2019年寧波大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題（A卷）及答案

內(nèi)容為網(wǎng)上收集整理，如涉及侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除內(nèi)容為網(wǎng)上收集整理，如涉及侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除內(nèi)容為網(wǎng)上收集整理，如涉及侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除2019年寧波大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題（A卷）及答案一、UseofEnglishAgreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat(1)________doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwasless(2)________then,however,werethenew,positive(3)________thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.(4)________,therearereasonstobe(5)________.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore(6)________,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential(7)________thereare.Moreandmore(8)________,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft(9)________,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe(10)________together.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewill(11)________ratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor(12)________worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywayto(13)________poverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithas(14)________potential.To(15)________advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices(16)________respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an(17)________oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof(18)________(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.Andthatis(19)________America’sSecondWaveinfrastructure-(20)________roads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.1、

A、divide

B、information

C、world

D、lecture答案:A解析:文章第一句開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山指出目前存在的信息貧富差距（divide），第三句也“thisloomingdanger”指代的就是這種信息差距，因此可以推斷第二句介紹的是這種貧富差距仍存在，選A項(xiàng)。2、

A、obscure

B、visible

C、invisible

D、indistinct答案:B解析:首先注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，其中提到了“new,positive(3)________thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide”，所以可以推斷出作者想說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的區(qū)別，這種新的對(duì)抗力量勢(shì)必在過(guò)去不明顯。而visible的意思就是明顯的；能注意到的，故選B。obscure和indistinct都有“模糊不清的”的含義，在此處和less搭配在一起與想表達(dá)的意思相反了。3、

A、forces

B、obstacles

C、events

D、surprises答案:A解析:第二段主要介紹新的信息獲取方式，即因特網(wǎng)，它就屬于對(duì)抗信息不對(duì)等的新的力量之一。故選A項(xiàng)。4、

A、Seriously

B、Entirely

C、Actually

D、Continuously答案:C解析:從下文第二段中可以推斷作者想表達(dá)要相信現(xiàn)在的對(duì)抗信息差距的手段和力量。此空格需要填副詞，用來(lái)承上啟下，選項(xiàng)A、B、D的意思都不符，可以排除，故選C，意思是“事實(shí)上”。5、

A、negative

B、optimistic

C、pleasant

D、disappointed答案:B解析:從下文第二段第一句提到“Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow”，暗示的確有依據(jù)可以對(duì)縮小這種信息差距抱有樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。因此選B項(xiàng)。6、

A、developed

B、centralized

C、realized

D、commercialized答案:D解析:后半句提到企業(yè)為了利益普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，所以說(shuō)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也變得越來(lái)越商業(yè)化。因此選D項(xiàng)。7、

A、users

B、producers

C、customers

D、citizens答案:C解析:該句提到“themorepeopleonline”，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)化，這些人也就變成潛在的（potential）消費(fèi)者了。因此選C項(xiàng)。8、

A、enterprises

B、governments

C、officials

D、customers答案:B解析:上文講完企業(yè)，隨即就引出另一個(gè)主體，即政府。出于國(guó)家利益，它們也支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及。因此選B項(xiàng)。9、

A、away

B、for

C、aside

D、behind答案:D解析:這題可和上一題一起考慮，政府擔(dān)心的無(wú)非就是在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中自己的國(guó)家落后。這里考察詞組leavesomebodybehind，把某人落在后面。10、

A、netted

B、worked

C、put

D、organized答案:A解析:隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及，人們的聯(lián)系更加緊密，A選項(xiàng)可以很形象地描繪出這種互聯(lián)網(wǎng)人際關(guān)系，因?yàn)閚et本身有“網(wǎng)”的含義。而文中沒(méi)有提及人們一起工作，所以B選項(xiàng)不適合。11、

A、decrease

B、narrow

C、neglect

D、low答案:B解析:本句中“ratherthanwiden”提示我們要選一個(gè)widen的反義詞。本文主要介紹互聯(lián)網(wǎng)縮小信息差距，因此選B。12、

A、containing

B、preventing

C、keeping

D、combating答案:D解析:本句意思是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是對(duì)抗貧窮的最有效方式，故選D，combat在這里作及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“對(duì)抗，緩解不良現(xiàn)象”。句中poverty后面的定語(yǔ)從句“thatwe’veeverhad”說(shuō)明貧窮已經(jīng)存在，因此選B不太合適。13、

A、win

B、detail

C、defeat

D、fear答案:C解析:重復(fù)12題中的對(duì)抗解決貧窮，所以選擇C選項(xiàng)。而選項(xiàng)A，win一般表示贏得某樣?xùn)|西，所以用在這里不合適。14、

A、enormous

B、countless

C、numerical

D、big答案:A解析:此句強(qiáng)調(diào)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有巨大潛力。在這里需要選擇一個(gè)形容詞，A符合題意。B選項(xiàng)意思是“數(shù)不盡的”，文中沒(méi)有提及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)其他的用處。C選項(xiàng)意思是“數(shù)字的；用數(shù)字表示的”，如numericaldata（數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)）。15、

A、bring

B、keep

C、hold

D、take答案:D解析:前文明確互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的作用，那么這一段就討論如何利用好它，提出建議。此處考察固定搭配takeadvantageofsomething，意思是“利用好某物”，故選D。16、

A、at

B、with

C、of

D、for答案:B解析:此處考察介詞搭配。withrespecttosomething意思是“關(guān)于，至于”，這里指落后國(guó)家應(yīng)該就外資問(wèn)題上拋棄他們的偏見(jiàn)。17、

A、offence

B、investment

C、invasion

D、insult答案:C解析:這里的定語(yǔ)從句修飾countries，這些國(guó)家把外資視為對(duì)其主權(quán)的侵犯，所以選C，(invasionofsomething)。而選項(xiàng)D一般不跟介詞of，常見(jiàn)為insulttosb/sth。18、

A、construction

B、facility

C、infrastructure

D、institution答案:C解析:此句中括號(hào)部分“basicstructuralfoundationsofasociety”其實(shí)就是空格所填單詞的釋義，而下一句中又有industrialinfrastructure出現(xiàn)，可以推知選C。19、

A、why

B、where

C、when

D、how答案:A解析:前文提到美國(guó)沒(méi)有建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的資金，所以最后利用外資進(jìn)行建設(shè)。這和上文就是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，所以選A。20、

A、concerning

B、concluding

C、according

D、including答案:D解析:此處考察“roads,harbors,highways,ports”和infrastructure的關(guān)系，很明顯后者包括前者，故選D。二、PartA(總題數(shù):4,分?jǐn)?shù):40.0分)Text1Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementanddistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.21、Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto________.

A、identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B、definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C、illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D、comparecitieswithbloodfamilies答案:B解析:A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)文中都沒(méi)有具體體現(xiàn)，首先排除。D選項(xiàng)在最后一段中提到，但是不是本文寫(xiě)作的主要目的。B選項(xiàng)才是作者通篇想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，即城市是由人們達(dá)成一種認(rèn)同而形成的。如第三段第一句提到人們是通過(guò)形成共識(shí)才創(chuàng)造了城市。最后一段中第三、四句也提到人們同意的生活方式（agree）。所以選B。22、Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as________.

A、anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B、asimplestatementofscientificfact

C、amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D、aparadoxwithironicimplications答案:A解析:題干句子出現(xiàn)在第一段第三句句子中，用來(lái)具體解釋metaphors的類型，隱喻屬于一種修辭語(yǔ)言，所以選A。23、Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is________.

A、respectful

B、ambivalent

C、skeptical

D、approving答案:C解析:第一段第三句提到，“Butcities—despite…(Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism)areartificial.”，主干是說(shuō)明城市是人造的，而不是despite后面跟的那部分，所以可推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度是對(duì)題干句子持懷疑的。故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。24、Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

A、Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B、Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C、Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D、Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.答案:A解析:從21題可知，城市是由人們形成共識(shí)而建成的，城市中的人們很難分開(kāi)，因?yàn)槌鞘须y以被消滅，這就是其和anthill的主要區(qū)別。所以選A項(xiàng)，其他選項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有直接依據(jù)。25、Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto________.

A、moveawayfromtheirenemies

B、gathertogetherinsettlements

C、welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D、redefinetheirfamilyrelationships答案:B解析:第三段整段圍繞“人們聚居從而形成城市”這一話題展開(kāi)。因?yàn)樽〉媒?，所以附近的人們需要一起抵御敵人、防止洪?zāi)、尋求棲息避難處。本句“alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated…”中的congregate即同義提示，意思為“聚集”。所以選B選項(xiàng)。Text2Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.Thetensionbuiltupbythisantinomyhasprovedtobefruitfuloverthecenturies.However,thenotionthatthesoulwasmaterialprovedsounacceptabletoboththeAristoteliansandtheChristiansthatfornearlytwomillenniatheatomichypothesislanguished.26、AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace________.

A、doesnotexistwithregardtoatoms

B、isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatoms

C、isanerroneousnotionconcerningatoms

D、possessesinertialmass答案:B解析:文章第三段主要介紹了原子在emptyspace中運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況。比如“ineverydirection”和“Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace”等都在說(shuō)明directionless這一特征，因此選B項(xiàng)。27、TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto________.

A、supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theories

B、notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruth

C、highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theory

D、addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussion答案:B解析:根據(jù)第四段可知，亞里士多德及其弟子后人并不認(rèn)可這一關(guān)于原子的概念。尤其是最后一句直接點(diǎn)出他們拒絕接受慣性定律（thelawofinertia），這是對(duì)科學(xué)發(fā)展的障礙（obstacle），正好對(duì)應(yīng)了B項(xiàng)中推遲了對(duì)科學(xué)真相的認(rèn)可（delay）。28、ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that________.

A、philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefields

B、scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheories

C、hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsound

D、hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotle答案:A解析:根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知，德謨克里特斯關(guān)于靈魂的理論并沒(méi)有被證實(shí)是對(duì)是錯(cuò)，因此不能直接下定論說(shuō)哲學(xué)家沒(méi)能成功形成自己的理論，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)也是犯了類似錯(cuò)誤，文中沒(méi)有依據(jù)說(shuō)這一理論是錯(cuò)誤的，而且表達(dá)太過(guò)絕對(duì)；本段中也沒(méi)有提及亞里士多德，所以D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。而從本段可知，在哲學(xué)家眼里，靈魂被物質(zhì)化、科學(xué)化，因此可以理解為哲學(xué)、宗教、科學(xué)有時(shí)不可分割，所以A項(xiàng)正確。29、Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?

A、Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot

B、Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower

C、Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants

D、Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies答案:D解析:第二段中提到“Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes…theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee”，由此可推測(cè)德謨克里特斯認(rèn)為花的生長(zhǎng)周期是原子的聚集和分散。30、Whichismotanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?

A、Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels

B、Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatient’shealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday

C、Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild

D、Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit答案:B解析:從第六段第四、五兩句中可知，這些hardythinkers雖然認(rèn)可“靈魂是物質(zhì)的”這一觀點(diǎn)，并且認(rèn)為他人的靈魂是不自由的，但是他們并沒(méi)有禁錮自己的靈魂自由。這就好比醫(yī)生讓病人別抽煙，但自己卻每天抽煙一樣，故B項(xiàng)正確。Text3Thedefinitionofaestheticpleasureisapopularsubjectformanydifferentfields.Inthefollowing,adaptedfromanarticlefoundinasciencejournal,aphysicistdiscussestheuniqueperspectivethathisdisciplineallowshim.Sincetimeimmemorial,countlessscholarshaveaskedthequestion:Whatisbeauty?Asphilosophersengageinweightydiscourses,designersupdatethelatestfashions,andartistscreatetheirmasterpieces,whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace.Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn'shavetakenherplace.However,aestheticvaluesnotonlydifferfromgenerationtogeneration,butdosoalongculturallinesaswell.TheconventionsthatgovernpaintingandmusicvarygreatlyfromEasttoWest.Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttoonecivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.Asfundamentalphysicists,mycolleaguesandIliketobelievethatweareinvolvedinasearchforabeautythatdoesnotremainimpervioustodefinition.Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.Thosenotinvolvedwithphysicstendtothinkofitasapreciseandpredictivescience—certainlynotafieldofstudyfitforthecontemplationofthebeautiful.Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.Intruth,sincethedaythatAlbertEinsteinfirstproposedthenotionthattheremightbeoneoverarchingphysicaltheorythatgovernstheuniverse,aestheticshavebecomeadrivingforceinmodernphysics.WhatEinsteinandwe,ashisintellectualdescendants,havediscoveredisthis:Nature,asitsmostfundamentallevel,isbeautifullyconstructed.Theremarkablesimplicityofthelawsthatgovernstheuniverseis,attimes,nothingshortofbreath-taking.Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound.AsEinsteinhimselfsaid,itwouldseemmorelikelythatweshouldfindourselveslivinga“chaoticworld,innowaygraspablethroughthinking.”Yethereweare,closerthanevertoafullunderstandingoftheuniverse’sbeautifulclockwork.31、Thereferenceto“MarilynMonroe”inParagraph1primarilyservesto________.

A、Provideanexampleoftoday’sstandardsofbeauty

B、Discussherabilitiesasanactress

C、Demonstratehowsusceptibleaestheticsaretochange

D、ComparetraditionsofEastandWest答案:C解析:文章第一段中提到MarilynMonroe，在過(guò)去是公認(rèn)的美人，但是如今的好萊塢女演員取代了她的位置。這說(shuō)明了美學(xué)是隨時(shí)代變化的，證明了本段中第二句所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容“whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace”。故選C。32、Theauthor’sassertioninParagraph1(“whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother”)suggeststhat________.

A、culturesarenaturallydestinedtoclash

B、manycivilizationsarepronetodisgustingbehavior

C、individualstendtodisagreeonwhattheyfindbeautiful

D、itisnearlyimpossibletosaywhatistrulybeautiful答案:D解析:盡管題干句子中有生僻詞，但是仍舊可以從段落信息中推測(cè)這句話是在說(shuō)明不同文化奉行不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美，因此沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的美的定義，D項(xiàng)符合。A、B、C都與本段主旨無(wú)關(guān)。33、AsusedinParagraph2,thephrase“l(fā)aiddown”mostnearlymeans________.

A、created

B、rested

C、slept

D、secured答案:B解析:laydown有“放下；制定；鋪設(shè)”的意思，從同句中“establishedbyNature”可推測(cè)其意思，在這里是指“建立、創(chuàng)立”的意思，B項(xiàng)中的rest作動(dòng)詞時(shí)有“休息、使倚靠”的意思，在句子中可以引申理解為通過(guò)人們的工作建立起來(lái)的美。34、Theauthorusesthewords“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)inorderto________.

A、contrasttheconceptofimpermanentbeautywiththebeautyforwhichphysicssearches

B、evaluatetheeffectivenessofphysicsasanartform

C、discusshowphysicistsvisualizebeauty

D、criticizepeoplewhodon’tunderstandphysics答案:A解析:結(jié)合本段后半部分提到的普通人和物理學(xué)家看待同一事物、對(duì)美有不同理解，可以推測(cè)出題干句子表達(dá)的也是一種對(duì)比。題干中的ephemeral實(shí)則就是選項(xiàng)A中的impermanent同義詞，且A選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。D選項(xiàng)中作者沒(méi)有批評(píng)的意思，B和C選項(xiàng)與題干句子主題不符。35、Inthecourseofoutliningthevariousgiftsofphysics,theauthorcitesallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A、theabilitytolookforabeautythatisunchanging

B、appreciatingthevisualbeautyofawavecrashing

C、agreatercomprehensionofNature’sways

D、seeingadeeperdesigninnaturalevents答案:A解析:最后一段提到“Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound”，說(shuō)明我們尋求美的能力隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步在提高，A項(xiàng)意思正好相反。Text4Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggases,therestofwhichishydrogensulfide.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassis“morningbreath”.Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofabadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.36、Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“________”.

A、thriveon

B、accountfor

C、originatefrom

D、descendfrom答案:C解析:第一段第二句出現(xiàn)題干中的詞組，后半句主要講口氣還可能是由于其他原因，所以前半句中提到的口腔細(xì)菌應(yīng)該也是導(dǎo)致口氣的原因。所以選C項(xiàng)，originatefrom有“來(lái)自，來(lái)源于”的意思。thriveon有“生長(zhǎng)，以……”的意思，descendfrom“從……下來(lái)”的意思，accountfor有“占（比例）、解釋說(shuō)明、導(dǎo)致”的意思，三者均不符題意。37、Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

A、Toothtrouble

B、Sulfur-fishfood

C、Toomuchexercise

D、Mentalstrain答案:D解析:第二段主要講引起口氣的原因，該段的第八句提到壓力（stress）也會(huì)導(dǎo)致口氣，對(duì)應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)D。38、Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause________.

A、itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing.

B、itssmelladdstobaddeath.

C、itkillssomehelpfulbacteria.

D、itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva.答案:D解析:第二段第六句提到了酒精也會(huì)引起口氣，而究其原因，其實(shí)第二段的第一句已經(jīng)講明，“Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows”，當(dāng)salivaslow慢下來(lái)，細(xì)菌滋生，所以選D項(xiàng)。39、Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause________.

A、theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough.

B、theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria.

C、theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse.

D、theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus.答案:B解析:最后一段提到“Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms”，正好對(duì)應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)B。A項(xiàng)不是mouthwash無(wú)法接觸口氣的根因，因?yàn)榭跉馐且驗(yàn)榧?xì)菌造成。C和D項(xiàng)均未提到。所以B項(xiàng)正確。40、Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.

A、offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured.

B、elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath.

C、heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath.

D、offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol.答案:A解析:可以使用排除法。第二段中提到老年人實(shí)則更容易有口氣，酒精會(huì)讓人有口氣，所以B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此只能選A項(xiàng)。三、PartBIfyoushopatWestfield,you’veprobablybeenscannedandrecordedbydozensofhiddencamerasbuiltintothecentres’digitaladvertisingbillboards.Thesemi-camouflagedcamerascandeterminenotonlyyourageandgenderbutyourmood,cueinguptailoredadvertisementswithinseconds,thankstofacialdetectiontechnology.Westfield’sSmartscreennetworkwasdevelopedbytheFrenchsoftwarefirmQuividibackin2015.(41)________.Andoncethebillboardshaveyourattentiontheyhitrecord,sharingyourreactionwithadvertisers.Quividisaystheirbillboardscandistinguishshoppers’genderwith90%precision,fivecategoriesofmoodfrom“veryhappytoveryunhappy”andcustomers’agewithinafive-yearbracket.Moodisaparticularlyvaluableinsightforadvertisers,revealingshoppers’generalsentimenttowardsabrandandhowtheyfeelinparticularstoresatcertaintimesoftheday.(42)________.(43)________.ScentreGroup,WestfieldAustralia’sparentcompany,emphasisesthatalldatacollectedisanonymousandthattheyareusingfacialdetection,notfacialrecognitiontechnology(FRT).Thismeansgenericinformationsuchasashopper’sageandgenderiscollectedratherthanthetechnologyusingphoto-matchingdatabasestoidentifywhocustomersare.AspokespersonwouldnotconfirmwhetherornotWestfieldwouldconsiderusingFRTinthefuture.(44)________.Quividi’shostofinternationalclientsincludeTelstra,7-Eleven,Coca-Cola,OOHMediaandHSBCbank.TerryHartmann,vicepresidentofCognitecAsiaPacific,thecompanythatdevelops“market-leadingfacerecognitiontechnologiesforcustomersandgovernmentagenciesaroundtheworld”,saysusingfacialdetectioncommerciallyisnodifferenttoFacebook’smanipulationofusers’onlinesearchhistoryfortargetedadvertising.“You’renotidentifyingwhothatpersonis,you’rejustidentifyingthecharacteristicsofthatperson.(45)________.”A.Therearenowmorethan1,600billboardsinstalledinto41WestfieldcentresacrossAustraliaandNewZealand.

B.ButMicrosofthasacknowledgedtheconcernsaboutFRTandcalledforgreatergovernmentregulationoftheuseofthistechnology.

C.Theirdiscreetcamerascaptureblurryimagesofshoppersandapplystatisticalanalysistoidentifyaudiencedemographics.

D.That’snodifferenttoFacebookpoppingupadsyoumightbeinterestedinandsocialmediapickinguppeoplebasedontheirclickinghabitsortheshoppingthatthey’vedone.

E.Retailcompaniesareincreasinglyturningtofacialdetectionandfacialrecognitionsoftwaretoattractandengagea