2024版新教材高考英語全程一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時天天練32Unit1ScienceFiction新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

課時天天練(三十二)UNIT1SCIENCEFICTIONⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·山東省德州市高三期中]Amanwearingsunglassesgrabsthemicandstandsinarelaxedposturereadytomaketheaudiencelaugh.Seeinghoweasilyhemoves,onecanhardlynoticethatthestylishcomedian,GaoXiang,hasanyproblemswithvision.Gaowasdiagnosedwiththerareeyedisease—Stargardt.Initially,herefusedtoacceptthecruelsituation.Hekeptescapingthefactuntil2013,whenhecouldusethecomputermoreefficientlywiththehelpofspecialprogramsdesignedtohelpvisuallydisabledpeople.Consequently,hegotthecouragetobefrankabouthisandfoundthatpeopledidn'tcareabouttheproblemashehadimagined.Hisworkingabilityalsohelpedremoveanyfeelingsofinferioritythathehad.Hetriedtobecomementallystrongertoacceptrealityandgethislifebackontrack.Twoyearsago,hedecidedtobecomeafull-timestand-upcomedian.WhathasbeenmotivatingGaotobesoactiveinthecomedyindustryishiseagernesstodrawthepublic'sattentiontothedisease.“Asitisararedisease,medicalinstitutionsandcompaniesmightlackthedrivingforcetomakegreateffortstofindacure，”hesays.“IwanttounitethepatientsinChinaandvoiceoutloudoururgentdemands.”Besides,heandtwofriendslaunchedapublicaccountonWeChatcalledStargardtCareCenter,throughwhichtheyshareinspiringstoriesofpeoplesufferingfromtheeyedisorder,instructionsforthoseonhowtousecomputersandtranslationsofforeignessaysthatexplorethepossibilitiesofcuringthedisease.Bynow,theaccounthasmanagedtoattractmorethan1，000Stargardtpatientsandtheirfamilymembers.AndsomeNon-GovernmentalOrganisationsalsohavegotintouchwiththemtoseeiftheycouldprovidehelptothecommunity.“Stand-upcomedyhassavedmeandenabledmetomeetinterestingpeopleanddowhatisworthdoing，”Gaosays.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inferiority”inParagraph2mean?A．Beingproud.B．Beingbored.C．Beingunconfident.D．Beingmodest.2．WhatdroveGaotobecomeacomedian?A．Hiseagernessformoney.B．Hisfaithinchallenginghimself.C．Hisabilityinperformance.D．Hisdesiretofightthedisease.3．WhatcanpeopledowiththeGao'spublicaccount?A．Thevisuallydisabledcanlearncomputerskills.B．Expertscanprovidemedicalhelpforthepatients.C．Patientscanreadoriginalarticlesaboutthedisease.D.Comedianscanpostjokestomeetinterestingpeople.4．WhichofthefollowingcouldbestdescribeGaoXiang?A．Sensibleandtolerant.B．Positiveandinspiring.C．Talentedandaggressive.D．Enthusiasticandpunctual.B[2023·山東省名校聯(lián)盟高三診斷]Whenrobotsappeartoengagewithpeopleanddisplayhuman-likeemotions,peoplemaythinkofthemascapableof“thinking”，oractingontheirownbeliefsanddesiresratherthantheirprograms,accordingtotheresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.“Therelationshipbetweenhuman-likeshape,human-likebehaviorandthetendencytoattribute(把……歸因于)independentthoughtandintentionalbehaviortorobotsisyettobeunderstood，”saidstudyauthorAgnieszkaWykowska,PhD,aprincipalinvestigatorattheItalianInstituteofTechnology.“Asartificialintelligenceincreasinglybecomesapartofourlives,itisimportanttounderstandhowinteractingwitharobotthatdisplayshuman-likebehaviorsmightcausehigherlikelihoodofattributionofintentionalagencytotherobot.”Acrossthreeexperimentsinvolving119participants,researchersexaminedhowindividualswouldseeahuman-likerobot,theiCub,aftersocializingwithitandwatchingvideostogether.Beforeandafterinteractingwiththerobot,participantscompletedaquestionnairethatshowedthempicturesoftherobotindifferentsituationsandaskedthemtochoosewhethertherobot'smotivationineachsituationwasmechanicalorintentional.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhowatchedvideoswiththehuman-likerobotweremorelikelytoratetherobot'sactionsasintentional,ratherthanprogrammed,whilethosewhoonlyinteractedwiththemachine-likerobotwerenot.Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.Itishuman-likebehaviorthatmightbecrucialforbeingdeemedasanintentionalagent.AccordingtoWykowska,thesefindingsshowthatpeoplemightbemorelikelytobelieveartificialintelligenceiscapableofindependentthoughtwhenitcreatestheimpressionthatitcanbehavejustlikehumans.“Thiscouldinformthedesignofsocialrobotsofthefuture，”shesaid.5．Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointheexperiment?A．Behavelikearobot.B．Completeaquestionnaire.C．Showpicturesoftherobot.D．WatchthebehavioroftheiCub.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deemed”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Believed. B．Persuaded.C．Performed. D．Advocated.7．Whatcouldthefindingsbeappliedto?A．Addressingsometechniqueproblems.B．Creatingsocialrobotsjustlikehumans.C．Guidingthedesignoffuturesocialrobots.D．Developingartificialintelligenceindustry.8．Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Human-likeRobotsCanInteractwithHumansB.Human-likeRobotsCanBehaveJustlikeHumansC．ArtificialIntelligenceHasBecomePartofOurLivesD．Human-likeRobotsMayBeBelievedtoHaveMentalStates[答題區(qū)]題號12345678答案Ⅱ.閱讀七選五[2023·嘉興市高三基礎(chǔ)測試]We'vebeentest-drivingsomenewcarsrecently.Iappreciatethecleanandsimpledesigninside.Forsomereasons,manycarmakershavebeenshiftedfromphysicalcontrolstotouchscreens.__1__Insteadoflotsofphysicalbuttons，youhaveasingletouchscreen.Youcanuseittomovebetweenthedifferentcontrols.Thetouchscreenisasinglesystemformanycontrolsinyourcar.Sosimple?Actually,notsimpleatall.__2__Itwillalwaysbemorechallengingtouse.Itwilllikelytakemoretimetouseforeachfunction.Worsestill,thetouchscreenmayalsoputyouatgreaterriskofbeinginanaccident.Inacarwithbuttonsandotherphysicalcontrols,youcanoftenperformthesametaskswithoutlooking.__3__Andyoumostlikelyreceivephysicalfeedback(反饋)throughyourfingerslettingyouknowyou'vesucceeded.Buttonsareprobablyfasterthantouchscreens.Withabutton,youreachoverandeasilygetyourfingersonit.__4__Theymaybeeffective,butmanyalsorequiremultipleattemptstowork.Ifyou'veeveraskedyourphonetodosomething,youknowtherearestillchallengesinspeechrecognition.However,ifyouneedtousethetouchscreentocontrolsystemsinyourcar,Ihaveafewsuggestions.Getyourbasicsetuprunningbeforeyourcarisrunningdowntheroad.Ifyouhaveapassenger,letthatpersoncontrolthetouchscreen.__5__A．Butthisalsomeansextrastepsforeachaction.B.Thetouchscreenisfarmorecomplexthanbuttons.C.Newcarsareoftencompletelytouchscreen-controlled.D．Physicalcontrolshavegreatadvantagesovertouchscreens.E．Alwayskeepyoureyesontheroadinsteadofthefancyscreen.F．Youknowwhenyourhandisintherightplacetousethecontrols.G．Somecarswithtouchscreencontrolscanrespondtovoicecommands.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.語法填空[2023·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研]Sometimeswhenweeat,whatwe'rehungryforisn'tfood—it'sthetasteofthememory.Studiesshowthatfoodswethinkof1.________comfortfoodsdon'tcontainanymagicalproperties.Whatmightbecomforting2.________(be)thefeelingofclosenesstootherpeopletheycanbring.Thoughtsaboutcomfortfoods3.________(link)tocalories,warmthorasenseofwell-being.Butwhatwedon'tthinkaboutisthatcomfortfoodsalsoprovidesomethingsocialforus,accordingtoShiraGabriel,4.________associateprofessorofpsychologyattheStateUniversityofNewYork，Buffalo.Gabriel'sstudyfoundthatpeople5.________havestrongbondswithothersaremorelikelytousecomfortfoodsafteranargumentorotheremotionally6.________(stress)occasions.Comfortfoodsareoftenthoughttoberichincaloriesorfullofsugar.Nevertheless,otherstudieshavealso7.________(evident)shownthatthelinebetweencomfortandfoodisn'tasclearas“junkfood＝happiness”.8.________(eat)so-called“junkfood”doesactivatethe9.________(brain)rewardsystem,butthehappinessisshort-livedbecauseit'snotthedeeprewardofrealcomfort.Butthereissomethingintheabilityofcomfortfoods10.________(arouse)thebelongingandmemory.Tasteandsmellstayfreshforalongtime.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________課時天天練(三十二)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了高翔雖然患有眼疾但是憑借樂觀積極的人生態(tài)度，成為了一名全職單口相聲演員，還建立了公眾號來幫助視障人士。1．答案與解析：C詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Hetriedtobecomementallystrongertoacceptrealityandgethislifebackontrack.”可知，他試圖在心理上變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，以接受現(xiàn)實(shí)，說明他的工作能力也幫助他消除了不自信的感覺。故畫線詞意思是“不自信”。2．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，與疾病作斗爭的愿望驅(qū)使高翔成為一名喜劇演員。3．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“‘Besides,heandtwofriendslaunchedapublicaccountonWeChatcalledStargardtCareCenter,throughwhichtheyshareinspiringstoriesofpeoplesufferingfromtheeyedisorder,instructionsforthoseonhowtousecomputersandtranslationsofforeignessaysthatexplorethepossibilitiesofcuringthedisease.’”可知，視障人士可以用高翔的公眾號學(xué)習(xí)電腦技能。4．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段及最后一段“‘Stand-upcomedyhassavedmeandenabledmetomeetinterestingpeopleanddowhatisworthdoing，’Gaosays.”可知，高翔積極樂觀且鼓舞人心。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。有著類似人類行為的機(jī)器人是否有獨(dú)立思考的能力，研究者們對此進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，并得出了一定的可能性。5．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Beforeandafterinteractingwiththerobot,participantscompletedaquestionnairethatshowedthempicturesoftherobotindifferentsituationsandaskedthemtochoosewhethertherobot'smotivationineachsituationwasmechanicalorintentional.”可知，參加者在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被要求完成一份調(diào)查問卷。6．答案與解析：A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.”可知，現(xiàn)在的研究并不能讓人們相信類人機(jī)器人真正擁有思想和情感，這種類似人類的行為可能是被視為有意行為的關(guān)鍵。由此可知，畫線詞deemed與上文中的believe意思相近。7．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Thiscouldinformthedesignofsocialrobotsofthefuture，’shesaid.”可知，研究結(jié)果可能被應(yīng)用于對未來社交機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)的指導(dǎo)上。8．答案與解析：D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenrobotsappeartoengagewithpeopleanddisplayhuman-likeemotions,peoplemaythinkofthemascapableof‘thinking’，oractingontheirownbeliefsanddesiresratherthantheirprograms”和最后一段中的“AccordingtoWykowska,thesefindingsshowthatpeoplemightbemorelikelytobelieveartificialintelligenceiscapableofindependentthoughtwhenitcreatestheimpressionthatitcanbehavejustlikehumans.”可知，本文主要講述了有著類似人類行為的機(jī)器人可能具有獨(dú)立思考的能力。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五語篇類型：科技類說明文主題語境：人與社會——科技發(fā)展——觸摸屏汽車和有按鈕控制的汽車【語篇解讀】文章比較了觸摸屏汽車和有按鈕以及其他物理控制汽車的區(qū)別，說明觸摸屏汽車操作起來一點(diǎn)兒也不簡單，還可能讓我們面臨更大的事故風(fēng)險；而有按鈕的汽車操作更快捷。1．答案與解析：C根據(jù)前一句話可知，許多汽車制造商已經(jīng)從物理控制轉(zhuǎn)向了觸摸屏；又結(jié)合后面的“Insteadoflotsofphysicalbuttons,youhaveasingletouchscreen”可推知，空處應(yīng)提到新汽車為觸摸屏，故選項(xiàng)C符合語境。2．答案與解析：B分析語境尋線索：空前說了觸摸屏汽車操作起來一點(diǎn)兒也不簡單，空后“Itwillalwaysbemorechallengingtouse”指觸摸屏汽車使用起來更加有挑戰(zhàn)性。由此可推知，空處應(yīng)涉及觸摸屏汽車的缺點(diǎn)。對比選項(xiàng)定答案：B項(xiàng)“觸摸屏要比按鍵復(fù)雜得多”符合語境。3．答案與解析：F空前一句說通常情況下你可以不用看就能完成同樣的任務(wù)，根據(jù)常識可推知對按鈕汽車而言，人們可以不用看，通過將手放在正確的位置對它進(jìn)行控制，故選項(xiàng)F符合語境。4．答案與解析：G根據(jù)該段最后一句話“Ifyou'veeveraskedyourphonetod