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動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的分類分類法種類例詞按句法作用分類實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞play,drive,drink,eat,sing,dance,swim,speak不及物動(dòng)詞go,come,arrive,listen,walk,look助動(dòng)詞do,does,did,will,would,be,have,has情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,must,haveto,may,might,will,should,shall系動(dòng)詞become,get,turn,look,smell,sound,smell,feel,remain,stay按詞匯意義分類動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞read,fly,study,work,grow,improve,increase瞬息性動(dòng)詞jump,knock,begin,leave,die,reach,start,buy狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞allow,need,order,prefer,require,ask,mind,advice及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后可直接接賓語(yǔ),可分為跟單賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞、雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)跟單賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞:catch,hold,break,celebrate,discuss,educate,grow,borrow,put,forget,love,worry...Eg:Don’tbreaktherules.Wearegoingtodiscussthetopicingroups.Iborrowapenfromastranger.Putthebananasintheblender.間接賓語(yǔ)前可加to或for的及物動(dòng)詞:give,offer,buy,pass,sell,show,read,sing,draw,make,choose,cook...Eg:Myfatherboughtabikeformeasapresent.MissLiofferedsomepicturestous.間接賓語(yǔ)一定要放在直接賓語(yǔ)前的及物動(dòng)詞:ask,cost...Eg:Thedoctoraskedmesomequestions.Itcostsmetwentydollars.常見(jiàn)跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):call,consider,name,make...Eg:RobinsonnamedthemanFriday.形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):make,find,believe,keep...Eg:Asadmoviemakesmeunhappy.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):see,watch,find,keep,feel,hear,make,have...Eg:Ilovetowatchthemonkeysclimbingaround.Lilyhasherhaircut.帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):advice,tell,ask,expect,promise,want,invite,allow,encourage,remind,require...Eg:Myparentsrequiredmetocleanmyroom.TheyinvitedMr.Blacktotakepartinthegame.不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):feel,hear,make,have,let,see,watch...Eg:Isawhimwalkintothehall.Thefunnymoviemakespeoplelaugh.不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接跟賓語(yǔ),大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞,純不及物動(dòng)詞很少,常見(jiàn)純不及物動(dòng)詞有:arrive,come,go,walk,sit,stand,happen,lie,run...Eg:Wearrivedatthesciencemuseumat8:30thismorning.Thepolicehappenedtoknowthetruth.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有意義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能用來(lái)幫助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定式和疑問(wèn)式等?;局鷦?dòng)詞有be,do,have,willshallbe的用法與現(xiàn)在分詞連用構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Eg:Look!Someboysareplayingbasketball.Theywerehavingdinnerwhentheearthquakehappened.與過(guò)去分詞連用構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Eg:Studentsarerequiredtohaveadiscussion.Thebuildingisnamedafterafamousscientist.與帶to的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)Eg:Ifwearetowinthegame,wemusttryourbest.do的用法幫助構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)的否定式和疑問(wèn)式Eg:Shedoesn’tlikeeatingcarrots.Doyouwanttobeanactor?用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Eg:Idobelieveyou.用于代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞,以免重復(fù)Eg:Ididn’twatchTVlastnight,butmybrotherdid.have的用法與過(guò)去分詞連用構(gòu)成完成時(shí)Eg:Ihavefinishedreadingthisbook.Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?Shehaslivedhereforovertwentyyears.Herealizedthathehadlefthiskeysathome.will、would、shall、should的用法will、shall構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí),would、should構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí);shall、should主要用于第一人稱,will、would可用于各種人稱Eg:Hewillreachtheairportinhalfanhour.Cindysaidshewouldmakeherdreamcometrue.IshallpayavisittoEuropethissummer.Iwastoldthatweshouldfixupthemachine.Samwasinformedthatheshouldn’ttouchanythingintheroom.Itwon’traintomorrow.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有各種含義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),要和動(dòng)詞原形連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、情緒或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。can和could表示能力,意為“會(huì),能夠”,can表示現(xiàn)在的能力,could表示過(guò)去的能力Eg:Hecansing.Hecouldplaytheguitarwhenhewasyoung.表示推測(cè),意為“可能”Eg:Sheisonbusiness,soshecan’tbeathome.表示請(qǐng)求、允許、建議,意為“可以”,could比can的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、禮貌Eg:-Couldyouhelpmewithmath?-Sorry,Ican’t.I’mbusypreparingforthetest.-CouldIuseyourcomputer?-Ofcourse,youcan.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.must和havetomust只有一種時(shí)態(tài)形式;haveto可用于多種時(shí)態(tài),其否定式和疑問(wèn)式都要借助助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。表示必須:must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿,而haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必要性,意為“不得不”Eg:Youmustfollowthelaws.Youdon’thavetostayuplate.must可以表示推測(cè),且把握較大Eg:Themanovertheremustbeournewteacher.may和might表示推測(cè),意為“可能”,可能性的大小關(guān)系為:must>can>may>mightEg:Billymay/mightbeinthelibrary.I’mnotsure.表示請(qǐng)求、允許,意為“可以”,might比may的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、禮貌Eg:--May/MightItakearest?--Yes,youcan.shall表示詢問(wèn)意見(jiàn),用于一、三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中Eg:ShallItakeitoff?表示決心、許諾、警告、威脅或命令,用于第一、二、三各人稱的肯定句中Eg:Nothingshallpreventusfromprotectingtheenvironment.Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktheruleagain.表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)Eg:Thenewlawshallbecarriedoutnextmonth.should表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任Eg:Weshouldnevergiveupourdreams.Adultsshouldtakecareoftheyouth.表示推測(cè)Eg:ItshouldbeDoctorLi’scellphone.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,對(duì)疑問(wèn)句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t,意為“不必”;沒(méi)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化Eg:Youneedn’tbeafraidofthispuppy.Heneedfinishthetasktoday.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后跟名詞、代詞和不帶to的不定式等Eg:Theydon’tneedtocometoschoolonweekends.Littlebabiesneedtheirparents.will和would沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化表示意愿、愿望,意為“愿意”Eg:Agoodfriendistheonewhowillhelpyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Hewillpickmeuptotheparty.Themanwouldn’tlethischildrendochores.表示傾向、習(xí)慣,意為“總是”Eg:YouwillalwaysdotheoppositeofwhatItellyou.Waterwillturnintoicewhenthetemperatureisbelowzero.表示猜測(cè),意為“可能、大概”Eg:Theladyyoutalkedwithwouldbeyoursister.用于第二人稱的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示客氣的請(qǐng)求,would比will的語(yǔ)氣更委婉Eg:Wouldyoupassthepapertome?hadbetter可當(dāng)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用,后接動(dòng)詞原形,無(wú)人稱,時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化,意為“最好.....”,否定形式為hadbetternot,疑問(wèn)句將had移到句首Eg:You’dbetterhandinyourpaperbeforeFriday.You’dbetternottellhimthenews.HadIbetternottellhimthenews?系動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)的be動(dòng)詞:am,is,are,was,wereEg:I’mgladtomeetyou.感官動(dòng)詞:feel,sound,smell,hear,seem,taste...Eg:Thecaketastesgood.Hismothersaidthatshefeltbetter.表示保持狀態(tài):keep,stay,remainEg:Tokeepfit,weshoulddosomeexerciseeveryday.表示狀態(tài)變化:become,go,grow...Eg:Theroombecamecrowed.Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.表示變化結(jié)果:get,prove,turn...Eg:Whenmysongetsolder,hewantstobeamusician.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬息性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示可持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),瞬息性動(dòng)詞表示短暫行為或事件的動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,但是瞬息性動(dòng)詞不可以Eg:Ihavehadthisbikeforthreeyears.Youcankeepthebookforsevendays.瞬息性動(dòng)詞的否定式可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用Eg:Thestormhasn’tstoppedsincetwohoursago.動(dòng)詞的形式動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式(用于構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-splayplays以/s/、/?/、/t?/音素結(jié)尾或以-o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加-esfix,finish,watch,gofixes,finishes,watches,goes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去y加-iesstudystudies動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(主要用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí))規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形-ing形式一般直接在詞尾加-ingworkworking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去掉e再加-ingrideriding以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ingstopstopping少數(shù)以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變ie為y,再加-ingdie,tie,liedying,tying,lying以-ee,-ye等結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加-ingsee,eyeseeing,eyeing動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式(過(guò)去式主要用于構(gòu)成各種一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去分詞主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))規(guī)則動(dòng)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞一般直接加-edwatchwatchedwatched以-e結(jié)尾,加-dlovelovedloved以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,去y加-iedcrycriedcried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-edplanplannedplanned不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞Be(am,is,are)was,werebeenbeginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokengivegavegivenspeakspokespokendrivedrovedrivenrideroderiddenwritewrotewrittenbuyboughtboughtfeelfeltfeltspellspeltspeltputputputcutcutcutcostcostcostread/ri:d/read/red/read/red/sellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldspendspentspentsendsentsentgrowgrewgrownthrowthrewthrownlielied(說(shuō)謊)lied(說(shuō)謊)lay(躺)lain(躺)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+介詞arrivein/ataskforlookafterlookatlookforlistentowaitfordependonjoinintalkto/withshoutat/to動(dòng)詞+副詞breakdownbreakoutbreakupturnonturnoffturnupturndowngiveupgiveawaygiveinputupputonputawaypickupstayup動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞comeupwithlookforwardtorunoutofgetalongwithputupwith動(dòng)詞+名詞takecaretakeplacemakethebedloseheartloseweightmakeadifferencemakefriendshavefun動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞takepartintakeprideintakeplaceoftakechargeofpayattentiontomakeone’swayto動(dòng)詞+形容詞makesurecometruekeepfitstayhealthfeelsadsoundgoodsmellbad練習(xí):1.-What'sthematterwithDaniel?Heisn'tatschooltoday.-Hisarmshurt.Hewas_______byacarthismorning.A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured2.Mumismakinglunch.It_______sonice!AsmellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds3.Therewassomethingwrongwiththephone.Wecouldn’t______eachotherclearly.AlistenB.soundC.hearD.speak4.You'dbetter______thetestpaperbeforehandingitin.A.goaheadB.goonC.gooffD.goover5.Moreandmoreteenagersinthecountrysideare______theirhometownsatanearlyagetolookforworkinthecities.A.goingtoB.leavingC.beginningD.comingto6.-Doyouthinkourbasketballteamwillwinthematch?-Yes,wehavebetterplayers.SoI____themtowin.A.hopeB.helpC.expectD.wish7.She_______myinvitationbecauseshehadtohelphermotherwithchores.A.tookdownB.putdownC.turneddownD.wrotedown8.-HowisStevennow?-Ihearthecompany________himagoodjob,butherefusedit.A.providedB.offered

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