對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861綜合英語(yǔ)歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2007年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2008年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2009年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2010年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2012年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2013年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2014年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2015年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861

綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2007年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

PartOneTopicSentences（20points）

Completethetextbywritingintheblankatopicsentencefortheparagraph.

WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

Earlier,wedescribedas‘infernallydifficult’thetaskofwritingminutesthat

notonlyrecorddecisionsbutalsosummarizethegistofthediscussionduring

ameeting.Weknowthefrustrations:youhavetotrytofollow,tomakenotes

on,andthentosummarizetheramblingrepetitive,oftenirrelevant,and

sometimesincoherentutterancesofcommitteemembers.Wehaveyettofind

anyonewhorespondshappilytoarequestto‘justtaketheminutes’!

(1)___________________.Thesecretary’sjobshouldbetolistentowhatis

beingsaid,toextracttheessenceofeachutterance,andtorecordasmuchas

heorshethinkswillgiveatrueandadequateimpressionofeachspeaker’s

contribution.Afullparticipantinthemeetingshouldbedoingmorethanthis.

His/herjobisnotonlytolistencarefully,andtoextracttheessenceofeach

utterance;itisalsotoevaluateeachutterance,toformulatecomplementaryor

contradictorycontributions,andtoexpressthemcoherentlyatappropriate

moments.Itisimpossibletofulfillboththesecretarialroleandthefull

participatoryroleatthesametime.Soweurgeyoutodeclinetobeminute-

takerifyouaresupposedtobeafullparticipantinthemeeting.

Itisalsodifficulttosiftvaluablepointsfromredundanciesandirrelevances.

Weregretthatweknowofnomagicmethodorformulafordoingthis.And

weknowofnosurewayofensuringthatyoudonotoffendsomecommittee

membersbyreportingmoreofsomeoneelse’sviewsthanyoureportof

theirs.Onetipwecanofferisthat,whenyouwritetheminutes,youavoid

simplyreflectingthesequenceandlengthofcontributionsfromeach

member.Itisprobablethatthenotesyoumakewillbeinchronologicalorder,

andwillreflectroughlytheamountsaidbyeachmember.Whenyoucometo

writetheminutes,youmayfinditeffectivetorecordtheprincipalpointsof

view,irrespectiveoftheexactsequenceinwhichtheywereexpressed,andto

addanoteofwhichmemberssupportedeachpointofview（ifthatis

relevant）.Focusongatheringpoints,notonextractingsomethingfromeach

contribution.

(2)___________________.TonyBuzanadvocatesthatkeywordsand

phrasesareallthatareneededtorecallinformation,andthesewordsand

phrasescanberelatedinspider-likeshapesormolecularnetworks.The

namesofpeoplesupportingparticularpointsofviewcanbeattachedtothe

keywords,ifnecessary.Practiceisneededtousethistechniqueefficiently.

Yourrecordlooksmessy,butasBuzanpointsout‘thewordmessyrefersto

thelookandnotthecontent’.

(3)___________________.Inminutesofthefirsttype（brief,formal

minutes）,norecordshouldbemadeofproposalsoramendmentsthatwere

discussedandrejected.Norecordneedbekeptofthevote.Allthatneedbe

recordedisthepositivedecisionsthatwerereachedbyasimplemajority

vote（orothermajority,ifaspecialmajorityiswrittenintothe

organization’sconstitution）.Whattheorganizationdecidednottodois,so

runsthetheory,irrelevant;anditisirrelevantintheBritishdemocratic

systemwhetherthemajorityinfavouroragainstwaslargeorsmall.

Suchatheorymaybeacceptablefortheformalrunningofinstitutional

bodies;butitisrarelyjudgedacceptableinbusinessandindustry.Inlarge

researchdepartments,forexample,thereisusuallyconsiderablevaluein

recordingwhatproducts,policiesorprocesseswereconsideredor

rejected（orleftforlateraction）duringaresearchprogrammed.Thoughtit

mayseemtiresometohavetorecordsuchinformation‘forthearchive’,the

archivemaybevitalasameansofpreventingwasteoftimeandmoneyon

‘re-inventingthewheel’sinlateryears.Equallyimportant,yourcompany’s

culpabilityforlossordamagemaydependheavilyonyourabilitytoshow

thepossibilitiesandcontingenciesthatwereconsideredbeforeacertain

positivelineofactionwaschosen.

(4)___________________.Thedetailmustbecomprehensiblenotonlyto

thosewhowerepresentatthemeeting,butalsotothosewhowerenot-and

especiallytothosewhoreadtheminutessometimeaftertheevents/decisions

thatarerecorded.

(5)___________________.Inmeetingsthatlackgoodleadership,and/orthat

pridethemselvesonarrivingatdecisionsbyconsensus,thereisoften

considerableconfusionabouttheprecisewordingofwhathasbeendecided.

Agoodchairpersonwillstatethepropositionclearlybeforeanyvoteistaken;

butwherethatisnotdone,andwherethereiscontinueddiscussionaftersuch

astatement,werecommendthatyouestablishapracticeofreadingouttothe

meetingimmediatelyaftereachdecisionthewordsyouhaveusedtorecord

thatdecision.Trainyouchairpersontheallocatetimetothischecking

activity,orbesuretointerveneyourself,sothattherecanbenoargument

subsequentlyaboutwhatwasagreed.

【答案】

(1)Itisdifficulttobebothasecretaryandafullparticipantinameeting.

(2)Takedownthekeywordsandphrases.

(3)Recordthedecisionsreachedbyamajorityvoteoftheorganization.

(4)Makethedetailsofyourminutesintelligible.

(5)Stateclearlythedecisiontothemeetingaftereachdiscussion.

PartTwoParaphrasing（20points）

ParaphrasetheunderlinedpartinEnglish.WriteyouranswersontheAnswer

Sheet.

1．IntheUnitedStatesitwasreluctantlyrealizedbysome-subconsciouslyif

notopenly-thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedineitherpoliticsor

traditionandthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforever

preventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmorality

orthegeographicalprotectionofourtwoborderingoceans.

【答案】TheUnitedStateshassetupaninternationalstature;thestature

makesusnotbeabletowithdrawwithanexcuseofmoralorethicswhen

therecomessomeproblem,andalsowhentheproblemsappear,whencannot

evadebytakingadvantageofthegeologicalisolation.

2．Theautomobileillustratesthepointwithgreatclarity.Atechnological

innovationlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmayberejected

initially,butifitisimportanttotheefficiencyoreconomicsofautomobiles,

itwillreappearindifferentwaysuntilitisnotonlyacceptedbutuniversally

regardedasanasset.Today’sautomobileisnolongeruniquetoagiven

companyoreventoagivennationalculture.Itsbasicfeaturesarefound,with

variations,inautomobilesingeneral,nomatterwhomakesthem.

【答案】Inthepresentworld,automobilescannotbethesymbolorthe

indicatorofacertaincompanyorculture,that’stosay,wecannotjudgea

givenculturefromthecars,because,allthecarsnowadaysaregenerally

sharethesamefeatures,nomatterwheretheyareproduced.

3．Modernartopensonawordwhoserealityisnot“outthere”innature

definedasthingseenfromamiddledistancebut“inhere”inthesoulorthe

mind.Itisaworldradicallyemptiedofhistorybecauseitisaformof

perceptionratherthanacontent.

【答案】Theworlddescribedbymodernartisaworldtotallywithout

history,becausewhatmodernartdescribesisnotaconcreteworld,buta

worldinpeople’smind.

4．Ibelievethatdeathmaybethemostimportantpartoflifeandlifeis

infinitesimallybriefinrelationtotheimmensityofeternity.Becauseofmy

religiousfaith,Ishall"returntotheFather"inanafterlifethatisbeyond

description.Ibelieve,thatthoughmylifewasshortinyears,itwasfullof

experience,joy,loveandaccomplishment.

【答案】Ithinkdeathisthemostimportantthinginlife,andcomparedwith

theendlessafterlife,thepresentlifeisfairlysmallandshort.I’mafollowof

religion,soIbelievedeathwillbringmetoGodandwillopenmean

afterlife,thewonderfulnessofwhichcannotbedescribedbywords.

PartThreeE-CTranslation（25points）

1．Therelationbetweenparentandchildhascruelmomentsfortheparent

evenwhenmoneyisnoobject,andthematerialworriesaredelegatedto

servantsandschoolteachers.Thechildandtheparentarestrangerstoone

anothernecessarily,becausetheiragesmustdifferwidely.ReadGoethe’s

autobiography;andnotethatthoughthewashappyinhisparent’sandhad

exceptionalpowersofobservation,divination,andstory-telling,heknewless

abouthisfatherandmotherthanaboutmostoftheotherpeoplehementions.

【參考譯文】

即使金錢不構(gòu)成限制因素，即使物質(zhì)憂慮都被仆人或教師承擔(dān)了，父母

與孩子之間的關(guān)系對(duì)父母來(lái)說也仍然存在一些痛苦時(shí)刻。父母和孩子必

然彼此陌生，因?yàn)樗麄兊哪挲g差距很大。讀歌德的自傳時(shí)，我們注意

到，雖然他在父母家十分高興，格外具有觀察力、預(yù)知力和故事講解能

力，他對(duì)父母的了解卻比他對(duì)所提到的大部分人的了解要少。

2．Foreigndirectinvestmentisthemajorformofinternationalinvestment,

wherebyresidentsofonecountryacquireassetsinaforeigncountryforthe

purposeofcontrollingandmanagingthem.WhydoesFDIoccur?An

instinctiveanswertothequestionbymanypeoplemaybethattheratesof

investmentreturnsarehigherinaforeigncountry.Thisanswer,thought

seeminglyplausible,isactuallyfarfetched.JustthinkofthefactthatBritainis

bothamajorsourceofFDIintheUnitedStatesandanimportantdestination

forFDIfromthecountry.Wecannotsaytheratesofinvestmentreturnsin

theUnitedStatesisatthesametimehigherthanthoseinBritainwhich

explainsinvestmentintoitandlowerwhichjustifiescapitalflowtothe

oppositedirection.

【參考譯文】

對(duì)外投資是國(guó)際投資的主要方式，憑借對(duì)外投資，一國(guó)居民可獲取另一

國(guó)的資產(chǎn)并對(duì)其實(shí)施掌控和經(jīng)營(yíng)。為什么要進(jìn)行對(duì)外投資？許多人對(duì)該

問題的直覺回答可能是“對(duì)外投資，利潤(rùn)更高”。這一回答貌似說服力十

足，實(shí)則相當(dāng)牽強(qiáng)。以英國(guó)為例吧，它是美國(guó)獲取外資的一個(gè)主要來(lái)

源，同時(shí)也是美國(guó)外資投放的一個(gè)重要目的地。我們不能說美國(guó)的投資

利潤(rùn)率比英國(guó)高，又比英國(guó)低，不能用高來(lái)解釋外資進(jìn)入的原因，用低

來(lái)解釋其對(duì)英投資行為。

PartFourC-ETranslation（30points）

TranslatethesixshortparagraphsintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationonthe

AnswerSheet.

1．世界上存在著不少不穩(wěn)定的因素，地區(qū)沖突和摩擦此起彼伏，恐怖

主義活動(dòng)猖獗，南北差距拉大，非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅上升，人類面臨許多嚴(yán)

峻挑戰(zhàn)，國(guó)際社會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)持久和平、共同繁榮任重而道遠(yuǎn)。

【參考譯文】

Intoday’sworld,therearestillquitesomefactorsofinstabilityand

uncertainty.Frequentregionalfrictionsandconflicts,rampantterrorist

activities,thewideningNorth-Southgapandrisingnontraditionalsecurity

threatsallposeseverechallengestomankind.Theinternationalcommunityis

currentlyfacinganuphillstruggletoachievelastingpeaceandcommon

prosperity.

2．為盡早啟動(dòng)新一輪多邊談判，與會(huì)代表呼吁各方，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)成員

表現(xiàn)出足夠的靈活性。在日內(nèi)瓦負(fù)責(zé)談判的代表保持靈活性固然重要，

而來(lái)自他們各自政府的靈活政策推動(dòng)更具有重要性。

【參考譯文】

Tostartearlieranewroundofmultilateralnegotiation,thenegotiatorsappeal

thateverymember,especiallythedevelopedmembersshouldshowsufficient

flexibility.It’simportantthatthenegotiatorsinGenevabeflexible,andthe

supportoftheflexiblepolicyfromtheirgovernmentsrespectivelywillbe

moreimportant.

3．修建青藏鐵路這條世界上海拔最高和線路最長(zhǎng)的高原鐵路，是人類

鐵路建設(shè)史上前所未有的偉大壯舉。青藏鐵路建設(shè)者們?cè)趽]汗譜寫這

部“天路傳奇”的同時(shí)，也為我們創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)世界之最。

【參考譯文】

Buildingthelongestrailwayatthehighestelevationintheworldwasindeed

abrilliantfeatofengineeringunmatchedinthehistoryofrailway

construction.Theconstructioncrewsbuiltthe“skyrailroad”bythesweatof

theirbrow,andtheiraccomplishmentshavecreatedanumberofworld

records.

4．盡管古人把書說成“浩如煙?！?，書的世界卻真正的“天涯若比鄰”，

這話絕不是唯心的比擬。世界再大也沒有阻隔。

【參考譯文】

Despitetheancientsayingaboutbooksbeinglikeavastocean,thedistant

worldofbookscouldbeactuallydeemedascloseasanext-doorneighbor,

whichisnotmerelyanidealisticmetaphoricalassertion.Forintheworldof

bookstherearenolongeranybarriers.

5．生活的經(jīng)驗(yàn)固然會(huì)叫人忘記許多事情。但是有些記憶經(jīng)過了多少時(shí)

間的磨洗也不會(huì)消失。故鄉(xiāng)里那些房屋，那些街道至今還印在我的腦子

里。

【參考譯文】

Lotsofthingsareapttofadefrommemoryasone’slifeexperiences

accumulate.Butsomememorieswillwithstandthewearandtearoftime.

Thosehousesandstreetsinmyhometownarestillimpressedinmymemory.

6．也許是我的精、氣、神都不足吧，不但自己寫不出長(zhǎng)的東西，我讀

一本刊物時(shí)，也總是無(wú)挑逗的看，不論是小說、散文或是其他的文學(xué)形

式，最后才看長(zhǎng)的。

【參考譯文】

Perhapsduetomyfailingenergies,notonlyhaveIrefrainedfromwriting

anythinglong,butalso,inreadingamagazine,forexample,Iusuallyfinish

itsshorterpiecesofwritingfirst,beforegoingontothelongerones.

PartFiveSummary（25points）

WriteasummaryofthefollowingpassageinChinese.Writeinnomorethan

300Chinesecharacters.

Tenyearsago,competitionbetweenAirbusandBoeingbroughtAmericaand

Europetotheedgeofatradewar;butthedisputewasresolvedandapact

signedin1992.NowAmerica’sFederalTradeCommissionisexamining

pricingatBoeingandAirbus;andtheadministrationsispreparinganother

onslaughtonsubsidiestoEurope’sAirbusIndustrieconsortium.The

EconomisthaslearnedthatconsultantshavebeenhiredinEuropeand

AmericatogatherfinancialinformationonAirbus,withaviewtotearingup

the1992agreement.

ItisthedamagethatAirbushasinflictedonBoeingthathaspushedAmerica

tothispoint.Attheheightofaboomthatbegantwoyearsago,Boeing,the

traditionalmarketleader,lostcontrolofitsfactories,upsetitscustomerswith

latedeliveriesandplungedintoitsfirstlossin50years.Itwroteoff$4

billion,whenitshouldhavebookedrecordprofits.Airbus,meanwhile,has

increaseditsmarketsharefrombarelyathirdintheearly1990stooverahalf

now.

ThesefigureshavedriventheAmericanadministratortothinkabout

attackingAirbusagain.Butthepoliticians’perceptionislaggingbehindthe

facts.Beginningwithitfiringoftheheadofthepassenger-jetdivisionin

September,Boeinghasstartedonthelongroadtorecovery.

Thetworivals’factoriesillustratethechallengethatBoeingfaces.AtBoeing,

workersswarmallovertheaircraftastheybuildthemandfitthemout.Atthe

Toulousewide-bodyfactoryofAerospatiale,whichassemblesAirbus’s

A330SandA340S,ahandfulofpeopleworkonfourorfiveplanes?

Cockpits,fuselagesandwingsareflowninfromfactoriesallaroundEurope

andsnappedtogetherbygiantmachines.Thismanufacturingmethod,

dictatedbyAirbus’sconsortiumstructure,happenstomirrormodernideas

abouthowmanufacturesshouldwork-whereasBoeingepitomizesmass

productioncirca1940.

InSeattleeverybodyalwaysseemstobeworkingflatout;Airbus’sflowof

workseemsmoreordered.Boeinghas216workersforeveryaircraft（550

jetsmadeby119,000people）,comparedwith143（230by33,000）for

Airbus-a51%productivitydifference,justthesortofgapthatenabled

JapanesecarmakerstosnatchaquarteroftheAmericancarmarketfrom

Detroit’sBigThree.Whilethefiguremasksdifferencesinprocessaswellas

productivity,itislargeenoughtomakeBoeingpayattention.

Boeingthemetal-basher

Boeing’schairman,PhilCondit,saysthatBoeingtriedtoaccelerateits

productiontoofast,withoutchangingaproduction-engineeringsystemthat

hadbarelyalteredsincetheSecondWorldWar.Itwasfineforbashingout

hundredsofidenticalB-52bombers,butmodernjetshave4millionpartsand

arecustomizedforindividualairlines.Anewsystemtocontrolthesupply

andstockofalltheseparts,cuttinginventorycosts,isbeingintroducedin

March;atthesametime,Boeingistryingtotrimthenumberofspecial

featuresithastoproducefordifferentairlines,withoutmakingitscustomers

feeltheyaregettingapureoff-the-pegproduct.Startingnextyear,Boeing

willalsocutatleast28,000jobs,mostofthemonthecommercial-aircraft

side.Someobserversthinkthetotalcutscouldendupnearer50,000.

Combinationofjobcutsandacomputerizedproduction-managementsystem

couldbegintodelivertheefficienciesthatBoeingfailedtocaptureduringthe

lastboom.OnereasontobelievethismighthappenisthatBoeing

CommercialAirplanesGroup（BCAG）isnolongerbeingrunday-to-day

byagung-hosalesmanshortonmanagementskills,butbyAlanMulally,the

manwhosuccessfullylaunchedBoeing’s777programmeandintheprocess

earnedareputationasagoodteamleader.

Mr.MulallyhasalreadyreorganizedBCAGintothreeproductdivisions,one

forsingle-aisleaircraft,onefortwin-aisle,andathirdtolookafteraircraftin

service.Thismimicstheproduct-basedstructurethatheforgedinthe

combineddefencebusinessesofBoeingandMcDonnellDouglasaftertheir

mergerlastyear.Eachdivisionhasresponsibilityforitsownprofits.Where

paper-shufflersandpartsmakersweredoingthesamejobfordifferent

models,systemsarebeingunifiedandjobscut.

UntilnowBoeing’sstructurehasbeendrivenbyengineeringormarketing;

nowsomeprofitaccountingisenteringitseverydaylife.Forinstance,ifthe

BCAGmarketingpeoplearedoingadealatapricethatthebossofadivision

reckonsistoocheap,henowhasthepowertoopposethem.Whetherhe

prevailsisamatterof“sometension”,admitsMr.Mulally.

Boeingisstartingtofeeltheimpactofthesechanges.Mr.Mulallysuspects

thatitwilltakeuntil2001toraiseBoeing’snetoperatingmarginon

passengerjetsfromthepresentmeasly1%totheraiseBoeing’snetoperating

marginonpassengerjetsfromthepresentmeasly1%tothetargetlevelof7-

8%setbyMr.Condit.ButifBoeinghitsitstargetofdelivering550jetsthis

year（whichlookslikely）,thatwillbethefirstsignthatitreallyisbouncing

back.

ThenextbigindicatorwillbewhetherBoeingcandoubleitsmarginson

passengerjetsinthecourseofnextyear.Itwillhavetodothisjustasthe

marketstartstoturndown.AlthoughBoeingisstillspeedingupproduction

todealwithitshealthybacklog,itwillinthenextfewweeksannouncemore

cutbackstotakeeffectlaternextyear,particularlyfor747s,muchaffectedby

theAsiancrisis,andforits777,onwhichthecompanypinsgreathopes.

InthestylishAirbusexecutivediningroom,champagnecorksarestill

poppingoveritsrecentsalessuccess.Thisweekitbaggedyetanotherbig

orderinLatinAmerica,amarketthatBoeingusedtoregardasitsown.Some

Airbusbosses,however,areworriedaboutgrowingcomplacencyatthe

consortium.Privately,theyacknowledgethatBoeinghaslearnedsomehard

lessonsandwillbebackonitsfeetinsidethreeyears,leanerandfitter.They

evendoubtwhetherAirbuscansurvivewithoutawholesalereorganizationof

Europe’saerospaceindustry,somethingthatistakingforevertohappen.

OnesourceoffuturedifficultyforAirbusmaybeitsplanned$10billion

“Boeing-beater”,the555-seatA3xx.Thisaircraft,settochallengetheBoeing

747’smonopolyover400-seaters,isduetobelaunchedbynextJune.But

mostobserversreckonthebiggrowthinairtravelwillbeinpoint-to-point

servicesinlong-haulaircraft,suchasBoeing’s777,orextendedversionsof

thebigAirbus330and340-allofwhichareslightlysmallerthantoday’s

jumbos,ratherthanbigger.TheA3xxissupposedtoenableAirbusto

challengeBoeing’sjumbomonopoly;butitmaybethatAirbusneedsthe

modelmorethanthemarketdoes.

Plaguedbypoliticians

YetitisEuropeanpoliticsthatistheconsortium’sbiggestcurrentheadache.

Airbuswassupposedtoconvertfromaconsortiumintoapropercompanyin

January1999,butthatdeadlinehasalreadyslipped;andargumentsamong

thepartners-France’sAerospatiale,Germany’sDaimlerChryslerAerospace,

BritishAerospaceandCASAofSpain-stoppedworkontheconversionafew

weeksback.

TherowisostensiblyaboutthecreationofaEuropeanAerospaceand

DefenceCompany.ButtherealcauseistheconcernoftheFrench

government,whichhasyettoprivatizeAerospatialefully,thattheGerman

andBritishcompaniesareplottingtodominatebothAirbusandthedefence

aerospacebusinessinEuropebymergingassoonastheycan,without

waitingforAerospatialetojoinin.Asablockingtactic,Aerospatialehas

stoppedtheprocessofevaluatingassetstobeputintotheAirbuscorporate

pot,whileitmergeswithtwootherFrenchgroups.

Airbus’snewdirector-general,NoelForgeard,saystheconversioncan’tnot

happen".Itwould,hesays,makeAirbusasflexibleasanymultinational,able

toswitchproductiontowhereitmakessense,andsomakebigcost-savings.

Meanwhile,withoutcompanystatus,Airbuswillstruggletoraisethemoney

itneedstocompetewitharesurgentBoeing-anditwillalsofinditharderto

rebuttheimminentattackfromtheAmericangovernment.

【答案】

波音和空中巴士曾有過貿(mào)易紛爭(zhēng)，雙方最終于1992年達(dá)成了協(xié)議，但現(xiàn)

在美聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易署正在調(diào)查波音和空中巴士的價(jià)格狀況，試圖再次向空中

巴士發(fā)起猛攻。

波音負(fù)責(zé)人表示，過去波音忽略了引擎系統(tǒng)的改革，今后波音將引進(jìn)新

系統(tǒng)，實(shí)施改革，同時(shí)還將在商務(wù)航行領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行裁員。裁員和自動(dòng)化生

產(chǎn)管理體制的引進(jìn)將會(huì)大大提高波音公司的效率。

通過改革，波音已經(jīng)有所復(fù)蘇，這使空中巴士在歡慶上一回合的勝利的

同時(shí)，也開始焦慮自身存在的一些問題。

然而空中巴士集團(tuán)最頭疼的問題源自歐洲的政治問題。歐洲的政治紛爭(zhēng)

使集團(tuán)無(wú)法取得公司地位，但集團(tuán)負(fù)責(zé)人表示他們會(huì)設(shè)法籌到足夠資金

與復(fù)蘇的波音較量，但要想回?fù)裘绹?guó)政府的攻擊還是相當(dāng)困難的。

PartSixWriting（30points）

Writeanessayofover300wordstosupportONEofthefollowing

conflictingopinions.Giveexampleseitheryourpersonalobservationsand

experiencesorsimplythingsyouhavereadthatwouldbackupyourview.

1．ThewaytheChinesewrite,i.e.thewaytheyorganizetheirthoughts,is

differentfromthewayEnglishspeakersdo.WhenChinesestudentsapply

theirChinesewayofthinkingintheirEnglishwriting,theymake

organizationalmistakes.

2．ThewaytheChinesewriteisessentiallythesameasEnglishspeakersdo.

Chinesestudentsshouldbeabletoorganizetheirthoughtswellintheir

Englishwriting.Theyhaveproblemsonlybecausetheyhavetodirecttoo

muchattentiontothegrammar,spellinganddictionofalanguagetheyare

notathomewith.

【參考范文】

ChineseoftenmakemistakesinEnglishwriting.Somepeopleattributethe

mistakestothedifferenceofthewayChineseandEnglishpeopleorganizing

theirthought.Theythinkthetwonationshavedifferentwayofthought,so

whenChineseapplytheirwayofthinkinginEnglishwriting,they’llmake

organizationalmistakes.Icannotagreewiththisopinion.

IthinkthewaytheChinesewriteisessentiallythesameastheEnglish

speakersdo:theybothhavetochooseatopic,proposeanargumentationand

thenusetheoriesandexamplestosupporttheiropinions.Bothoftheir

writingshouldbelogical,theexamplesandtheoriesrelevanttothetopicand

persuasiveenough.Therearenoseriouslogicalorstructuralmistakesin

Chinesestudents’Englishwriting.Soingeneral,thewaythetwonations

writeisthesame.

TheChinesestudentsareabletoorganizewelltheirthoughtsintheirEnglish

writing,andthereasonwhytheymakemistakesisthattheypaytoomuch

attentiontothegrammar,thespellinganddictionoftheEnglishlanguage,

whichtheycannotoperateasskillfullyastheirmothertongue.Iftoomuch

attentionispaidtothetrivialdetails,theChinesestudentswillignorethe

generalstructureoftheirwriting,andthustheywillmakemistakes.

Once,Igotverylowmarksinthecompositioncourse,because,thestructure

oftheessayisabitmessy—theteachertoldmeIusedtoomuchattribute

clauses,whichmakesthemeaningofthesentencesambiguous,sothereader

cannotunderstandwhatIwastryingtoexpressintheessay.LaterIexplained

tomyteacheralltheideasIwanttoexpressintheessay;heunderstandit

wellandpraisedmefortheinnovationofmyidea.Inthatcase,canyousayI

getlowmarksbecausemywayofthinkingisdifferentfrommyEnglish

teacher?Absolutelynot,ifso,whydidhepraisemeformyideaafterI

explainedittohim?IgotlowmarksbecauseIfocustoomuchonthediction,

andbecauseI’movertryingtooperatewellthesecondlanguage.

Tosumup,thereisnofundamentalandsignificantdifferenceinthewaythe

ChineseandtheEnglishwrite,andChinesestudentsmakemistakesintheir

Englishwritingjustbecausetherearenotfamiliarwiththelanguage.

2008年對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)院861綜合英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

PartOneTopicSentences(20points,5pointseach)

Completethefollowingpassagesbywritingineachoftheblanksatopic

sentence.WriteyouranswersonyourAnswerSheet.

Passage1

(1)___________________.Modernlifechangessoquickly.Today,jet

airplanesflyacrosstheoceansveryfast;forexample,itispossibletofly

fromLondontoNewYorkinthreeandahalfhoursontheConcordjet.

Fantastic!Also,wewatchtheOlympicGamesandotherinternationalevents

ontelevisionviasatellitesandindustrialoperations.Computersalsomake

communicationsbetweenpeopleeasierandfaster.

Otherchangesmaketheworldsmallertoo.Forinstance,morepeopletravel

abroadtoday.Businessmen,tourists,students,scientists,religiousleaders,

politicalleaders,andmoviestarsvisitmanycountrieseachyear.Studentsand

scientistsgotoforeignuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes;businessmenfrom

multinationalcompaniesworkintheirbranchofficesabroad.Nowadays,

foreigntouristsvisittheGreatWallofChina,takeatriptoAfrica,andwalk

throughthegreatcathedralsandmuseumsofEurope.Otherstraveltothe

HawaiianIslandsinthePacificOcean,cruisedowntheAmazonRiver,or

takelongtraintripsacrosstheAustraliancontinent.

(2)___________________.AustralianstoressellshoesmadeinSpainand

Italy;DutchshopssellshirtsfromChina,Korea,andPoland.Youngpeople

inmanycountriesallovertheworldbuyAmericanbluejeans.Today,there

arealsoAmericanhotelssuchasHiltons,Sheratons,andHolidayInnsin

manycountries,aswellasMcDonald’sandKentuckyFriedChicken

restaurants.AndmillionsofpeoplewatchinternationalnewsonSony

televisionsetsmadeinJapan.

Manypeoplepayfortheirjetairplanetrips,hotelrooms,importedclothing,

andtelevisionsetswithacreditcard,akindofuniversalcurrency.Themost

popularcreditcardsareVisa,MasterCard,AmericanExpress,DinersClub,

andCartBlanche.Insomeplaces,topayincashisunusual.Allthesemodern

changesmakeourworldasmallerplace—akindof“globalvillage”.

【答案】

(1)Everydayofourworldbecomessmallerandsmaller.

(2)Stylesofclothingaremoreandmoreuniversal,too.

Passage2

InsideChicago’stop-rankedWhitneyYoungHighSchool,thepostersstarted

appearinglastDecember.“Let’sBeNo1!”“Giveit110%!”Usuallythissort

ofpropagandasupportsthebasketballteam,butthiscampaignbythe

principalhadadifferentaim:urgingkidstoscorehighontheIllinoisGoal

AssessmentProgram,astandardizedtestthatstudentswouldtakein

February.TestsarenothingnewtothekidsatWhitneyYoung—theyalready

takethreeotherbatteriesofstandardizedexamseachyear.Butforagroupof

high-achieving11thgradersthepressurewasjusttoomuch.Thesekidssay

reallearningisbeingshovedasideasteachersfocusonboostingtestscores.

Creativewriting?Forgetit.