinerfoundmedicalresearchpleasing,butitwasnotquitethesameashisinterestinphysics.“Itwassomethinglikeawishthatwasneverfulfilled,thatalwaysstuckinthebackofmyhead，”hesaid.Atage70,hestartedtakingundergraduateclasses.PhysicsprofessorBradMarstonwassurprisedwhenSteinerenteredhisquantummechanicsclass.ButhebecameSteiner'sadviserforhisdissertation(學(xué)位論文)afterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubjectandhowhardheworked.“Hehaswrittenmanypapersinmedicalscience,morepapersthanI'vewritteninphysics，”Marstonsaid.“Onethingthat'sreallytrueaboutManfredisthatheperseveres.”AftertheuniversitypublishedastoryaboutSteineronitswebsite,peopleacrosstheUScontactedhimtoaskforadviceonhowtogoaftertheirdreamslaterinlife.Hisadviceis:Dowhatyoulovetodo.5．WhydidSteinervaluehisdegreeinphysics?A．Becauseitsolvedhishealthproblems.B．Becauseitwashislong-pursueddream.C．Becauseitmethismother'sexpectation.D．BecauseitwasinspiredbyAlbertEinstein.6．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Steiner'scontributionstoteaching.B．Steiner'sresearchesafterretirement.C．Steiner'sachievementsinhematology.D．Steiner'sperformancesatTuftsUniversity.7．WhatimpressedProfessorMarstonmostaboutSteiner?A．Histakingundergraduateclassesat70.B．Hiswritingmorepapersinphysics.C．Hisstickingtobecomingaphysicist.D．HisbeingarolemodelforAmericans.8．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSteiner?A．Activeandopen-minded.B．Enthusiasticandeasy-going.C．Intelligentandwarm-hearted.D．Perseverantandhard-working.[答題區(qū)]題號(hào)12345678答案Ⅱ.閱讀七選五[2023·貴陽高三適應(yīng)性考試]Nomatterwhatyourgoalsareinlife,thereisonegreatlawthatyouneedtoobeyinordertobesuccessful：Nooneelseisgoingtoprovidetheladder(梯子)ofsuccessforyou.__1__Fromthedayyouleaveyourparents'house,youareresponsibleforyourlifeandthechoicesyoumake.Ifyouwantabetterlife,youneedtomakebetterdecisions.__2__However，itdoesn'tchangeanything.Onlyyoucanchangeyourlifebychangingthechoicesyoumake.Takeresponsibilityforeverythinginyourlife.Evenifit'snotinyourdirectcontrol,youcanalwayschoosehowyourespond.__3__Ifyouchoosewhatisfunandeasyoverwhatisnecessary,youwillneverreachthelevelsofsuccessandhappinessyouarecapableofachievinginyourlife.That'sbecauseeverygreatvictoryrequiresgreatsacrifice.Ifsuccesswereeasy,everybodywouldbesuccessful.Thereisnothingthatyoucan'tachievewithhardwork.Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswillsuddenlychangethroughsomemagicaleventinthefuture.__4__Yourlifechangesonlytotheextentthatyouchange.Nothingwilleverchangeifyoudon'tchangewhatyoudodaily.Agreatwaytoactivelycreateyourfutureistoaskyourself：IfIalreadyachievedmygoals,howwouldIactonadailybasis？WhatbookswouldIread,howoftenwouldIworkout,andhowwouldIspendmytimeattheoffice?__5__A．Butthatisnotthecase.B．Nooneelseisresponsibleforyourlife.C．Nowthesequestionsseemlikemagictoyou.D．Nothingelsecanbethedriveforyoursuccess.E.Onceyouanswerthesequestions,youknowwhattodo.F．Thebiggestenemytosuccessistakingthepathofleastresistance.G．Youcanblameotherpeopleforyourlackofhappinessalllifelong.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.語法填空[2023·泉州市高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)(一)]Runningformorethan20，000kilometers,theGreatWallisahistoricallandmarkofunparalleledglory,butclimbing1.________ishardwork.Noteveryonehasthestrengthor2.________(determine)toclimbitstallstepsandsteepslopes(斜坡).Onlyahandfulmayhavethespecialskillsto3.________(physical)participateintherestorationofthisUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.However,arecently4.________(launch)WeChatminiprogramisallowingeveryhistoryenthusiasttobeaheroinavirtualworld,5.________onenotjustclimbstheGreatWall,butalsoprotectsit.TheGreatWallE-tour,co-producedbytheChinaFoundationForCulturalHeritageConservationandtheinternetgiantTencent,6.________(go)onlineonJune11tomarktheannual7.________(nation)CulturalandNaturalHeritageDay.Offeringanalmostsimulated(模擬的)experienceofclimbingtheGreatWallandhelpinginpreservationwork,theprogramhascreatedalotofenthusiastic8.________(response)inrecentweeksandwonalargefanbase.Thanks9.________cutting-edgedigitaltechnology,thevirtualmodelis“detailedtomillimeters”.Around50，000high-definitionpictureshavebeenused10.________(offer)userstheremarkableexperience.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________課時(shí)天天練(二十二)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。通過講述珍妮·洛發(fā)明“兒童凳子”的經(jīng)過，來表明只要有一雙善于觀察的眼睛，任何人都可以成為發(fā)明家。1．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.”可知，因?yàn)樗芰系首硬唤Y(jié)實(shí)，經(jīng)常礙事，所以珍妮·洛發(fā)明了兒童凳子。2．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，珍妮兒童凳子是把這些木塊用鉸鏈和磁鐵固定在一起設(shè)計(jì)的。3．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可推知，珍妮兒童凳子的特點(diǎn)是穩(wěn)定、方便。4．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，珍妮是因?yàn)樗芰咸つ_凳不穩(wěn)定，而有時(shí)又必需使用凳子，所以才發(fā)明了兒童凳子。說明需求是發(fā)明之母。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了斯坦納在血液學(xué)領(lǐng)域成就斐然，但是他的夢(mèng)想是做一名物理學(xué)家。他在70歲時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)本科課程，終于在89歲時(shí)獲得物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。他因此成了美國(guó)追求夢(mèng)想者的榜樣。5．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Steinervaluesthisdegreebecauseitiswhathealwayswanted”可知，斯坦納重視他的物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位是因?yàn)檫@是他長(zhǎng)期追求的夢(mèng)想。6．答案與解析：C段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了斯坦納在血液學(xué)領(lǐng)域的過往和成就。7．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容尤其是“Hehaswritten...heperseveres.”可知，給物理學(xué)教授布拉德·馬斯頓留下最深刻印象的是他堅(jiān)持不懈地要成為物理學(xué)家這件事。8．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“howhardheworked”以及“thatheperseveres”可知，斯坦納很刻苦并且堅(jiān)持不懈地為夢(mèng)想而努力。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了成功需要遵守的法則。1．答案與解析：B根據(jù)本段第一句可知，本段講到了成功需要遵守的法則，再結(jié)合空前句可知，B項(xiàng)與空前一句句式結(jié)構(gòu)一致，意義連貫，符合語境，且B項(xiàng)中的responsible與下句中的responsible相呼應(yīng)。2．答案與解析：G根據(jù)空后的“However,itdoesn'tchangeanything.”可推斷，空處講到的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是我們常常做但卻沒有任何意義、不能對(duì)自己的人生做出任何改變的行為。3．答案與解析：F空處是本段的主旨句，根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，成功的道路從不簡(jiǎn)單，選擇有趣和簡(jiǎn)單的道路而不是必需的道路不會(huì)通向成功和幸福。因此，成功的最大敵人就是選擇阻力最小的途徑。4．答案與解析：A根據(jù)空前一句可知，人們常常認(rèn)為他們的生活會(huì)因?yàn)槲磥淼哪硞€(gè)神奇事件而突然改變；根據(jù)空后一句可知，你的生活只會(huì)隨著你的改變而改變。前后句意相反，因此，空處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。5．答案與解析：E空前是問句，因此，