2020高考英語課標(biāo)：-完形填空課件

第二部分語篇攻堅專題十三完形填空-3-2015~2019天津高考完形填空考點統(tǒng)計

-4-從2015~2019年天津高考完形填空題的考點統(tǒng)計來看,選項設(shè)計基本上是實詞,其中動詞和名詞占比重最多,尤其是2019年天津卷,完形填空的選項全部為實詞,其中名詞占4個,動詞(短語)占9個,形容詞4個,副詞1個。動詞和名詞占了65%。所以,完形填空的考查重點不在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上,而在詞匯意義上。完形填空是高考試卷中得分率相對較低的一個題型。該題型重點考查考生三方面的能力:-5-一、對文章的大意歸納和具體語境的聯(lián)想能力。考生面對的是一篇被挖掉20個詞(組)的“殘缺不全”的文章,結(jié)合所提供的備選答案通過聯(lián)想、分析和判斷,準(zhǔn)確地勾勒出故事發(fā)生的場景,即文章提供的語境是解題的關(guān)鍵。二、對考綱常用詞匯的詞義掌握能力。該題型實際就是要求考生從四個選項中選出一個適合文章語境的詞匯,從而使文章合乎邏輯、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確?？忌挥袦?zhǔn)確地記住各選項的含義,才能進(jìn)行比較與正確地選擇。三、從文章中尋找暗示的能力。每個答案的選擇都不是盲目進(jìn)行的,考生需要根據(jù)上下文所提供的暗示和線索,通過邏輯分析和判斷,確定適合題目的最佳選項。綜上所述,完形填空能力的提高不僅需要足夠的詞匯量來支撐,還必須配以適量的練習(xí)積累解題的技巧和方法。-6-考查方向高考完形填空題的選材以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主,說明文和議論文的出現(xiàn)頻率較低。無論哪種題材的文章,在閱讀選詞時,考生都不能忽視下面幾個技巧:1.重視首句。文章第一句一般不設(shè)空,所以應(yīng)該充分利用首句所提供的信息推測文章大意。2.留意暗示。大部分的題目都能從上下文中找到選擇的依據(jù)或者暗示。考生在閱讀時切忌走馬觀花,務(wù)必關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié),留意提示。3.預(yù)判答案?？忌谄綍r訓(xùn)練的過程中應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)一種預(yù)判答案的能力,也就是根據(jù)上文的邏輯主動思維,在看選項前提前判斷后面的題目可能的答案。-7-經(jīng)典例題(2018·天津卷)Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown

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.

Ilearnedthislessonfroma(n)

2

manyyearsago.Itookthehead

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jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.

-8-Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamtoplayagainstthe

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teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticeto

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thegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Icouldn’t

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Ihadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,Icameto

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thatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere

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me.Ihadtochangemy

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abouttheirabilityandpotential.

IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle

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.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlike

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.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheir

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,wemeteverydayand

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passingandkickingthefootball.

-9-Sixmonthsaftersufferingour

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onthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedto

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.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea

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forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest

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ofmylife!

FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercan

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themembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand

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them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves

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,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.

Winnersaremade,notborn.-10-1.A.luck

B.tests C.efforts D.nature2.A.experiment B.experience C.visit

D.show3.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching4.A.successful B.excellent C.strong D.new5.A.cheerfor B.preparefor C.helpwith D.finishwith6.A.believe B.agree C.describe D.regret7.A.realize B.claim C.permit D.demand8.A.reactingto B.lookingfor C.dependingon D.caringabout9.A.decision B.attitude C.conclusion D.intention10.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship-11-11.A.leaders B.partners C.winners D.learners12.A.rewards B.vacations C.health D.honor13.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practiced14.A.defeat B.decline C.accident D.mistake15.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend16.A.shame B.burden C.victory D.favor17.A.chances B.thrills C.concerns D.offers18.A.surprise B.serve C.interest D.affect19.A.encouraged B.observed C.protected D.impressed20.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently-12-語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者帶領(lǐng)的學(xué)校足球隊輸給了一支沒有教練、毫無準(zhǔn)備的足球隊。他反思之后,采取信任和鼓勵的教學(xué)方式,帶領(lǐng)他的球隊取得了一次又一次的勝利,因此得出了結(jié)論:勝利者不是天生的。而是后天努力造就的。-13-思路點撥完形填空的解題思路一般從三個方面考慮:直接暗示、間接推理和常識判斷。也就是說,有些題目能從上下文直接找到明顯的詞句暗示,有些必須通過語段或全文的邏輯分析推理才能斷定,有的題目則需要根據(jù)生活常識和經(jīng)驗得出答案。1.C

【間接推理】根據(jù)“No

one

is

born

a

winner.”推斷勝利者都是通過自己的“努力”造就的。effort“努力”;test“考驗,驗證”;nature“自然,天性”;luck“運氣”。故選C項。2.B

【間接推理】縱觀全文可以看出,文章講的是作者很多年前的一段經(jīng)歷,故選experience。experiment“實驗”;visit“參觀,拜訪”;show“表演,展示”。-14-3.D

【直接暗示】根據(jù)第三段中的“Being

the

coach

of

the

new

team...”可知,作者接受了一份教練的工作,故選D項。operate“操作”;edit“編輯”;consult“咨詢”;coach“教練”。4.D

【間接推理】根據(jù)第三段句首的old

team

和play

against推斷,應(yīng)該是old

team和new

team

對陣,故選D項。successful“成功的”;excellent“優(yōu)秀的”;strong“強壯的”;new“新的”。5.B

【間接推理】從空白處前面的“The

old

team

had

no

coach...”和后句的“I

knew

we

were

going

to

win...”可以推斷the

old

team甚至沒有為比賽做準(zhǔn)備。故選B項。cheer

for

“為……歡呼”;prepare

for

“為……做準(zhǔn)備”;help

with

“幫助”;finish

with

“完成”。-15-6.A

【間接推理】從上句“...I

knew

were

going

to

win,but

to

my

disappointment

we

were

defeated.”可以推知作者無法“相信”失敗這一事實。故選A項。believe“相信”;agree“同意”;describe“描述”;regret“后悔,遺憾”。7.A

【間接推理】根據(jù)該句前半部分的Thinking

hard

about

it可以推知,作者在認(rèn)真考慮之后,“開始意識到”他的球隊也許不是佐治亞州最好的球隊(之前他過于自信了),故選A項,come

to

realize意為“開始意識到;逐漸意識到”。claim“聲明,要求”;permit“允許”;demand“要求”。8.C

【常識判斷】因為作者是球隊的教練,根據(jù)常識不難判斷,球隊的成長和獲勝“依靠”他的指導(dǎo),故選C項。depend

on

“依靠,信賴”;react

to

“對……做出反應(yīng)”;look

for

“尋找”;care

about

“關(guān)心,擔(dān)心”。-16-9.B

【間接推理】從第三段中的I

was

excited

和to

my

disappointment可知,作者經(jīng)歷了從盲目樂觀到非常失望的心理歷程,球隊隊員也應(yīng)該陷入了失敗后的低迷狀態(tài)。因此,反思之后,作者應(yīng)該會改變他對隊員能力和潛力的認(rèn)知和態(tài)度。故選B項。decision“決定”;attitude“態(tài)度”;conclusion“結(jié)論”;intention“打算,意圖”。10.A

【常識判斷】根據(jù)常識可以判斷,遭遇失敗的隊員最需要的是重新建立自信和自尊。故選pride(自豪,自尊心)。culture“文化”;fortune“運氣,財富”;relationship“關(guān)系”。11.C

【間接推理】從倒數(shù)第二段中的Instead

of

seeing

my

boys

as

losers可以推知,作者開始把他的隊員當(dāng)作勝利者對待,故選C項。leader“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,領(lǐng)袖”;partner“伙伴;搭檔”;winner“勝利者;贏家”;learner“學(xué)習(xí)者;學(xué)員”。-17-12.B

【間接推理】此處作者將他的球隊跟其他球隊做了對比。根據(jù)“...we

met

every

day...and

kicking

the

football.”可以推知,他的球隊在訓(xùn)練,而別的球隊隊員正在享受著假期,enjoy

one’s

vacation

“享受假期;度假”。reward

“回報”;health

“健康”;honour

“榮譽”。13.D

【常識判斷】根據(jù)常識可知,passing

and

kicking

the

football(傳球和踢球)是足球的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容。risk“冒險”;miss“想念;錯過”;consider“考慮,認(rèn)為”;practice“練習(xí),實踐”。14.A

【直接暗示】該處指作者初任該隊教練時的那次比賽失利,第三段中提到

to

my

disappointment

we

were

defeated,所以選A項。defeat“戰(zhàn)敗”;decline“下降;衰退”;accident“意外事故”;mistake“錯誤”。-18-15.B

【間接推理】從該句上半句的we

won

our

first

game

and

our

second

和該段倒數(shù)第二句My

boys

beat

the

best

team

in

Georgia可以推知,作者帶的球隊一直在提高,所以improve(改善,提高)符合句意。relax“放松”;expand“擴張”;defend“保衛(wèi);防御”。16.C

【間接推理】上文提到作者將隊員們當(dāng)作勝者看待,并且隊員們一直在獲勝、提高,況且這次他們面對的是州排名第一的球隊,由此推知,作者表示即使這次比賽失敗了,雖敗猶榮。故選C項。shame“羞愧,遺憾”;burden“負(fù)擔(dān)”;victory“勝利”;favor“支持,幫忙”。17.B

【常識判斷】根據(jù)生活常識可以判斷,隊員們戰(zhàn)勝了州排名第一的球隊,這應(yīng)該成為作者教練生涯中最激動人心的經(jīng)歷之一。故選B項。chance“機會”;thrill“令人激動的事情”;concern“關(guān)心,擔(dān)憂”;offer“出價,提供”。-19-18.D

【間接推理】回顧上文內(nèi)容可知,作者作為教練改變了態(tài)度以后,帶領(lǐng)他的球隊由弱到強,直至全州第一。作者從這段經(jīng)歷中悟出:教練的態(tài)度對球隊成員的影響是多么大。故選D項。surprise“使驚訝”;serve“服務(wù)”;interest“使感興趣”;affect“影響”。19.A

【間接推理】從第四段第一句的help

them

build

a

little

pride和空白處前的pushed可以判斷,作者一直在鼓勵他的隊員,故選A項。observe“觀察,遵守,慶?！?protect“保護(hù)”;impress“給……留下印象”;encourage“鼓勵”。20.D

【間接推理】縱觀全文,作者在他的球隊比賽失利時,他把隊員們看作winner,而不是loser,因此,他幫助球員們改變了他們對自己的看法(see

themselves

differently),從而建立了自信,走向了勝利。故選D項。differently“不同地”;honestly“誠實地”;individually“個體地”;calmly“冷靜地”。-20-Passage

1(2019·江蘇卷)Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物種)thatare

1

everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto

2

thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.

ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir

3

.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir

4

sinceshearrivedin2004.

-21-Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas

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byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected

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,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad

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takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She

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tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada

9

forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit

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forhertobecomeamother.

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,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinction(滅絕)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda

12

ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This

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Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.

-22-Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe

14

,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe

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,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.

16

,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.

Howcanwe

17

theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe

18

:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir

19

heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter

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.

-23-1.A.growing

B.migrating C.competing D.disappearing2.A.ban B.save C.split

D.remove3.A.abortion B.recreation C.reproduction D.administration4.A.care B.eye C.mind

D.story5.A.found B.chosen C.raised D.seized6.A.bonus B.consequence C.victory D.sacrifice7.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully8.A.liked B.refused C.decided D.hesitated9.A.gift B.skill C.concern D.reputation10.A.illegal B.inspiring C.important D.impossible-24-11.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead12.A.combination B.collection C.strategy D.system13.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled14.A.defeated B.grateful C.assured D.tolerant15.A.list B.rise C.agenda D.decline16.A.Incontrast B.Afterall C.Bytheway D.Onthecontrary17.A.leave B.bridge C.open

D.identify18.A.course B.excuse C.answer D.reward19.A.brains B.behaviors C.services D.projects20.A.guide B.treat C.example

D.companion-25-【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一只雌丹頂鶴從小被人類喂養(yǎng)長大,她拒絕與雄丹頂鶴生活在一起。為了讓她擔(dān)負(fù)起繁育后代的重任,動物園的兩位管理員絞盡腦汁,最終成功地讓她誕下五只小丹頂鶴。兩位動物管理員為拯救瀕臨滅絕的野生動物丹頂鶴做出了巨大的努力。1.D

解析:根據(jù)第一句的句意以及其中的threatened一詞可知,此處選擇D項,表示“每天都有物種在消失”。2.B

解析:根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及下文講述的故事可知,此處選擇save表示“拯救這些物種,使它們不會消失”。3.C

解析:根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,幫助這種瀕危的丹頂鶴繁殖后代是該動物園工作人員的重要使命。下文也出現(xiàn)了reproduction一詞。-26-4.A

解析:根據(jù)句意并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知,這只叫做Emma的雌丹頂鶴自2004年以來一直在他們的照顧之下。5.C

解析:根據(jù)上文的“Born

at

an

international

crane

foundation”可知,這只雌丹頂鶴是被人類的管理員飼養(yǎng)長大的。6.B

解析:根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容,尤其是下文的“though

she

had

a

wonderful

time

there”可知,丹頂鶴Emma被人類飼養(yǎng)長大,導(dǎo)致了一個意想不到的后果。7.A

解析:根據(jù)下文的“become

deeply

attached

to

humans”可知,丹頂鶴Emma從來沒有把自己當(dāng)成是一只鶴,她深深地迷戀人類。8.B

解析:根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,由于Emma誤把自己當(dāng)成了人類中的一員,她拒絕與雄丹頂鶴生活在一起。9.D

解析:根據(jù)上下文語境可知,這只拒絕與雄丹頂鶴一起生活的雌丹頂鶴甚至因殺死了一些雄丹頂鶴而聞名。have

a

reputation

for“以……聞名”。have

a

gift

for“有……天賦”。-27-10.D

解析:根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,誤把自己當(dāng)成了人類中的一員的Emma,拒絕與雄丹頂鶴生活在一起,甚至殺死雄丹頂鶴,自然,她不可能當(dāng)媽媽,生育后代。11.C

解析:根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,讓瀕危的丹頂鶴繁殖后代的任務(wù)非常艱巨,然而,兩位動物管理員沒有放棄努力和信心。12.A

解析:根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,兩位動物管理員采用人工繁殖與自然繁殖相結(jié)合的方式,使Emma成功地當(dāng)上了媽媽。13.D

解析:根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,此處表示“使得Emma能夠生下五只小丹頂鶴”,不是強迫、禁止和教導(dǎo)。enable“使能夠”符合語境。14.C

解析:根據(jù)語境可知,保護(hù)野生動物的前景不容樂觀,在他們放心之前,還需要做很多的努力。-28-15.D

解析:根據(jù)下文的“headed

toward

extinction”可知,野生丹頂鶴的數(shù)量還在不斷下降,前景堪憂。on

the

decline“在逐漸下降”,符合語境。16.B

解析:很多野生動物瀕臨滅絕;畢竟,不是所有人都能意識到野生動物有思想、有情感,最重要的是,有平等的生存權(quán)。in

contrast“相反”;after

all“畢竟”;by

the

way“順便說一句”;on

the

contrary“正相反”。17.B

解析:根據(jù)語境可知,如何彌合人類與其他動物之間不斷擴大的鴻溝是一個艱巨的任務(wù),需要我們共同面對。bridge在此處為動詞,意為“彌合;消除”。-29-18.C

解析:根據(jù)上文的問題以及兩位動物管理員的成功做法可知,他們二位給出了我們答案。19.A

解析:根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的their

hearts可知,此處表示“人類想當(dāng)然地以為他們的頭腦里有所有的解決方案”。20.A

解析:根據(jù)所在句子的句意以及全文內(nèi)容可知,在解決問題的過程中,大腦固然重要,但是全心全意地投入可能更能引導(dǎo)我們找到解決問題的方法。-30-Passage

2(2018·天津卷春)Yearsoflivingwithalisp(口齒不清)hadtaughtmeitwasbetternottosayanythingthantospeakandriskembarrassment.Asaresultofmy

1

,Ifeltdistancedfrommostofmypeers(同齡人).“Kathy?Oh,she’squiet.”That’swhatmostpeoplewouldsaywhenthey

2

me,asif“Quiet”werepartofmy

3

.Iwasokaywiththat.Ididn’tneedtobe

4

.

LastSeptember,however,thatall

5

.IstartedmycreativewritingclasswithMs.Haist.Everydaywewouldbegivenadifferentwritingtaskand,ifwewished,wecould

6

whatwehadwritten.I

7

listeningtoothersreadtheirworkandthinking:“Thatwillneverbeme.I’llneverhavethe

8

todothat.”

-31-Oneday,Iwasreally

9

withwhatIhadwrittenandwantedtoshare.MyheartwasbeatingwildlyasIraisedmyhand.Those

10

littlevoiceswereringinginmyear,“Youhavealisp,remember?

11

,yourwritingisn’tthatgood.Bequiet.”Iwasaboutto

12

myhandwhenImetMs.Haist’sencouragingeyes.

Iswallowedthevoicesdownandletmyrealvoice

13

.Icouldhearit

14

asIread,andIcouldheareverystutter(結(jié)巴)andmistake.Ifinishedreading,waitingtobelaughedat.

15

,IheardclapsfromtheclassandpraisefromMs.Haist.

-32-Thenextday,Ididit

16

.SoonIwasreadingoutloudnearlyeveryday.Gradually,Irealizedthat

17

mylisp,theclassandtheteacheralwaysappreciatedmywriting.NowImaystillnotbethemost

18

,socialperson,butI’vebecomebetteratoralpresentations.I

19

readmypoetryoutloudatareadingclub.

Everytimethoselittlevoicestrytotellmetobequiet,IthinkofalltheencouragementIreceivedinclassandIknowthatI

20

tobeheard.

-33-1.A.embarrassment B.excitement C.humor D.silence2.A.heardfrom B.talkedof C.calledon D.lookedfor3.A.name B.opinion C.duty

D.business4.A.seen B.heard C.followed D.protected5.A.disappeared B.returned C.developed D.changed6.A.examine B.practice C.share

D.copy7.A.regret B.consider C.imagine D.remember8.A.time B.courage C.patience D.evidence9.A.busy B.strict C.pleased D.disappointed10.A.tired B.urgent C.funny D.cheerful-34-11.A.Besides B.Otherwise

C.Therefore D.Normally12.A.touch B.wave C.extend D.withdraw13.A.godown B.dieaway C.comeout D.calmdown14.A.shaking B.singing C.shouting D.deepening15.A.Sadly B.Hopefully C.Honestly D.Unexpectedly16.A.again B.alone C.already D.anyway17.A.thanksto B.insteadof C.despite D.except18.A.serious B.outgoing C.nervous D.hardworking19.A.even B.still C.only

D.seldom20.A.fear B.agree C.deserve D.pretend-35-【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者口齒不清,很少在課堂上發(fā)言,但在老師和同學(xué)們的鼓勵下,她成功克服心理障礙,并變得開朗起來。1.D

解析:由下文的信息詞quiet可知答案為D項。2.B

解析:由上文的話可知,此處表達(dá)當(dāng)他們說起“我”時。talk

of

“談到,說到”。3.A

解析:此處表示“人們總是把我的名字和‘沉默寡言’聯(lián)系在一起”。4.B

解析:由下文她在課堂上讀自己的作文,在讀書俱樂部讀自己寫的詩,并結(jié)合文章最后的to

be

heard可知選B項。5.D

解析:由設(shè)空前表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞however及下文的敘述可知,一切都改變了。-36-6.C

解析:由下文作者聽其他同學(xué)讀他們的作文,并結(jié)合下段第一句中的wanted

to

share可判斷此處應(yīng)填“share”。7.D

解析:此處在回憶之前的情景,故選D項。8.B

解析:作者由于口齒不清所以沒有勇氣站起來讀自己的作文。9.C

解析:作者對自己寫的東西很滿意,所以才會想要去分享。be

pleased

with“對……滿意”;be

busy

with“忙于”;be

strict

with“對……要求嚴(yán)格”;be

disappointed

with“對……失望”。10.B

解析:結(jié)合13空前的內(nèi)容及最后一段開頭的“Every

time

those

little

voices

try

to

tell

me

to

be

quiet...”可知urgent(急切的)符合語境。-37-11.A

解析:前文說自己口齒不清,后文又說自己作文寫得并不好。前后為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,故選A項。besides“此外,而且”;otherwise“否則,要不然”;therefore“因此,所以”;normally“正常地,通常地”。12.D

解析:在“我”想到自己的不足后,想要把舉起的手放下。withdraw“抽回(手、手臂、手指等)”,符合語境。13.C

解析:此處與前面的I

swallowed

the

voices

down對應(yīng),故選C項。14.A

解析:由下文的“I

could

hear

every

stutter

and

mistake”可知,自己的聲音應(yīng)該是“顫抖的(shaking)”。15.D

解析:上文說自己在等著被嘲笑,下文又說等來的是同學(xué)們的掌聲和老師的表揚,這是自己沒有想到的。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”;sadly“不幸地”;hopefully“有希望地”;honestly“誠實地”。-38-16.A

解析:下文提到以后“我”幾乎每天都會大聲地朗讀,所以說第二天“我”再次像前一天一樣大膽地在大家面前讀作文。alone“獨自”;already“已經(jīng)”;anyway“無論如何”。17.C

解析:此處表示讓步,故選C項。despite“盡管”;thanks

to“多虧,幸虧”;instead

of“代替,而不是”;except“除……之外”。18.B

解析:根據(jù)下文的social

person可知,此處應(yīng)意為“開朗的,外向的(outgoing)”。19.A

解析:此處表示遞進(jìn),故選副詞“even(甚至)”。still“依然,仍然”;only“僅僅”;seldom“很少”。20.C

解析:“我”有了信心,所以“我”認(rèn)為自己的聲音值得(deserve)被大家聽到。-39-Passage

3(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I

1

theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto

2

afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t

3

enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour

4

wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which

5

Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s

6

.Icouldhardlywaitto

7

him.

-40-MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis

8

wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit

9

thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto

10

theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto

11

whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,

12

,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat

13

andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe

14

.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe

15

me:“Theabsolutemostimportant

16

thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood

17

.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto

18

asituation,processwhatyouropponent(對手)isdoingand

19

thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy

20

asajournalist.

-41-1.A.putforward B.jumpedat C.triedout D.turneddown2.A.waste B.earn C.save

D.pay3.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired4.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor5.A.urged B.demanded C.held

D.meant6.A.fastest B.easiest C.best

D.rarest7.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat8.A.chance B.qualification C.honor

D.job9.A.real B.perfect C.clear

D.possible10.A.attend B.pass C.skip

D.observe-42-11.A.add B.expose C.apply

D.compare12.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally13.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment14.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation15.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised16.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill17.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments18.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control19.A.announce B.signal C.block

D.evaluate20.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior-43-【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者上大二期間,跟著一位國際大師學(xué)習(xí)思維棋。作者不僅學(xué)到了下棋的技巧,而且也學(xué)到了超越課堂的生活技巧。1.B

解析:根據(jù)上文提到的“a

‘free’

course”和下文的“who

doesn’t

want

to

2

a

few

dollars”可知,作者也想省錢,所以欣然接受這個主意。jump

at“欣然接受”符合語境。put

forward“提出”;try

out“試驗”;turn

down“拒絕”都與語境不符。

2.C

解析:根據(jù)上文提到的“offering

a

‘free’

course”可知,此處應(yīng)填save,意為“節(jié)省”。3.A

解析:上文作者提到他總是想學(xué)棋,結(jié)合前面表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系的連詞詞組even

if可知,此處填excited。be

excited

about“對……感到興奮”。-44-4.D

解析:根據(jù)下文的“He

was

an

international

grandmaster”可知,此處指的是作者的指導(dǎo)老師,所以選D項。5.D

解析:指導(dǎo)老師是國際大師,這就“意味著”作者會跟著下棋最好者之一學(xué)習(xí),所以選D項。6.C

解析:見5題解析。fastest“最快的”;easiest“最容易的”;rarest“最罕見的”,都不符合語境。7.B

解析:此處表達(dá)作者當(dāng)時的急切心情:迫不及待想見到那位老師,所以選B項。8.D

解析:根據(jù)上文的“a

former

graduate

returning

to

teach”以及下文的“...no

game

for

him;

he

meant

business”可知,此處指的是他的這份工作。9.C

解析:make

it

clear

that...“說明白;講明白”,可看作是固定句式。-45-10.B

解析:根據(jù)下文的“we

had

to

write

a

paper...(我們必須要寫一篇論文……)”可知,此處指的是“通過這門課程”,所以選B項。attend“上(課)”;skip“逃(課)”;observe“觀察”都不符合語境。11.C

解析:根據(jù)下文的“to

our

future

professions”可知,此處為“apply...to...”短語,意為“把……應(yīng)用到……上”。12.A

解析:句意:我們需要寫一篇如何計劃把課上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用到未來的職業(yè)中,最后應(yīng)用到我們的生活中的論文。根據(jù)句意可知選A項。eventually“最后”;naturally“自然地”;directly“直接地”;normally“正常地”。13.C

解析:文章第一句中的“I

was

told

that

the

education

department

was

offering

a

‘free’

course”中有提示。此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。-46-14.B

解析:根據(jù)上文“...learned

life

lessons

that

have

served

me

well

beyond

the...”中的“l(fā)ife

lessons”可知,所以選B項。15.A

解析:根據(jù)指代關(guān)系可知,此處的he指的是作者的指導(dǎo)老師Ashley,所以選A項。16.D

解析:根據(jù)下文提到的“when

you

play

chess”可知,此處指下棋的技巧,所以選D項。17.B

解析:make

decisions“做決定”。此處意為“下棋最重要的技巧是如何做決定”。grade“分?jǐn)?shù)”;impression“印象”;comment“評論”。-47-18.A

解析:根據(jù)空格后面的賓語“a

situation”可知,此處指“分析局勢”。analyze“分析”符合語境。19.D

解析:上文提到要分析局勢,判斷對手在做什么,因此要在你所有的選擇中評估出最佳的一步。evaluate“評估”符合語境。20.A

解析:根據(jù)下文的“as

a

journalist”可知,作者現(xiàn)在是記者。由此判斷,此處填role,意為“角色”。desire“欲望;愿望”;concern“關(guān)心”;behavior“行為”都與語境不符。-48-Passage

4(2018·北京卷)The

Homeless

HeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource(來源)oftemptation(誘惑).Butthe

1

wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith

2

moreremarkable.

Afterspottinga

3

onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe

4

toreturn.

-49-Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he

5

insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(聯(lián)系)thedriver,onlyto

6

itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

7

anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere

8

tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas

9

.

-50-ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis

10

.

Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight

11

hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand

12

hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers

13

.It’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare

14

guysoutthere.”

Mr.Smith’sact

15

muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

16

abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.

-51-NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto

17

moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown

18

himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob

19

andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing

20

.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.

-52-1.A.hope B.aim C.urge

D.effort2.A.still B.even C.ever

D.once3.A.wallet B.bag C.box

D.parcel4.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman5.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached6.A.discover B.collect C.check

D.believe7.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing8.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked9.A.safe B.missing C.found

D.seen10.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement-53-11.A.when B.if C.where D.because12.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just13.A.too B.though C.again

D.instead14.A.honest B.polite C.rich

D.generous15.A.gave B.paid C.cast

D.drew16.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard17.A.borrow B.raise C.save

D.earn18.A.of B.at C.for

D.in19.A.details B.changes C.offers

D.applications20.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge-54-【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。流浪漢湯姆面對400英鎊的誘惑最終選擇將錢還給失主。當(dāng)其善行在社交媒體上傳播開來后,湯姆得到了人們的信任。這位“無家可歸的英雄”的故事再次證明善有善報。1.C

解析:上文說對許多人來說一個無人看管的裝有400英鎊的錢包無疑是一種誘惑,結(jié)合But的轉(zhuǎn)折可知,如果你是一個幾乎沒有什么錢和食物并露宿街頭的人,這種誘惑帶來的“沖動(urge)”無疑會更大,故選C項。2.B

解析:結(jié)合上文說人們通常對于誘惑有一種渴望可知,這“更加(even)”使得無家可歸的湯姆的行為更引人注目,故選B項。3.A

解析:根據(jù)第三段中的“After

hours

in

the

cold

and

wet,he

inside

and

pulled

the

wallet

out...”可知,他看到的是一個“錢包(wallet)”,故選A項。

-55-4.C

解析:結(jié)合下文可知,他在雨中站了大約兩個小時,就是要等錢包“主人(owner)”回來取錢包,故選C項。5.D

解析:結(jié)合下文“hoping

to

find

some

ID

so

he

could

contact(聯(lián)系)

the

driver”可知,他“伸手(reach)”到車中,把錢包拿出來,希望能從中找到錢包主人的身份信息,故選D項。6.A

解析:湯姆本來是想在錢包里找到物主的身份信息,卻出乎意料地“發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover)”里面有400英鎊紙幣和50英鎊的零錢,故選A項。7.B

解析:湯姆“留下(leave...behind)”一張紙條,告知物主錢包是安全的,然后他去了警察局,故選B項。此題若忽視了后面的behind則很容易誤選D項。8.D

解析:這兩個人看到車旁站著兩名警察自然感到十分“驚訝(shocked)”,故選D項。-56-9.A

解析:此處兩位警察向物主說明了情況,并告知他們錢包是“安全的(safe)”。此空為詞語復(fù)現(xiàn),由上文中的“it

was

safe”可知應(yīng)選A項。10.C

解析:上文介紹了湯姆幫助了這兩個人,所以此處說明他們后來能去感謝湯姆的“善行(kindness)”,故選C項。11.A

解析:想想看今晚湯姆本可以偷走這筆錢,找個地方住下,但是他沒有,他還是睡在了街上。此處用when表示“既然,考慮到”,故選A項。12.B

解析:這個人一無所有,“然而(yet)”他并未將錢包據(jù)為己有,前后有轉(zhuǎn)折意味,應(yīng)用yet連接,故選B項。13.D

解析:結(jié)合上文,他沒有將錢包據(jù)為己有,“相反(instead)”的是,他為別人考慮,故選D項。-57-14.A

解析:結(jié)合上文可知,湯姆的行為證明了無家可歸的人中也有“誠實的(honest)”人,故選A項。15.D

解析:由下文“He

also

won

praise

from

social

media

users...”可知,湯姆的行為“吸引(draw)”了公眾的注意,故選D項。16.B

解析:由上文“He

also

won

praise

from

social

media

users...”可知,此處是說在安德森把湯姆的行為“發(fā)布(post)”到社交媒體上后,他也贏得了來自社交媒體用戶的贊揚,故選B項。17.B

解析:根據(jù)上文可知,湯姆無家可歸,所以安德森在網(wǎng)上為他及這一地區(qū)的其他無家可歸的人“籌(raise)”錢,故選B項。-58-18.D

解析:由上文the

faith可知,此處用介詞in表示對某人的信任,show

faith

in

sb.“對某人有信心”。此處易受空前的show影響而誤選介詞for。19.C

解析:根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示湯姆得到了工作“機會(offer)”,故選C項。detail“細(xì)節(jié)”;change“變化”;application“申請”。20.C

解析:文章最后總結(jié),對于湯姆來說,他的善舉是改變他一生的一次“機會(chance)”,故選C項。lesson“課,教訓(xùn)”;adventure“冒險”;challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。-59-Passage

5(2018·江蘇卷)RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen

1

topaylawyers’fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed(診斷)witha

2

disease.Therewasno

3

,onlypainrelief.

Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea

4

journey,astheycaughtsightofanol