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考研《英語一》2023年黑龍江省哈爾濱市延壽縣統(tǒng)考試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Manyoftheworld'spollutionproblemshavebeencausedbythecrowdingoflargegroupsofpeopleintothecities.Supplyfortheneedsofthepeopleleadstofurther1byindustry.Iftherapidincreaseofworldpopulationcontinuesatthepresentrate,theremaybemuchgreater2tohumanbeings.Somescientistsspeakoftheincreaseinnumbersofpeopleas"populationpollution''.About2,000yearsago,theworldpopulationwasabout250million.It3abillionin1850.By1930thepopulationwastwobillion.Itisnowsixbillon.Itis4todoublebytheyear2020.Ifthepopulationcontinuestogrowatthesamerate,therewillbe25billionpeopleinthe5ahundredyearsfromnow.Manhasbeen6theearth'sresourcesmoreandmore7overthepastyears.Someofthemarealmostgone.Nowmanypeoplebelievethatman'sgreatestproblemishowtocontrolthe8ofthepopulation.Thematerialsuppliesintheworldwillbefarfromenoughto9thehumanpopulationifthepresentrateofincreasecontinues.Thereisalreadyover-crowdinginmanycitiesandstarvationinsomecountries.Manypeoplebelievethathumansurvivalinthefuture10ontheanswertothequestion.1、A.progress B.pollution C.education D.production2、A.danger B.harm C.benefit D.hardship3、A.got B.took C.brought D.reached4、A.suggested B.hoped C.expected D.said5、A.world B.country C.star D.end6、A.discovering[ B.using C.digging D.destroying7、A.seriously B.dangerously C.rapidly D.steadily8、A.existence B.start C.growth D.birth9、A.increase B.starve C.construct D.support10、A.depends B.a(chǎn)grees C.saves D.passesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Iusedtobelievecourtesywasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhaveIencounteredacourteoushumanbeinginthismodernera.Recently,Ihadtochangemythinking,whenIcamefacetofacewithjustsuchahumanbeinginacoffeeplace,withmytwodaughters.Theplacewascrowdedasusualandwehadtoclimbsteepstairsinordertofindanemptytable.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks,wewentdownthenarrowstairs,wheretherewashardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoeitherclimbuporcomedown.JustasIwasinthemiddleofthestairs,agentlemanenteredthemainentranceoftherestaurantwhichwasrightinfrontofthestaircase.IwassureIwouldbepushedroughlybythismangoingup.IkeptcomingdownasfastasIcould.Mydaughterswerealreadydown,lookingupatmeworriedly,hopingIwouldreachthembeforethestrangerstartedwalkingupthestairs,knowingIwasanervoussort.Nearlyreachingthem,Inoticedthemanstillstandingnearthedoor.Ireachedmydaughtersandpassedthestrangerattheentrancedoorwhichhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedbackthinkinghewasstillatthedoor,decidingwhethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.Isawhimgoingupthestairs,twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandallthreeofusfeltbadthatwedidnoteventhankthecourteousgentlemanwhowasactuallyholdingthedooropenforusladiestopassthroughbeforegoingup.Suchwellmanneredpeoplearehardtofindthesedays,whenpushingisverycommoninouradvancedbutaggressivesociety.Weapplaudedforhischivalry(騎士精神).1、Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthemanatthefirstsightofhim?A.Hewasinahurry.B.Hewouldwaitforher.C.Hewouldcrossherrudely.D.Hewasamanwithgoodmanners.2、Whydidtheauthor’sdaughtersworryabouther?A.Shewastoooldtowalkfast.B.Shewaseasytobedisturbed.C.Shetookuptoomuchspace.D.Shefocusedtoomuchontheman.3、WhatcanwelearnaboutthemanfromParagraph4?A.Hemightbeawaiterofthecafé.B.Hemighthaveanurgentbusinesstodo.C.Hefellinlovewithoneoftheauthor’sdaughters.D.Hewouldholdthedooropenforall.Text2Duringthisshoppingseason,salesmenwillcomeupwithdifferentstrategiestogetyourbusiness.Manyproductcompaniesusespecificcolorstocausepositiveemotionsandcompeteforasale.However,sightisnottheonlyonesensorydetailthatcompaniesuse.Soundsandsmellscaninfluenceconsumerpurchasingdecisions.NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlierhisyearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenthesmelloflavender(薰衣草)wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn’t.Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofcustomerspurchasingitemsandtheamountsoftheirpurchases.AnearlierstudyusingNikeshoesfoundthatconsumersdesiredtheshoesmore,andwerewillingtopaymore,whentheroomhadamixedsmellofflowers.Realizingthesubconsciousimpactofsmell,manystoresapplyartificialscents(香味)throughtheirheatingandair-conditioningvents(通風(fēng)口)orplacescentmachinesabovetheirdoors.Forinstance,acoconutscentmightmakethatbikinimoreappealingasyoulongforavacation.Everfeltfrenziedduetoastore’sfast-pacedmusic?Orcalmedbyapieceoflightmusic?Aretailer’schoiceofmusiccanhaveabigimpactoncustomermoods.Onestudyfoundthatwhensubjectedtoloudmusic,customerswillspendlesstimeinastore.Butinterestingly,theresearchersdidnotfindadifferenceinsalesorcustomerssatisfaction.Anotherinterestingfindingfromarecentstudywasthatcustomeractuallyshoplongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.Justasdepartmentstoresusedifferentscentsincertaindepartments,manyusedifferentmusicinsomeareastoappealtovaryingconsumers.Well,youcouldalwaysleavethestoreandtakeabreak,butthefoodcourtprobablyisn’tyourbestchoiceasbrandslikeCinnabonandPaneraBreadalsousescentsaspartoftheircustomerexperience.Onlineretailersuseavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,butyoucanalwaysneglectthoseandenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.1、Thepassageismainlyabout_________A.twofactorsaffectingconsumers’shoppinghabitsB.thestrategiesforsatisfyingconsumersC.specialservicesfromsupershoppingmallsD.consumers’favoritesoundsandsmells2、Howdoesmusichaveaneffectonconsumers?A.Itcontrolsconsumers’desireforshopping.B.Itinfluenceshowlongconsumersstayinashop.C.Itgivesconsumersthesatisfactionofenjoyingdependsonit.D.Whetherconsumersarewillingtopurchasegoodsdependsonit.3、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“frenzied”inParagraph3?A.Satisfied.B.Depressed.C.Surprised.D.Excited.4、Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimeathomewithfamilies.C.Peoplecanchoosetogetridofshops’promotionstrategies.D.Smellsandsoundsareimportantforconsumers’shoppingexperience.Text3Attimesweallgetangrywhenwearedriving.Itmightbebecausewearestuckinatrafficjamorstuckbehindaveryslowdriver.tmightbebecausewethinkanotherdriverhasdonesomethingverystupidanddangerous.Whateverthereason,itseemsthatgettingangryinacarissomethingwhichhappensmoreandmoreoftenandthereisnowaspecialtermforit:"roadrage".Someexpertseventhinkthatroadrageisakindofmentalillness!Howcanwerecognizethis"illness"ofroadrage?Therearetwokindsofroadrage:aggressivedrivingandaggressivereactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Aggressivedrivingcantakedifferentforms:●Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.●Increasingyourspeedveryquickly.●Drivingveryclosebehindthecarinfrontandsoundingthehornorflashingtheheadlights.●Changinglanesverysuddenlyandblockinganothercar.●Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanotherearistryingtopark.Therearealsodifferentreactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Theseinclude:●Makingrudesignsatpeople.●Shoutingatpeopleandthreateningthem.●Deliberatelydrivingintoanotherperson'scar.●Hittingsomebody.●Usingaweaponsuchasabaseballbat,orevenagunoraknife.Roadrageiscertainlynotajoke.Therehavebeenincidentsofroadragewhichhaveledtoseriousinjuriesandevenmurder.Expertsthinkthatonereasonforroadrageisthatfilmsshowalotofexamplesoffastandaggressivedrivingsuchascarchaseswherethiskindofdrivingseemstohepositive.Expertsalsothinkthatthepunishmentsfordangerousdrivingarenotseriousenough.Experienceshowsthatdrivingproblemscanbecontrolled,butittakesalongtime.IntheUKinthelast30years,thepolicehavebeenquitesuccessfulinreducingthenumberofpeoplewhodrinkanddrive.Theyarenowworkingtostoppeopleusingmobilephoneswhentheyaredriving.Let'shopetheycanhavethesamesuccesswithroadrage.1、Whichofthefollowingdescribesaggressivereactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving?A.Makingpolitesignsatpeople.B.Shoutingatpeopleandthreateningthem.C.Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.D.Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanothercaristryingtopark.2、Roadragehappenspossiblybecause______.A.weareinafast-changingsocietyB.itwon'tcauseseriousinjuriesordeathC.thedriversthemselveshavedonesomethingstupidD.thedriverswon'tgetseverepunishmentsfordangerousdriving3、What'sthetoneofthelastparagraph?A.Sad. B.Cold.C.Optimistic. D.Exciting.Text4Forpeople,manyotheranimals,familymatters.Considerhowmanyjobsgotorelatives.Orhowanantwillcruellyattackintruder(入侵的)antsbutrescueinjured,closelyrelatednest-mates.Therearegoodevolutionaryreasonstoaidrelatives,afterall.Now,itseems,familyfeelingsmaystirinplantsaswell.ACanadianbiologistplantedtheseedoftheideamorethanadecadeago,butmanyplantbiologistsregardeditasheretical—plantslackthenervoussystemsthatenableanimalstorecognizekin(家族),sohowcantheyknowtheirrelatives?Butwithaseriesofrecentfindings,thebeliefthatplantsreallydocarefortheirmostgeneticallyclosepeers—inaquiet,plantyway—istakingroot.Somespeciescontrolhowfartheirrootsspread,otherschangehowmanyflowerstheyproduce,andafewtilt(傾斜)orshifttheirleavestominimizeshadingofneighboringplants,favoringrelatedindividuals.“Weneedtorecognizethatplantsnotonlysensewhetherit’slightordarkorifthey’vebeentouched,butalsowhomtheyareinteractingwith,”saysSusanDudley,aplantevolutionaryecologist,whoseearlyplantkinrecognitionstudiessparkedtheinterestofmanyscientists.Beyondbroadeningviewsofplantbehavior,thenewworkmayhaveapracticalside.InSeptember2018,ateaminChinareportedthatriceplantedwithkingrowsbetter,afindingthatsuggestedfamilytiescanbeusedtoimprovecropyields.“Itseemsanytimeanyonelooksforit,theyfindakineffect,”saysAndreKessler,achemicalecologistatCornellUniversity.1、Whyareantsmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowhowcruelantsaretotheirenemies.B.Tolayfoundationfortheideaofplants’familyfeelings.C.Tointroducethetopicofhowfamilymatterstoanimals.D.Toexplainwhypeopleusuallygivemorejobstotheirrelatives.2、Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“heretical”?A.Indescribable. B.Understandable. C.Impossible. D.Traditional.3、Whatmaybetheplants’wayofexpressingtheircareforrelatives?A.Theystopproducingflowerstoavoidcompetition.B.Theyspreadtheirrootsfarsoastoprotecttheirpeers.C.Theycarefortheirinjuredpeersbysilentlytakingroots.D.Theymovetheirleavestosharesunlightwiththeirclosepeers.4、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Differentplantsmustn’tbeplantedtogether.B.Cornplantedwithcorncanproducemorethanthatwithrice.C.Chinahasputtheideaintowidepracticeandachievedgreatsuccess.D.Thecloserriceisplantedwiththeirrelativesthemoretheywillproduce.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Mymotheralwaysmakessureweeat1.(health)andItakealotofexercise,soIneverhavedietTwoyearsago,Ibrokemyarms2.(play)footballThe3.(injure)wasquitepainful,butI’mcrazy4.footballNowyoucanseefrom5.I’vesaid,I’manormalkindofboyAcomputerprogramhasbeatenahumanplayerattheancientChineseboardgameGo(圍棋)Itmarkedanimportantadvanceforthe1.(develop)ofartificialintelligenceTheprogram,2.(call)AlphaGo,hadtaughtitselfhowtowinItbeattheEuropeanplayerinallfivegamesofamatchinOctoberThedeveloperssay3.(it)learningabilitymaysomedayletcomputershelpsolverealworldproblemsThosecouldincludemakingmedicaldiagnosesand4.(explore)scientificresearchPreviouscomputershavebeatenhumansinothergamesButamongclassicgames,GohaslongbeenviewedasthemostchallenginggameforartificialintelligencetomasterTherefore,manypeoplefindit5.(accept)whenAlphaGowonthehumanplayerGoinvolvestwoplayerswhotaketurnsputtingmarkersonacheckerboard-likegrid(格子)Playersobtaintheopponent’spieces6.surroundingthemTherulesaresimple,7.playingitisnotIt’s8.(probable)themostcomplexgameevercreatedbyhumansMartinMueller,acomputingscienceprofessor,9.(work)onGoprogramsfor30yearsHeoncesaid,“Thenewprogramisreallyabigstepupfromeverythingelsethatwe’veseenIt’savery10.(amaze)pieceofwork”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Helpfultipsforcollege-boundseniorsResearchingacollegeisoneofthemosttime-consumingtasksthatyou'llencounter.1、Forexample,whatclassesandfacilitiesthecollegehastooffer,andwhatsportsitoffers.Afternarrowingyourchoicestoagroupofcolleges,you'llhavetostarttoresearchtheseindepth.2、Heorshemaybeabletohelpyoufindthingsaboutthecollegesthatyoucouldnotgetyourself.Knowingwhatyouwanttostudyisanotherkeytolookingforacollege.3、ByknowingwhatIwanttodo,IcanthenlookatcollegesthatI'vebeenthinkingaboutapplyingtoandnarrowmychoicesdown.Ifacollegedoesn'thavethecoursesIneed,thenit'sdefinitelyoutofthepicture.Anotherkeythingtolookforisthecollege'stestingrequirements.4、SomecollegesalsorequireanSATIItestincertainareas,forexampleEnglishorMath.Remembertolookatacollege’sGPArequirements,too.Youmayfindacollegewherethere'severythingyouwant,butyourGPAisn'thighenoughtobeconsidered.Inthiscaseyoumayneedtoattendajuniorcollegeforoneortwoyears.5、Atthispointyoumaywanttohavealongdiscussionwithyourparents,andfindouthowmuchthey'rewillingandabletospendoncollege.Ifitisn'tenoughtocoveryourfulltuition,thenyoumaywanttoapplyforfinancialaidorascholarship.Andyourfinaloptionmaybelookingforacollegethatdoesn’tcostasmuch.A.AllcollegesrequireanSAToranACTtest.B.Andlastly,butdefinitelynottheleast,istuition.C.Lookforacollegenowifyouplanonattendingone.D.Youneedtofindoutmanybasicsaboutpossiblecolleges.E.Ifyouwillbeaseniorinthenearfuture,thisarticleisforyou.F.Iplantomajorinbusinessmanagementandminorincomputerapplications.G.Ifyouhaveacollegecounseloratyourschool,thiswouldbeagoodtimetoaskforadvice.KidsintheKitchenSomeexpertsserveupsomeofthefactorsthatmakecookingwithkidsapleasureratherthanastruggle.1、.Forobviousreasons,agrown-upneedstobeinchargeofthestove,sharpknivesandelectricalequipment.Dr.Colkeradvisesparentstobewatchful,evenwhentheirkidsareinvolvedinrelativelysafetasks.Thebottomlineistostaycloseby,andteachyourkidstorespectbasicsafetyrules.LeaveTime2、Whenkidshelp,you’llneedextratimetoteachth
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