2019年寧波大學(xué)考博英語真題（A卷）及答案

內(nèi)容為網(wǎng)上收集整理，如涉及侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系刪除內(nèi)容為網(wǎng)上收集整理，如涉及侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系刪除內(nèi)容為網(wǎng)上收集整理，如涉及侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系刪除2019年寧波大學(xué)考博英語真題（A卷）及答案一、UseofEnglishAgreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat(1)________doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwasless(2)________then,however,werethenew,positive(3)________thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.(4)________,therearereasonstobe(5)________.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore(6)________,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential(7)________thereare.Moreandmore(8)________,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft(9)________,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe(10)________together.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewill(11)________ratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor(12)________worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywayto(13)________poverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithas(14)________potential.To(15)________advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices(16)________respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an(17)________oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof(18)________(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.Andthatis(19)________America’sSecondWaveinfrastructure-(20)________roads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.1、

A、divide

B、information

C、world

D、lecture答案:A解析:文章第一句開門見山指出目前存在的信息貧富差距（divide），第三句也“thisloomingdanger”指代的就是這種信息差距，因此可以推斷第二句介紹的是這種貧富差距仍存在，選A項(xiàng)。2、

A、obscure

B、visible

C、invisible

D、indistinct答案:B解析:首先注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，其中提到了“new,positive(3)________thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide”，所以可以推斷出作者想說明過去和現(xiàn)在的區(qū)別，這種新的對抗力量勢必在過去不明顯。而visible的意思就是明顯的；能注意到的，故選B。obscure和indistinct都有“模糊不清的”的含義，在此處和less搭配在一起與想表達(dá)的意思相反了。3、

A、forces

B、obstacles

C、events

D、surprises答案:A解析:第二段主要介紹新的信息獲取方式，即因特網(wǎng)，它就屬于對抗信息不對等的新的力量之一。故選A項(xiàng)。4、

A、Seriously

B、Entirely

C、Actually

D、Continuously答案:C解析:從下文第二段中可以推斷作者想表達(dá)要相信現(xiàn)在的對抗信息差距的手段和力量。此空格需要填副詞，用來承上啟下，選項(xiàng)A、B、D的意思都不符，可以排除，故選C，意思是“事實(shí)上”。5、

A、negative

B、optimistic

C、pleasant

D、disappointed答案:B解析:從下文第二段第一句提到“Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow”，暗示的確有依據(jù)可以對縮小這種信息差距抱有樂觀態(tài)度。因此選B項(xiàng)。6、

A、developed

B、centralized

C、realized

D、commercialized答案:D解析:后半句提到企業(yè)為了利益普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，所以說互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也變得越來越商業(yè)化。因此選D項(xiàng)。7、

A、users

B、producers

C、customers

D、citizens答案:C解析:該句提到“themorepeopleonline”，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)化，這些人也就變成潛在的（potential）消費(fèi)者了。因此選C項(xiàng)。8、

A、enterprises

B、governments

C、officials

D、customers答案:B解析:上文講完企業(yè)，隨即就引出另一個(gè)主體，即政府。出于國家利益，它們也支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及。因此選B項(xiàng)。9、

A、away

B、for

C、aside

D、behind答案:D解析:這題可和上一題一起考慮，政府擔(dān)心的無非就是在競爭中自己的國家落后。這里考察詞組leavesomebodybehind，把某人落在后面。10、

A、netted

B、worked

C、put

D、organized答案:A解析:隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及，人們的聯(lián)系更加緊密，A選項(xiàng)可以很形象地描繪出這種互聯(lián)網(wǎng)人際關(guān)系，因?yàn)閚et本身有“網(wǎng)”的含義。而文中沒有提及人們一起工作，所以B選項(xiàng)不適合。11、

A、decrease

B、narrow

C、neglect

D、low答案:B解析:本句中“ratherthanwiden”提示我們要選一個(gè)widen的反義詞。本文主要介紹互聯(lián)網(wǎng)縮小信息差距，因此選B。12、

A、containing

B、preventing

C、keeping

D、combating答案:D解析:本句意思是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是對抗貧窮的最有效方式，故選D，combat在這里作及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“對抗，緩解不良現(xiàn)象”。句中poverty后面的定語從句“thatwe’veeverhad”說明貧窮已經(jīng)存在，因此選B不太合適。13、

A、win

B、detail

C、defeat

D、fear答案:C解析:重復(fù)12題中的對抗解決貧窮，所以選擇C選項(xiàng)。而選項(xiàng)A，win一般表示贏得某樣?xùn)|西，所以用在這里不合適。14、

A、enormous

B、countless

C、numerical

D、big答案:A解析:此句強(qiáng)調(diào)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有巨大潛力。在這里需要選擇一個(gè)形容詞，A符合題意。B選項(xiàng)意思是“數(shù)不盡的”，文中沒有提及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)其他的用處。C選項(xiàng)意思是“數(shù)字的；用數(shù)字表示的”，如numericaldata（數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)）。15、

A、bring

B、keep

C、hold

D、take答案:D解析:前文明確互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的作用，那么這一段就討論如何利用好它，提出建議。此處考察固定搭配takeadvantageofsomething，意思是“利用好某物”，故選D。16、

A、at

B、with

C、of

D、for答案:B解析:此處考察介詞搭配。withrespecttosomething意思是“關(guān)于，至于”，這里指落后國家應(yīng)該就外資問題上拋棄他們的偏見。17、

A、offence

B、investment

C、invasion

D、insult答案:C解析:這里的定語從句修飾countries，這些國家把外資視為對其主權(quán)的侵犯，所以選C，(invasionofsomething)。而選項(xiàng)D一般不跟介詞of，常見為insulttosb/sth。18、

A、construction

B、facility

C、infrastructure

D、institution答案:C解析:此句中括號部分“basicstructuralfoundationsofasociety”其實(shí)就是空格所填單詞的釋義，而下一句中又有industrialinfrastructure出現(xiàn)，可以推知選C。19、

A、why

B、where

C、when

D、how答案:A解析:前文提到美國沒有建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的資金，所以最后利用外資進(jìn)行建設(shè)。這和上文就是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，所以選A。20、

A、concerning

B、concluding

C、according

D、including答案:D解析:此處考察“roads,harbors,highways,ports”和infrastructure的關(guān)系，很明顯后者包括前者，故選D。二、PartA(總題數(shù):4,分?jǐn)?shù):40.0分)Text1Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementanddistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.21、Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto________.

A、identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B、definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C、illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D、comparecitieswithbloodfamilies答案:B解析:A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)文中都沒有具體體現(xiàn)，首先排除。D選項(xiàng)在最后一段中提到，但是不是本文寫作的主要目的。B選項(xiàng)才是作者通篇想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，即城市是由人們達(dá)成一種認(rèn)同而形成的。如第三段第一句提到人們是通過形成共識才創(chuàng)造了城市。最后一段中第三、四句也提到人們同意的生活方式（agree）。所以選B。22、Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as________.

A、anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B、asimplestatementofscientificfact

C、amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D、aparadoxwithironicimplications答案:A解析:題干句子出現(xiàn)在第一段第三句句子中，用來具體解釋metaphors的類型，隱喻屬于一種修辭語言，所以選A。23、Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is________.

A、respectful

B、ambivalent

C、skeptical

D、approving答案:C解析:第一段第三句提到，“Butcities—despite…(Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism)areartificial.”，主干是說明城市是人造的，而不是despite后面跟的那部分，所以可推測作者的態(tài)度是對題干句子持懷疑的。故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。24、Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

A、Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B、Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C、Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D、Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.答案:A解析:從21題可知，城市是由人們形成共識而建成的，城市中的人們很難分開，因?yàn)槌鞘须y以被消滅，這就是其和anthill的主要區(qū)別。所以選A項(xiàng)，其他選項(xiàng)在文中沒有直接依據(jù)。25、Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto________.

A、moveawayfromtheirenemies

B、gathertogetherinsettlements

C、welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D、redefinetheirfamilyrelationships答案:B解析:第三段整段圍繞“人們聚居從而形成城市”這一話題展開。因?yàn)樽〉媒愿浇娜藗冃枰黄鸬钟鶖橙?、防止洪?zāi)、尋求棲息避難處。本句“alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated…”中的congregate即同義提示，意思為“聚集”。所以選B選項(xiàng)。Text2Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.Thetensionbuiltupbythisantinomyhasprovedtobefruitfuloverthecenturies.However,thenotionthatthesoulwasmaterialprovedsounacceptabletoboththeAristoteliansandtheChristiansthatfornearlytwomillenniatheatomichypothesislanguished.26、AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace________.

A、doesnotexistwithregardtoatoms

B、isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatoms

C、isanerroneousnotionconcerningatoms

D、possessesinertialmass答案:B解析:文章第三段主要介紹了原子在emptyspace中運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況。比如“ineverydirection”和“Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace”等都在說明directionless這一特征，因此選B項(xiàng)。27、TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto________.

A、supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theories

B、notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruth

C、highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theory

D、addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussion答案:B解析:根據(jù)第四段可知，亞里士多德及其弟子后人并不認(rèn)可這一關(guān)于原子的概念。尤其是最后一句直接點(diǎn)出他們拒絕接受慣性定律（thelawofinertia），這是對科學(xué)發(fā)展的障礙（obstacle），正好對應(yīng)了B項(xiàng)中推遲了對科學(xué)真相的認(rèn)可（delay）。28、ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that________.

A、philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefields

B、scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheories

C、hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsound

D、hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotle答案:A解析:根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知，德謨克里特斯關(guān)于靈魂的理論并沒有被證實(shí)是對是錯(cuò)，因此不能直接下定論說哲學(xué)家沒能成功形成自己的理論，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)也是犯了類似錯(cuò)誤，文中沒有依據(jù)說這一理論是錯(cuò)誤的，而且表達(dá)太過絕對；本段中也沒有提及亞里士多德，所以D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。而從本段可知，在哲學(xué)家眼里，靈魂被物質(zhì)化、科學(xué)化，因此可以理解為哲學(xué)、宗教、科學(xué)有時(shí)不可分割，所以A項(xiàng)正確。29、Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?

A、Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot

B、Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower

C、Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants

D、Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies答案:D解析:第二段中提到“Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes…theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee”，由此可推測德謨克里特斯認(rèn)為花的生長周期是原子的聚集和分散。30、Whichismotanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?

A、Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels

B、Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatient’shealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday

C、Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild

D、Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit答案:B解析:從第六段第四、五兩句中可知，這些hardythinkers雖然認(rèn)可“靈魂是物質(zhì)的”這一觀點(diǎn)，并且認(rèn)為他人的靈魂是不自由的，但是他們并沒有禁錮自己的靈魂自由。這就好比醫(yī)生讓病人別抽煙，但自己卻每天抽煙一樣，故B項(xiàng)正確。Text3Thedefinitionofaestheticpleasureisapopularsubjectformanydifferentfields.Inthefollowing,adaptedfromanarticlefoundinasciencejournal,aphysicistdiscussestheuniqueperspectivethathisdisciplineallowshim.Sincetimeimmemorial,countlessscholarshaveaskedthequestion:Whatisbeauty?Asphilosophersengageinweightydiscourses,designersupdatethelatestfashions,andartistscreatetheirmasterpieces,whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace.Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn'shavetakenherplace.However,aestheticvaluesnotonlydifferfromgenerationtogeneration,butdosoalongculturallinesaswell.TheconventionsthatgovernpaintingandmusicvarygreatlyfromEasttoWest.Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttoonecivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.Asfundamentalphysicists,mycolleaguesandIliketobelievethatweareinvolvedinasearchforabeautythatdoesnotremainimpervioustodefinition.Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.Thosenotinvolvedwithphysicstendtothinkofitasapreciseandpredictivescience—certainlynotafieldofstudyfitforthecontemplationofthebeautiful.Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.Intruth,sincethedaythatAlbertEinsteinfirstproposedthenotionthattheremightbeoneoverarchingphysicaltheorythatgovernstheuniverse,aestheticshavebecomeadrivingforceinmodernphysics.WhatEinsteinandwe,ashisintellectualdescendants,havediscoveredisthis:Nature,asitsmostfundamentallevel,isbeautifullyconstructed.Theremarkablesimplicityofthelawsthatgovernstheuniverseis,attimes,nothingshortofbreath-taking.Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound.AsEinsteinhimselfsaid,itwouldseemmorelikelythatweshouldfindourselveslivinga“chaoticworld,innowaygraspablethroughthinking.”Yethereweare,closerthanevertoafullunderstandingoftheuniverse’sbeautifulclockwork.31、Thereferenceto“MarilynMonroe”inParagraph1primarilyservesto________.

A、Provideanexampleoftoday’sstandardsofbeauty

B、Discussherabilitiesasanactress

C、Demonstratehowsusceptibleaestheticsaretochange

D、ComparetraditionsofEastandWest答案:C解析:文章第一段中提到MarilynMonroe，在過去是公認(rèn)的美人，但是如今的好萊塢女演員取代了她的位置。這說明了美學(xué)是隨時(shí)代變化的，證明了本段中第二句所說的內(nèi)容“whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace”。故選C。32、Theauthor’sassertioninParagraph1(“whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother”)suggeststhat________.

A、culturesarenaturallydestinedtoclash

B、manycivilizationsarepronetodisgustingbehavior

C、individualstendtodisagreeonwhattheyfindbeautiful

D、itisnearlyimpossibletosaywhatistrulybeautiful答案:D解析:盡管題干句子中有生僻詞，但是仍舊可以從段落信息中推測這句話是在說明不同文化奉行不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美，因此沒有絕對的美的定義，D項(xiàng)符合。A、B、C都與本段主旨無關(guān)。33、AsusedinParagraph2,thephrase“l(fā)aiddown”mostnearlymeans________.

A、created

B、rested

C、slept

D、secured答案:B解析:laydown有“放下；制定；鋪設(shè)”的意思，從同句中“establishedbyNature”可推測其意思，在這里是指“建立、創(chuàng)立”的意思，B項(xiàng)中的rest作動(dòng)詞時(shí)有“休息、使倚靠”的意思，在句子中可以引申理解為通過人們的工作建立起來的美。34、Theauthorusesthewords“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)inorderto________.

A、contrasttheconceptofimpermanentbeautywiththebeautyforwhichphysicssearches

B、evaluatetheeffectivenessofphysicsasanartform

C、discusshowphysicistsvisualizebeauty

D、criticizepeoplewhodon’tunderstandphysics答案:A解析:結(jié)合本段后半部分提到的普通人和物理學(xué)家看待同一事物、對美有不同理解，可以推測出題干句子表達(dá)的也是一種對比。題干中的ephemeral實(shí)則就是選項(xiàng)A中的impermanent同義詞，且A選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。D選項(xiàng)中作者沒有批評的意思，B和C選項(xiàng)與題干句子主題不符。35、Inthecourseofoutliningthevariousgiftsofphysics,theauthorcitesallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A、theabilitytolookforabeautythatisunchanging

B、appreciatingthevisualbeautyofawavecrashing

C、agreatercomprehensionofNature’sways

D、seeingadeeperdesigninnaturalevents答案:A解析:最后一段提到“Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound”，說明我們尋求美的能力隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步在提高，A項(xiàng)意思正好相反。Text4Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggases,therestofwhichishydrogensulfide.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassis“morningbreath”.Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofabadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.36、Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“________”.

A、thriveon

B、accountfor

C、originatefrom

D、descendfrom答案:C解析:第一段第二句出現(xiàn)題干中的詞組，后半句主要講口氣還可能是由于其他原因，所以前半句中提到的口腔細(xì)菌應(yīng)該也是導(dǎo)致口氣的原因。所以選C項(xiàng)，originatefrom有“來自，來源于”的意思。thriveon有“生長，以……”的意思，descendfrom“從……下來”的意思，accountfor有“占（比例）、解釋說明、導(dǎo)致”的意思，三者均不符題意。37、Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

A、Toothtrouble

B、Sulfur-fishfood

C、Toomuchexercise

D、Mentalstrain答案:D解析:第二段主要講引起口氣的原因，該段的第八句提到壓力（stress）也會導(dǎo)致口氣，對應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)D。38、Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause________.

A、itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing.

B、itssmelladdstobaddeath.

C、itkillssomehelpfulbacteria.

D、itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva.答案:D解析:第二段第六句提到了酒精也會引起口氣，而究其原因，其實(shí)第二段的第一句已經(jīng)講明，“Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows”，當(dāng)salivaslow慢下來，細(xì)菌滋生，所以選D項(xiàng)。39、Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause________.

A、theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough.

B、theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria.

C、theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse.

D、theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus.答案:B解析:最后一段提到“Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms”，正好對應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)B。A項(xiàng)不是mouthwash無法接觸口氣的根因，因?yàn)榭跉馐且驗(yàn)榧?xì)菌造成。C和D項(xiàng)均未提到。所以B項(xiàng)正確。40、Wecaninferfromthispassagethat________.

A、offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured.

B、elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath.

C、heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath.

D、offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol.答案:A解析:可以使用排除法。第二段中提到老年人實(shí)則更容易有口氣，酒精會讓人有口氣，所以B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此只能選A項(xiàng)。三、PartBIfyoushopatWestfield,you’veprobablybeenscannedandrecordedbydozensofhiddencamerasbuiltintothecentres’digitaladvertisingbillboards.Thesemi-camouflagedcamerascandeterminenotonlyyourageandgenderbutyourmood,cueinguptailoredadvertisementswithinseconds,thankstofacialdetectiontechnology.Westfield’sSmartscreennetworkwasdevelopedbytheFrenchsoftwarefirmQuividibackin2015.(41)________.Andoncethebillboardshaveyourattentiontheyhitrecord,sharingyourreactionwithadvertisers.Quividisaystheirbillboardscandistinguishshoppers’genderwith90%precision,fivecategoriesofmoodfrom“veryhappytoveryunhappy”andcustomers’agewithinafive-yearbracket.Moodisaparticularlyvaluableinsightforadvertisers,revealingshoppers’generalsentimenttowardsabrandandhowtheyfeelinparticularstoresatcertaintimesoftheday.(42)________.(43)________.ScentreGroup,WestfieldAustralia’sparentcompany,emphasisesthatalldatacollectedisanonymousandthattheyareusingfacialdetection,notfacialrecognitiontechnology(FRT).Thismeansgenericinformationsuchasashopper’sageandgenderiscollectedratherthanthetechnologyusingphoto-matchingdatabasestoidentifywhocustomersare.AspokespersonwouldnotconfirmwhetherornotWestfieldwouldconsiderusingFRTinthefuture.(44)________.Quividi’shostofinternationalclientsincludeTelstra,7-Eleven,Coca-Cola,OOHMediaandHSBCbank.TerryHartmann,vicepresidentofCognitecAsiaPacific,thecompanythatdevelops“market-leadingfacerecognitiontechnologiesforcustomersandgovernmentagenciesaroundtheworld”,saysusingfacialdetectioncommerciallyisnodifferenttoFacebook’smanipulationofusers’onlinesearchhistoryfortargetedadvertising.“You’renotidentifyingwhothatpersonis,you’rejustidentifyingthecharacteristicsofthatperson.(45)________.”A.Therearenowmorethan1,600billboardsinstalledinto41WestfieldcentresacrossAustraliaandNewZealand.

B.ButMicrosofthasacknowledgedtheconcernsaboutFRTandcalledforgreatergovernmentregulationoftheuseofthistechnology.

C.Theirdiscreetcamerascaptureblurryimagesofshoppersandapplystatisticalanalysistoidentifyaudiencedemographics.

D.That’snodifferenttoFacebookpoppingupadsyoumightbeinterestedinandsocialmediapickinguppeoplebasedontheirclickinghabitsortheshoppingthatthey’vedone.

E.Retailcompaniesareincreasinglyturningtofacialdetectionandfacialrecognitionsoftwaretoattractandengagea