2021高考英語典型技巧01 長難句的分析與理解（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2021年高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練

典型技巧01長難句的分析與理解

【技巧釋義】

高考閱讀理解的文章一般會有一些結構復雜的句子，增加了句子的長度和難度，干擾了學生正常的閱

讀速度和思維方式。

一、長難句的常見形式

1.復合句

這些句子往往較長，一個從句套著另一個從句。其實，不管句子有多長、多復雜，它只由兩部分構成，

即主干和修飾成分。主干主要指主謂賓結構（如：Iwantaticket.）或主系表結構（如：Themanisateacher.）（＞而

修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補充主干的作用，它既可以是單詞，也可以是短語，更常見的則是從句，尤其

是定語從句和狀語從句。應通過仔細分析，將每個修飾成分劃出來，找出句子的主干，這樣整個句子結構

就清晰了。

Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneof

thelasttimeswhenwehaveto“fallback”.

分析此句的主語為I,謂語是urge,sothat引導的結果狀語從句。在結果狀語從句中when引導定語從

句。

2.分隔結構

高考試題中出現(xiàn)較多的分隔結構是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補充信息。此外，還有一些句子

成分（一般是定語）過長而出現(xiàn)后置，也可以看作是插入現(xiàn)象。

“Theresultsareprettyexciting—stronglevelsofreductions——butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobe

learnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat.^^saidPennStateUniversityprofessorElizabeth

McGraw.

提醒分析長難句時務必注意這些非限制性修飾成分，它們打斷了原來的行文邏輯，插入補充了一些

額外的信息.

3.成分省略或倒裝

在英語句子中，用詞簡潔是一條重要的修辭原則.省略主要是為了避免重復，突出關鍵詞并使上下文

緊密連接。有時為了強調句子表達的重心，對句子進行倒裝。

（2019?北京高考閱讀）Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreener

thankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

分析此句正常語序為：Bytheendofthecentury,ifitisnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerand

greenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

二、長難句突破策略

1.結構分析法

通過語法分析，迅速弄清句子的結構，把握句子的基本框架的基本步驟是：首先，判斷該句是簡單句、

并列句還是復合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主語和謂語，再分清句子的附屬成分。

方法一：較復雜單句的處理方法找主謂語，即找主干成分

較復雜單句在高考試卷中經常出現(xiàn)，所以應引起同學們的足夠重視。

【真題再現(xiàn)】

（2020?浙江1月高考閱讀C）Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence（毅力）,acharacteristicthatresearchers

sayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.

分析主語是Akeyskill,謂語是is,表語是persistence,acharacteristic是同位語，解釋說明persistenceo

that引導同位語從句，解釋名詞characteristico

方法二：并列復合句的處理方法一找并列連詞

Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryis

brilliant.

分析句中的but是并列連詞，連接兩個并列單句。

方法三：主從復合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞

【真題再現(xiàn)】

（2020?浙江1月高考閱讀C）Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherwere

significantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.

分析該句主語是Akeyfinding,that引導表語從句，從句中含有which引導的非限制性定語從句，修

飾名詞persistenceo

方法四：并列和主從復合句并存的處理方法——先讀懂并列復合句，再看主從復合句

【真題再現(xiàn)】

（2019?北京高考閱讀）beawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecause

ofclimatechange,“Dutkiewiczsaid,"butthechangeinthecoloroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarning

signalsthatwereallyhavechangedourpIanet.^^

分析but引導兩個并列的主從復合句，but前的主從復合句中是before引導的時間狀語從句，該從句

中show后是由at引導的賓語從句；but后的主從復合句中，主語是Ihechange,謂語是willbe,Ihal引導的

同位語從句，解釋說明名詞signals的內容。

【技巧演練】（建議用時：45分鐘）

1

Ifyouaskedmetodance,I'dprobablyfreezeonthespotandsomepeoplesayIhavetwoleftfeet!Butwith

somepersuasionandDutchcourageIcanbetemptedtotaketothedancefloorandshakesomemoves-andthat,

apparently,isonlynatural.

Expertshavefoundaswellasbeingfun,dancingmighthavehelpedustosurviveasaspecies.Evolutionary

anthropologist（人類學家）BronwynTarrfromtheUniversityofOxfordbelievesthatdancingaloneisonethingbut

it'sdancingasagroupthatmakesourbrainrewarduswithacocktailoffeel-goodhormonesthatchangehowwe

feelaboutourselvesandthosearoundus.Thisislikelytoleadtoprofoundsocialeffects.It'skeepingpaceswith

othersthatmakesushappy.BronwyTarrsaysthat“dancingfosterssocialclosenessbetweenpeople.Ithelpsus

buildsocialconnectionsandcommunities.Inourpast,thosesocialconnectionswouldhavebeencriticalfor

surviving.”

Danceisalsoagoodwaytokeepfitandimproveourmentalhealth.InWalestherehavebeencallsfordoctors

toprescribedanceclassestopeoplewhoareunwell.TheArtsCouncilofWalesclaimstherearemanyhealth

benefits.AndBronwynTarrsays“moreandmorewe'reactuallydiscoveringthatyourlongevity（長壽）-yourlife

expectancy-ispredictedbythesocialconnectionsthatyouhave...stilltodayit'ssomethingweshoulddomoreof.^^

ItcouldbepartofbeingaconservativeEnglishmanthatmakesmeareluctantdancer.Lookatother

nationalitiessuchasCubanswheredancingisattheheartoftheirculturalidentity.AndinBrazilatCarnivallime,

peoplelettheirhairdownbydancingtogetherdayandnight.Theyseemtobehavingagoodtime-somaybeI

shouldgetonmyfeetanddance!

1.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthefirstparagraph?

A.Hedoesn'tlikedances.B.Hedoesnotdancewell.

C.Helacksconfidenceindance.D.Hedoeseverythingoutofnature.

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromTarr'swordsinParagraph2?

A.Dancingalonedoesn'tbenefitatall.

B.Dancingwithothershelpspeoplesurvive.

C.Itisfunnytokeeppaceswithotherpeople.

D.Itmattersmosttodanceonsocialoccasions.

3.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutdancinginthelastparagraph?

A.Positive.B.Negative.

C.Unclear.0.Objective.

4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whatmakesyouarealdancer?B.Whatcandancesbringus?

C.Whydopeoplelovetodance?D.Howcanwedancewell?

【答案】LB2.B3.A4.C

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章剖析了“人為什么要跳舞”及跳舞對種群生存的積極意義。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ifyouaskedmetodance,TdprobablyfreezeonthespotandsomepeoplesayI

havetwoleftfeet!（如果你請我跳舞，我可能會當場呆住，人們會說我笨手笨腳的。）”可知，作者不擅長跳

舞。故選B項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Expertshavefoundaswellasbeingfun,dancingmighthavehelpedustosurviveas

aspecies.（專家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，舞蹈不僅有趣，還可能幫助我們作為一個物種生存下來°）”和"BronwyTarrsaysthat

“dancingfosterssocialclosenessbetweenpeople.Ithelpsusbuildsocialconnectionsandcommunities.Inourpast,

thosesocialconnectionswouldhavebeencriticalforsurviving?*（BronwyTarr說：“跳舞能促進人們之間的社

會親密感。它幫助我們建立社會聯(lián)系和社區(qū)。在我們過去，這些社會關系對生存至關重要。“）”可知，Bronwy

Tarr認為和別人跳舞有助于人們生存。故選B項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theyseemtobehavingagoodtime-somaybeIshouldgetonmyfeetanddance!

（他們似乎玩得很開心，所以也許我應該站起來跳舞?。笨芍髡邔μ璧目捶ㄊ欠e極的。故選A項。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Expertshavefoundaswellasbeingfun,dancingmighthavehelpedustosurviveas

aspecies.（專家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，舞蹈不僅有趣，還可能幫助我們作為一個物種生存下來。）”和“Thisislikelylolead

toprofoundsocialeffects.（這可能會導致深遠的社會影響。）”以及第三段中“Danceisalsoagoodwaytokeep

fitandimproveourmentalhealth.（舞蹈也是一個很好的方式來保持健康，改善我們的心理健康?？芍?，文

章剖析了“人為什么要跳舞''及跳舞對種群生存的積極意義，因此選項C“為什么人們喜歡跳舞？”最合適作文

章標題。故選C項。

2

Whatdoyoudowitholdstuff?Thatdressyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago,forexample.Youworeit

onceandputitawaysomewhere.So,whattodo?

IntheUK,wemighttakeittoacharityshop.ThefirstcharityshopsappearedinBritaininthe19thcentury.

TheSalvationArmywasoneofthefirsttorunasecond-handclothingshoptoprovidetheneedywithaffordable

clothes.ThiswasfollowedbycharitiessuchastheBritishRedCross,whoalsorelievedhardshipandraisedmoney

forthewareffortduringWorldWarTwo.In1947,OxfamopenedacharityshopinHighStreet,Oxford,whichis

themodernformweknowtoday.Thesedays,charityshopsareacommonsightwitharound11,200shopsacross

theUK,accordingtotheCharityRetailAssociation.Duringbusinesshoursthepubliccandonatetheirunwanted

itemstoacharityshop-clothes,books,electronics,furniture.Theseitemsarecheckedforwearandtearandiffound

stillserviceable,priceduptobesoldataheavilydiscountedprice.

Formany,thisisawin-winsituation.Tothecharity,itmeansavaluablesourceofincome.Totheconsumer,it

providestheopportunitytobuy,oftenextremelycheapitemsandclothes.Tothedonator,itmayhelptoassuage

consumerguilt."Youcanmakeaprettygoodcasetoyourselfthatyouaredoinggood,becausewhatyouaredoing

isgoingtowardsacharitablecauseandyouaresavingstufffromlandfill（垃圾堆）,“ClarePress,fashionjournalist

andsustainablestyleadvocate,tellstheGuardian.

Therearesometimeshiddentreasuresforthebuyers,too.Takeascreenprintforexample.Itwasboughtfor

99pandlaterfoundtobebyEnglishartistBenNicholson.Itwassoldfor￡4,200.Sonexttimeyouneedtorid

yourselfofsomething,spareathoughtfbrthecharityshop-afterall,charitybeginsathome!

5.Thetextismainlywrittento.

A.commentonthebenefitsofcharityshops

B.analyzethepopularityoftheUKcharities

C.listthenamesofthefirstUKcharityshops

D.introducesomethingaboutUKcharityshops

6.Moderncharityshopsmightberunby.

A.BritishRedCrossB.TheSalvationArmy

C.OxfamD.CharityRetailAssociation

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“assuage”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Ease.B.Add.C.Mix.D.Increase.

8.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?

A.Getridofunwanteditems.B.Startcharityfromdailylife.

C.Beenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Makeadifferenceforthefuture.

【答案】5.D6.C7.A8.B

【分析】

本文是?篇說明文。介紹了英國的慈善商店，以及慈善商店帶來的益處。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容“ThefirstcharityshopsappearedinBritaininthe19thcentury.TheSalvation

Armywasoneofthefirsttorunasecond-handclothingshoptoprovidetheneedywithaffordableclothes.v（第——

家慈善商店出現(xiàn)在19世紀的英國。救世軍是最早經營二手服裝店的組織之一，向有需要的人提供他們買得

起的衣服。）以及第三段“Formany,thisisawin-winsituation."（對許多人來說，這是雙贏的局面。）可知本文

主要目的是介紹英國的慈善店。故選D。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In1947,OxfamopenedacharityshopinHighStreet,Oxford,whichisthemodern

formweknowtoday79（1947年，牛津饑荒救濟委員會在牛津的高街開了一家慈善商店，這就是我們今天所

知道的現(xiàn)代形式。）可知，現(xiàn)代慈善商店可能會被Oxfam管理。故選C。

7.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Formany,thisisawin-winsituation.Tothecharity,itmeansavaluablesourceof

income.Totheconsumer,itprovidestheopportunitytobuy,oftenextremelycheapitemsandclothes.（對許多人

來說，這是雙贏的局面。對于慈善機構來說，這意味著一種寶貴的收入來源。對消費者來說，它提供了購

買的機會，通常是非常便宜的物品和衣服。）以及后文“Youcanmakeaprettygoodcasetoyourselfthatyouare

doinggood,becausewhatyouaredoingisgoingtowardsacharitablecauseandyouaresavingstufffromlandfill”

（你可以很好地證明自己是在做好事，因為你所做的是為了慈善事業(yè)，你是從垃圾填埋場中節(jié)省東西）可

推知，可以幫助捐贈者減輕負罪感。故assuage的意思是“減輕”的意思，A項ease減輕，緩解。故選A。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話“Sonexttimeyouneedtoridyourselfofsomething,spareathoughtforthe

charityshop-afterall,charitybeginsathome!^^（下次你需要處理一些東西時，為慈善商店想一想----畢

竟，慈善始于家庭!）由此判斷出，作者建議慈善從家庭開始做，故選B。

3

Asthebirthplaceofkitesintheworld,Weifang,ShandongprovinceofChina,producesbeautiful,vivid,

colorfulandhigh-qualitykites.Now,morethan70%ofkitesintheworldareexportedfromWeifang.Ifyouwant

toseevariousshapesandsizesofkitescoveringthesky,youcannotmisstheWeifangKiteFestivalheldonthe

thirdSaturdayofeveryApril.

Butthisyear,tensofthousandsofChineseparticipantsgatheredinWeifang,fromSept26to29forthe37th

InternationalKiteFestival.Heldsince1984,theInternationalKiteFestivalisanannualeventto“exhibitthe

excellenceofthekiteloverstothepublic,“accordingtothefestival'swebsite.

Duringthefestival,kiteloverscanenjoystunt（特技表演）kiteflying,alsoknownasaerialballet.Controlled

byeitherasinglepersonoragroup,thekitesformdifferentshapesintheair.Peoplealwaysdevotealotoftime

andwisdomtomakingtheirownkites.Fromanimalsthatcrawl（爬彳?。﹐nthegroundorswiminthewaterto

legendslikeMonkeyKing,everythingcanflyintheskyatthefestival.Oneofthisyear'shighlightswasthegiant

kitesdecoratedwithimagesofmedicalstaffandtheLongMarch5rocket,whichreflectthehottopicsthisyear.

“Flyingakiteislikeflyingyourdream.Alltheculturalsymbolsfromancientandmodemtimescanbefound

intheskyofWeifang,notedMedium.Aftermorethanthreedecadesofdevelopment,thefestivalhasbecomea

placetoappreciatekites.Butmostimportantly,itservesasauniqueculturaleventtopromoteinternational

exchange.

9.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Akitefestival.B.Akitebimhplac已

C.Thefutureofkites.D.Kiteperformances.

lO.Forwhatpurposeisthekitefestivalheldeveryyear?

A.Toenjoyanimalsflyingintheair.B.Toshowkite-lovers*brilliance.

C.Toperformspecializedkiteflying.D.ToenhanceWeifang*sglobalimpact.

11.WhatcanbeknownfromParagraph3?

A.Ittakesalotoftroubletomakeakite.B.Stuntkiteflyingistheonlyhighlight.

C.Imaginationcanbeshowninthekite.D.Decorationsmatterleastintheshow.

12.Whatisthemostimportantrolethefestivalplays?

A.Ithelpsorganizeaninternationalevent.

B.Itofferstipsonhowtoappreciatekites.

C.Ithelpsmaketheplaceknownworldwide.

D.Itenhancesinternationalculturalexchange.

【答案】9.A10.Bll.C12.D

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了濰坊的國際風箏節(jié)。

9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ifyouwanttoseevariousshapesandsizesofkitescoveringthesky,youcannot

misstheWeifangKiteFestivalheldonthethirdSaturdayofeveryApril.（如果你想看到各種形狀和大小的風箏

覆蓋天空，你不能錯過每年四月的第三個星期六舉行的濰坊風箏節(jié)。）”可知，這篇文章主要介紹了濰坊的

風箏節(jié)。故選A項。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Heldsince1984,theInternationalKiteFestivalisanannualeventto"exhibitthe

excellenceofthekiteloverstothepublic,accordingtothefestivafswebsite.（據(jù)國際風箏節(jié)網站介紹，自1984

年以來，國際風箏節(jié)每年舉行一次，目的是“向公眾展示風箏愛好者的卓越才能“可知，每年舉行風箏節(jié)

的目的是展示風箏愛好者的才能。故選B項。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peoplealwaysdevotealotoftimeandwisdomtomakingtheirownkites.（人們

總是投入大量的時間和智慧來制作他們自己的風箏。）“可知，想象力可以在風箏上表現(xiàn)出來。故選C項。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Buimostimportantly,itservesasauniqueculturaleventtopromote

internationalexchange.（但最重要的是，它是促進國際交流的獨特文化活動。）”可知，這個節(jié)日最重要的作

用是它促進了國際文化交流。故選D項。

4

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13.Whatisthefunctionof