2019外研社版高中英語選修四 Unit 4 Everyday economics 知識清單(教師版)

閱讀單詞認讀foreheadn.chairwomann.sunrisen.bugn.inputn.phasen.manufacturern.cosmeticsn.bonusn.entrepreneurialadj.equatorn.estaten.calorien.freshmann.afloatadj.rationaladj.toddlern.designerclothestherebyadv.supervisionn.theftn.pursen.重點單詞識記__________adj.無表情的,木然的__________n.(事物的)潛力,可能性__________n.障礙,阻礙,妨礙__________v.購買__________adj.質量上乘的,優(yōu)質的__________adj.不濃烈的,淡的__________adj.主觀的__________v.介入;干涉__________v.超過,超出__________v.(短期的)租用,租借__________n.費用,花費__________n.濫用核心詞匯拓展__________adj.頭暈目眩的→__________adv.眩暈地→__________n.頭昏眼花__________adj.有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的;有事業(yè)心的;有進取心的→__________n.公司;企業(yè)__________n.(商品的)分銷,經(jīng)銷→__________vt.分發(fā);分配→__________n.經(jīng)銷商;分銷商__________n.指導,引導→__________v.指導;帶領n.向導;導游__________n.顧問→__________v.咨詢;商量;查閱__________adj.傳統(tǒng)的,常規(guī)的→__________n.習俗;常規(guī);慣例__________v.不公正地區(qū)別對待,歧視→__________n.歧視__________adj.財政的,金融的;財務的→__________n.財政;金融__________v.積累,積聚→__________n.積累__________adv.自動地→__________adj.自動的→__________v.使自動化__________n.令人悲傷的事,不幸→__________adj.使人傷心的;悲傷的__________n.懊喪,懊惱,沮喪→__________vt.使沮喪→__________adj.沮喪的→__________adj.令人沮喪的核心短語速記使收支僅能相抵妨礙,阻止陷入債務之中,負債出租(房屋、房間、土地等)attheexpenseof對……的反應bebittenbythe...bug與……相差甚遠;完全不同鱗次櫛比以最低價doafurtherfavour至于,關于passportn.護照passwordn.口令,密碼patternn.式樣peacefuladj.和平的;安寧的performern.執(zhí)行者;演奏者persuadevt.說服,勸說physicaladj.身體的;物理的plainadj.家常的;普通的plasticadj.塑料的pleasantadj.令人愉快的,舒適的pleasuren.高興,愉快poisonousadj.有毒的Thoughshewelcomesthenewentrepreneurialspirit,sheadvisesthatpeopleberealisticandseekguidancefromexpertconsultantsbeforerushingintothings.[advisethatsb(should)do]盡管她希望看到新的創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的涌現(xiàn),但她也建議人們要現(xiàn)實一些,在倉促行事之前先尋求專業(yè)顧問的指導。Whatreallymattersisasoundbusinessplan,accesstocapital,andgoodmanagementandnegotiatingskills.(Whatreallymattersis...)真正重要的是一個合理的商業(yè)計劃,獲得資金的渠道,以及良好的管理和談判技巧。What’smore,sharingencouragesustoreuseitems,therebycuttingdownonwaste.(doing作結果狀語)不僅如此,共享方式鼓勵我們將物品再次利用,從而減少浪費。Butthesharingeconomyisnotwithoutitsproblems.(雙重否定表示肯定)但共享經(jīng)濟并非沒有問題。Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.(as引導定語從句)正如世界各地新的經(jīng)濟活動領域經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況一樣,共享經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展速度超過了現(xiàn)有的法規(guī)或正在進行的監(jiān)管。Itisexpandingatsucharatethatwecanonlyimaginewhatitwillcompriseinthefuture.(such...that...)它擴張的速度如此之快,以至于我們只能想象它將來會包含什么。請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對答案并背誦該短文。guidance,conventional,dizzy,discriminate,hireMary,chairwomanofacosmeticsmanufacturingcompany,isanenterprisingperson.Theotherday,shesuddenlyfelt1.__________duringameeting,felltotheground,andgotabumponherforehead.Hercolleaguesallwentblankthen.Sinceherbeing2.__________bythecompany,thecompanyhasgrownrapidly.Underher3.__________,thecompanyhasabandonedthe4.__________productionprocess,adoptedinternationalcutting-edgetechnology,andproducedsuperiorcosmetics,whicharedeeplylovedbycustomersanddistributedallovertheworld.Thecompany’sfinancialsituationcontinuestoimprove,andworkers’wagesandbonusesarealsorising.Shealsoreformedtheemploymentmechanism,refusedto5.__________,putcompetentpeopleintheleadingpositions,andwonthesupportandloveofthestaff.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestputherhealthinpotentialdanger.Thereby,fromthatdayon,shedecidedtocaremoreaboutherself.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯distributionn.(商品的)分銷,經(jīng)銷(distributevt.分發(fā);分配)distribute...to...把……分給……distribute...among...在……中分發(fā)……Tentsandclotheshavebeendistributed__________theearthquakevictims.Iftheyeatthefruit,theycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothe__________(distribute)ofthespecies.我告訴那些國際學生,茶廣泛分布在全國各地。Itellthoseinternationalstudentsthattea____________________alloverthecountry.guidancen.引導;指導[guiden.指南;指導;導游,向導vt.給某人領路;指引;指導;帶領;影響(某人的行為);(向某人)解釋,闡明]undertheguidanceofsb＝undersb’sguidance在某人的指導下guidesbto...領某人去……(to為介詞)Heguidedthechairwoman__________thehalltoattendthegreatwedding.Wewereguidedbyalocalguideandvisitedthesplendidstatue.,wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫),wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用with復合結構改寫),wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用獨立主格結構改寫),wevisitedthesplendidstatue.(用介詞短語改寫)consultantn.顧問(consultv.咨詢;請教;商量;查閱;參看)consultsbabout/onsth向某人咨詢/請教某事consultwithsbabout/onsth就某事與某人商量I’ma34-year-oldman,married,liveinanicehouse,andhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducational__________(consult).你最好不要每次遇到生詞就查字典。You’dbetternot________________________________________everytimeyoucomeacrossanewword.我寫信是想和你商量一下我們周末的約會。I’mwritingto______________________________scheduledfortheweekend.用法點撥consult作“請教;咨詢;查閱”解時,多用作及物動詞;作“商量”解時,多用作不及物動詞,后跟withsb,意為“和某人商量”。關于“查字典”的表達有consultadictionary,refertoadictionary,lookup...inadictionary等。expensen.費用,花費;花銷,開支cutdownonone’sexpenses節(jié)省開支coverone’sdailyexpense支付某人的日常開支atone’sexpense由某人付費/負擔費用attheexpenseof以……為代價Thisprinteryoupurchasedyesterdayisofgoodquality.Ifitshouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairit__________ourexpense.Ifhedidn’tcutdownonhis__________(expense),hewouldnotmakeendsmeet.如今,越來越多的女孩以犧牲健康為代價試圖變得苗條。Nowadaysmoreandmoregirlstrytobecomeslim______________________________.makeendsmeet使收支僅能相抵;量入為出cometoanend結束put/bringanendto結束……endupwith...以……結束/告終endupdoingsth最終做了某事endupas...最后成為……Thepartybeganwithdancingandendedup__________abeautifulsong.Afterworkingherwayaroundtheworld,sheendedup__________(teach)Englishatacollege.Althoughthetestendedup__________afailure,Marydidn’tloseheartbecausesheknewherparentswouldbetherebyher.由于失業(yè)了,還要養(yǎng)活兩個小孩,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)無法維持收支平衡。Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren,theyfound______________________________.gointodebt陷入債務之中,負債fall/get/runintodebt借債;負債payoffone’sdebts還清債務bein/outofdebt欠/不欠債oweadebtofgratitudetosb欠某人的情I’mheavily__________debtatthemoment,buthopetobe__________ofdebtwhenIgetpaid.Ioweadebtofgratitude__________myfather,whohasalwayssupportedme.人們開始關注這個賣爆米花的小男孩。每周Bernard都有至少50分的收入帶回家,通常比這更多。很快他家還清了所有的欠款。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)Peoplebegantopayattentiontothelittlepopcornboy,andeveryweekhehadatleastfiftycentstotakehome,andoftenmore.Soon,hisfamily____________________.as引導定語從句Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.正如世界各地新的經(jīng)濟活動領域經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況一樣,共享經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展速度超過了現(xiàn)有的法規(guī)或正在進行的監(jiān)管。as引導非限制性定語從句時常見的結構有：asisoftenthecase情況常常如此asisknowntousall/asweallknow眾所周知asissaidabove如上所述asoftenhappens這種情況常常發(fā)生asyoucansee正如你所看到的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述__________issaidabove,hehasjumpedoutoftheconventionalpractice.我們能夠從歷史中找到一些問題的解決方法,這是常有的事。____________________,wecanprobablyfindsolutionstosomeproblemsfromhistory.眾所周知,興趣是最好的老師。______________________________,interestisthebestteacher.(as引導的非限制性定語從句)_________________________interestisthebestteacher.(what引導的主語從句)____________________interestisthebestteacher.(it作形式主語)用法點撥as引導非限制性定語從句時是關系代詞,用來指代整個句子的內(nèi)容,有“正如”之意,常放于主句之前,有時也可放在主句之后或主句之中。which也可以引導非限制性定語從句,用來指代整個句子的內(nèi)容,但它只能放在主句后,表示前面這句話帶來的某種結果。(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.第二組在教練的指導下進行4天或以上的高強度有氧運動。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.法案規(guī)定,所有16歲及以上的狩獵者必須購買并持有鴨票才能合法狩獵。(2021·天津)Thatway,youwillavoidpotentialtimedelaysingettingtoyourclasses.這樣一來,你就可以避免在去上課時可能出現(xiàn)的時間延誤。(2021·天津)Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.這位醫(yī)生是一位詩人和哲學家的同時,更是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生,除了良好的醫(yī)療技能,他能給病人更多其他的東西。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking”.通常情況下,當你站起來發(fā)表演講時,你會以犧牲“演講”為代價來關注“公眾”。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙blankA.n.空白處,空格B.adj.無表情的,木然的C.adj.空白的Putawordineachblanktocompletethesentence.WhenIheardthenewsthatthescholarwaskilled,mymindwentblank.IhadafewblankfacesandblankeyeswhenIwasdeliveringaspeech.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。Thekingofthekingdomcan’tacceptevenmildcriticismofhiswork.__________Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourpurchase,wewillgiveyouafullrefund.__________核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識Itmightbehardtomake__________(end)meetifyouspendenormousamountofmoneyoncosmeticsespeciallywhenyoursalaryisnothigh.Hisincomeonlymeetsbasicliving__________(expense).Sohisfamilylivesasimplelife.Accordingtohisperformance,hehasthepotential__________(work)asaconsultant.__________wasexpected,thegeniusstoodoutthankstohisintelligence,hardworkandperseverance.Theresponse__________ouradvertisementhasbeensomewhatdisappointingforsomeunknownreasons.Sofarclothesandblankets__________(distribute)totheearthquakevictimsbythemanufacturers.Thehistorianknowshowtogiveproper__________(guide)tostudentsinhisteaching,contributingalottotheirimprovement.Mybestfriendwaschosenforthejobbecauseshewasfarsuperior__________anyothercandidates.As__________howtostrengthencooperationamongtheemployees,hedidn’tgiveanyexplanation.Ihavesome__________(purchase)tomakeattheexpo.Wouldyouliketogowithme?單句寫作——應用文增分練(安全使用網(wǎng)絡的建議)如此大量的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶被欺騙,這已經(jīng)成為人們關注的一個主要問題。(such...that...)部分原因是我們在使用公共計算機在線購物時,我們的私人信息將被記錄在計算機中,從而泄露了信息。(doing作狀語)毫無疑問以我們私人信息為代價上網(wǎng)是不明智的。(attheexpenseof)首先,我主張的是我們要使用熟悉的購物網(wǎng)站。(what引導主語從句)其次,我建議在注冊購物網(wǎng)站時使用加強密碼并更新防病毒軟件。(advisethat)微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]情感描寫blankadj.無表情的,木然的dizzyadj.頭暈目眩的sorrown.令人悲傷的事,不幸frustrationn.懊喪,懊惱,沮喪動作描寫purchasev.購買discriminatev.不公正地區(qū)別對待,歧視interferewith妨礙,阻止gointodebt陷入債務之中,負債→beindebt欠債accumulatev.積累,積聚hirev.(短期的)租用,租借rentout出租(房屋、房間、土地等)人物描寫guidancen.指導,引導consultantn.顧問conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的,常規(guī)的mildadj.不濃烈的,淡的freshmann.(高中或大學的)一年級學生enterprisingadj.有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的;有事業(yè)心的;有進取心的theftn.偷竊,偷盜[續(xù)寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯,完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。這個小女孩特別貧窮,家庭負債累累。路過面包店時,她感到快要餓暈了。然而她找不到去買一片面包的錢。她充滿了沮喪和悲傷。她討厭偷竊。她告訴自己,當有錢時,她會還的。她伸出手,抓起面包,正要轉過身時,發(fā)現(xiàn)店主就站在她面前。她的頭腦一片空白,她不知道該如何回應。然而,店主卻告訴她,面包是放在那里供顧客品嘗的,并要求她品嘗并發(fā)表評論！多年以后,盡管她積累了大量財富,她還是保持著去面包店的習慣。Thelittlegirlwasverypoorandherfamily.Walkingpastthebakery,shefeltsohungryandalittledizzy.However,shecouldn’tfindmoneytoandshewasfullof.Shehatedtheft.Shetoldherselfthatwhenshehadmoney,shewouldpayback.Sheheldoutherhand,grabbedthebread,andinfrontofher.Hermindwentblank,.However,theownertoldherthebreadwasputthereforcustomerstohaveatasteandrequestedhertotasteandmakeacomment!Manyyearslater,althoughsheaccumulatedgreatwealth,shekeptthehabitofvisitingthebakery.詞形變化填空(每小題3分,共15分)Althoughherlifewasfullofsorrows,peopleseldomsawhersorrowfullooks.(sorrow)Igotthefirstprizewithmyteacherguidingme.Iwillworkharderinreturnfor