大興區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年度高二年級英語第一學(xué)期期中考試題

大興區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中檢測試卷高二英語2023.11本試卷共13頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Intheheartofthecity,nestedbetweenthetoweringskyscrapers,stoodalittlelibrarythathadwithstoodthetestof__1__.Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstoriesnotjustfromthepages,butofthecountlesssoulswhohadwalkedits__2__.Anna,ayoungwriter,oftenvisitedthisoasis（綠洲）ofknowledge.Shewasonthe__3__ofpublishingherfirstbookbutwasfacingthecripplingself-doubtthatoftentroublescreators.Oneevening,asshewanderedbetweentheshelves,shehappenedtoseeanold,dusty__4__.Itwasajournalfromthe1800s,writtenbyathen-unknownwriternamedLillian.AsAnnaskimmedthroughthepages,shewas__5__byLillian’sstruggleswhichmirroredherown.Lillianwroteofherrejections,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogiveup.Butshealsowroteofher__6__moments,wherethewordsflowedlikeariverandthestoriestookalifeoftheirown.ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian’sfirstbookwaspublished.Itread,“Tothefuturedreamerswhomayfindthis:Remember,every__7__hasitsdawn.Yourstrugglesaremerelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.Keepwriting,keepdreaming,andoneday,yourstorieswilllightupsomeone’s__8__justasyouhavelitupmine.”AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.Withrenewed__9__,sheleftthelibrary,readytofacethechallengesahead.Forinherheart,shecarriedLillian’sstory—abeaconofhopeandatestamenttothetimelessjourneyof__10__.1. A.modernity B.time C.innovation D.criticism2. A.rows B.rooms C.seats D.gates3. A.edge B.top C.end D.middle4. A.novel B.diary C.manuscript D.brochure5. A.prevented B.amazed C.struck D.puzzled6. A.disorderly B.ordinary C.bright D.final7. A.story B.night C.path D.task8. A.day B.world C.despair D.book9. A.energy B.purpose C.hesitation D.perspective10. A.creation B.writing C.discovery D.learning語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A Millionsofyearsago,theEarth__11__(inhabit)bywonderfulcreaturesthatnolongerwalkourlands.Onesuchcreature,thedodo,oncethrivedontheisolatedislandofMauritius.Itwasaflightlessbird__12__auniqueappearance.Sadly,duetohumaninterferenceandintroducedspecies,thesebirdsweredriventoextinctionwithinafewcenturiesoftheir__13__(discover).B MarieCurie,borninWarsaw,Poland,wasatrailblazingphysicistandchemistacknowledgedforher__14__(pioneer)researchonradioactivity.Notonlydidshebecomethefirstwoman__15__(win)aNobelPrize,butshealsoremainstheonlypersonwhohaswonNobelPrizesinbothPhysicsandChemistry.Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield__16__(inspire)countlessindividualsworldwide.C DuringtheRenaissance,aperiod__17__coversfromthe14thtothe17thcentury,Europeexperiencedarevivalofart,culture,andintellect.LeonardodaVinci,oftenreferredtoasthearchetypeofthe“RenaissanceMan”,wasnotonlyanartistbutalso__18__inventor,scientist,andmathematician.Hispainting,theMonaLisa,isconsideredoneof__19__(famous)iconicworksofart.Yet,manyofhis__20__,althoughrevolutionary,werenotbuiltduringhislifetime.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AHorizonInstitute:AnnualWinterWorkshopBackgroundEstablishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthegapbetweenacademictheoryandreal-worldapplication.Withover20,000alumniworldwide,ourfocusisonprovidinghands-onexperiencesinawiderangeofdisciplines.WorkshopDetails:Dates:December5th-December20thCoursesAvailable:AdvancedMathematics,ExperimentalPhysics,DigitalArtDesign,andLeadershipDynamics.Eligibility:Studentsaged12-18withakeeninterestinthechosensubject.Fee:$350forasinglecourse.Enrollintwoormorecoursesfora15%discountonthetotalfee.FacilitiesandFeatures:State-of-the-artlaboratoriesanddesignstudios.Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.Accesstoourextensivelibraryandonlineresources.AdditionalBenefits:Certificationuponcoursecompletion.Opportunitiesforinternshipsinpartnerorganizations.NetworkingeventswithHorizonalumniandindustryleaders.ForMoreDetails:VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.Contactusviaemail:contact@orcall:(456)789-0123.21.WhatisHorizonInstitute’sprimarymission?A.Hostingwinterworkshopseveryyear.B.Organizingnetworkingeventsforstudents.C.Linkingacademicteachingstopracticalexperiences.D.Offeringonlinecoursesinvariousdisciplines.22.Whatcanstudentsexpectwhentheyjoinintheworkshop?A.Freemealsthroughoutthecourse.B.Personalizedone-on-oneteachingsessions.C.Interactionwithprofessionalsfromvariousindustries.D.Achancetostudyabroadwithpartnerinstitutions.23.Howcansomeonegatherin-depthinformationabouttheworkshop?A.Bybrowsingtheinstitute’sonlinecatalog.B.ByattendingtheopenhouseonNovember15th.C.Bywaitingfortheannualnewsletter.D.Byjoiningtheinstitute’ssocialmediapage.BInthesprawlingmetropolisofGrayville,whereskyscraperstouchedtheheavensandstreetswereconstantlybuzzingwithlife,thereexistedauniqueplacecalled“TheCornerofQuietude”.Itwasneitheraparknorabuilding.Infact,itwassimplyastreetcorner,markedbyasinglelamppostwithapeculiarsign:“Speaksoftly,forthisisaplaceofsolace”.Legendhaditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurroundingnoise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteriouspeace.Overtheyears,manyhadcometoexperienceitsmagic.Theyspokeofheartbreaks,dreams,regrets,andwishes,seekingsolaceinitsembrace.Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,shedecidedtotestthelegend.Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstrugglesinthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasiftheworldaroundherpaused.Elladugintothehistoryof“TheCornerofQuietude”.Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,amusiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwouldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilenttunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.SomebelievedthatthecornerabsorbedAlaric’syearningforexpressionandbecameaplaceforallwhosoughttovoicetheirinnermostemotions.24.Whatwasuniqueabout“TheCornerofQuietude”inGrayville?A.Itwastheoldestparkinthisbusycity.B.ItwaswhereAlaricplayedmusiceverynight.C.Peoplefoundtheirwordsreplacedbyquietness.D.Itwasasilentzonewherenosoundwasallowed.25.WhydidEllacometothecornerinthefirstplace?A.Tocheckthelegend.B.Towhisperherfears.C.Tomeetthemusician.D.Tofinishherassignment.26.HowdidEllareactuponexperiencingthecorner’smagic?A.Shefeltitwasjustanothercitymystery.B.Sheimmediatelybelievedinthelegend.C.Shewroteanarticletoclarifythetruth.D.Shewassurprisedandfeltasenseofcalm.27.WhatissuggestedaboutthemusicianAlaric?A.HewasthefounderofGrayvilleandthecorner.B.Hereclaimedhisvoicebyplayingatthecorner.C.Heplayedmusictodisruptthepeaceofthecorner.D.Hissilenttunescontributedtothecorner’smysterioussense.CChinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis（合成）ofsugarfromcarbondioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucialstepinartificialsugarsynthesis. Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences’TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy’sDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.TheirresearchwaspublishedlastweekinapaperinChineseScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal. Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyrawmaterialforindustrialproduction,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,thetraditionalmethodofextractionislimitedbytheenergyconversionefficiencyofplantphotosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming. Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheirlatestresearch,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherrawmaterialsinthereactionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme（酶）catalysts,theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatoseandmannose.Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditionalmethodsofsugarextraction,accordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociateresearcherattheTianjininstitute. Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally. Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis.“Bycontrollingthevariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbesynthesized,”Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,amemberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbondioxideintosugars. TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilizerawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhileminimizingoreliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.28.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis? A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.B.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction. D.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant? A.Itsynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory. B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes. C.Itconvertedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideintosugar. D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage? A.Greenchemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.B.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionsoon. C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson. D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproductionduetoitsefficiency.DMakingelectricityoutoffossilfuelsreleaseslotsofgreenhousegases,whichaccumulateintheatmosphereandheatuptheplanet.Nuclearpower,ontheotherhand,hasthepotentialtobeanalmostunlimitedandmoreclimate-friendlyenergysource.Thatisbecauseincontrasttofossilfuels,nogreenhousegasesarereleaseddirectlyduringtheimmediateuseofthefuel.However,therearealsoseveralmajorproblems.First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostlyandenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmentalproblems.Second,nuclearenergyproductiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousifnothandledsafely.Finally,theentireprocessrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensiveinfrastructure（基建）,whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions.Weusecomputerandmathematicalmodelstounderstandifitmightbepossibletoredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaythattheyrunonnuclearwaste.Thiswouldreducethenegativeimpactsofcurrentandfuturenuclearpowergenerationimmensely.Ourmodelshowthatitisfeasible（可行的）toredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaytheycanrunonspentnuclearfuel(SNF).Plus,theSNFdoesnothavetobefurthermodifiedbeforeitisused.Evenbetter,ouradvancednuclearpowerstationsdonotproduceanyadditionalwaste.Whiletheseinnovativepowerstationsdonotyetexist,ourresearchindicatesthattheyarearealpossibilityforthefuture.Inourresearch,so-calledmoltensaltreactorsseemapromisingcandidateforthenewtypeofnuclearpowerstationastheycouldberedesignedtorunonSNF.Moltensaltreactorsoperateonfuelmeltinliquidsalt.Overalifetimeof60years,oneofthesereactorswould“eatup”roughly70tonsofSNF.Thisamountaccumulatesin3to4yearsofoperationinatraditionalnuclearpowerstationofcomparablesize.Oursuggestedredesignwouldmakenuclearenergygenerationmuchmoreefficientandsustainable,asitcould“squeezeout”upto20timesmoreenergyfromalreadyspentnuclearfuel.ItwouldalsoeliminateanySNFasasourceofhighlyproblematicwaste.

Creatingnuclearpowerstationsthatcanrunonexistingnuclearwasteisaworthyendeavor,andourfeasibilityanalysisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone.However,weneedalotofinnovativeandmultidisciplinaryresearchtoputthisvisionintoreality.“Eatingup”radioactivewasteasfuelwouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveusfromthecostsandenvironmentaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthecomplicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.ThenewoperationalmodelwouldonlyconsistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwouldreducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Usingourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakefulladvantageoftheclimate-friendlyaspectofnuclearpowergeneration.Eveninscienceandtechnology,it’simportanttorealizewhenwehavetorethinkourcurrentapproachesandwhatouroptionsareforimprovement.Currentnuclearpowerstationshavebeencreatedwithpasttechnologiesandgoalsinmind.Nowadays,somepeopleclaim,theymightcreateoftenmoreproblemsthantheysolve.Weneedinnovativealternativestoprovidesustainable,safeandcleanenergyforgenerationstocome.31.Whentalkingaboutthemajorproblemsofnuclearpowerproduction,theauthortriestosay_______. A.nuclearenergyisnotenvironmental-friendly B.nuclearpowerplantsdeservetoberemodeledC.nuclearenergyisdangerousanddifficulttohandleD.nuclearpowerplantsarecomplexandhardtobuild32.Whatdoestheword“endeavor”underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymean? A.attempt B.business C.candidate D.design33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A.Theproposedreactorisfeasibleandlikelytobeputintouse.B.Theproposedreactoriseconomicalandoperationallyeffective.C.Theproposedreactorcansolvethemajorproblemspreviouslymentionedinthepassage. D.TheproposedreactorcanuseupSNFfrommanytraditionalreactorsofcomparablesize.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage? A.Nuclearwaste=fuelofthefuture? B.Nuclearproblems=effortstosolvethem C.Nuclearpower=cleanenergyforthefuture! D.Nuclearplants=innovationandmultidisciplinaryresearch第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyoubecomereallyinterestedinself-improvementlately?Thispursuitofmoreandbetterthings,whethertheybebetterhealth,clothes,ormoneyhasbeennormalized,butsometimestothedetrimentofpeople’swellbeing.Thisself-improvementmindsetcanmakeyoufeeldisempowered,likeyoushouldbesomeoneelse.Herearefivetime-wastingself-improvementhabitsthatareharmfultoyou.ExtremelyhighandunrealisticexpectationsHavinggoalscanbeveryhelpfulsinceitcanhelpgiveyousomethingtoworktowardsandplaceyourenergyinto.__35__Thisisaharmfulhabitbecauseyou’renotfocusedonyourselfandyourenjoymentoflife,butonachievingotherpeople’sideals.Remember,youdon’thavetobeperfect,youjustneedtobeyourself.ThequickculturementalityTheideaabouthowyoumustnevergiveuporthatyoumustconstantlyhustle,evenattheexpenseofyourhealthcanbeverydamagingtoyourwellbeing.Sometimes,thingsjustdon’tworkoutandyouneedtogiveup,butthat’snotabadthing.__36__Asmuchastherearepeoplewhohavesupportthemselvesandothersbyworkinglonghours,constantlyhustlingwithouttakinganybreaksforyourselftogetyourbearingsmayonlyleadtoburnout.Puttingaesthetics（審美）overhealthSocialmediacanbeatooltohelpyouchangeyourlifeforthebetter,itcanalsomisleadhowyouseeyourselfandothers.__37__Womenareimploredtogetdangerous,unnecessarycosmeticsurgeryandmenaretoldtobejackedandinthegymbyanymeansforthosegains,butourbodiesarenottrendsthatweshouldbeashamedof.InformationwithoutapplicationLikemanyothers,youmaydecidetoapplytheself-improvementinformationonceyoufinishedreadingallofit,buttherearesomanybooksaboutitandnewoneskeepscomingout.__38__Aspowerfulasknowledgeis,appliedknowledgeisthebestkind.Don’tbeafraidtoapplywhatyou’velearntintotheworld.VisualizationswithoutactionPerhapsyouseeyourselfasapainter,oryouwishyou’dhaveabighouse.Visualizingthelifeyouwantandputtingitouttherecanbeagreatwaytogetyourselfmotivated.However,thiscanbecomeanissuewhenyouonlyputitoutthereanddreamaboutitwithnothinginbetweentobridgethegap.__39__Rememberthatyouhavetoactuallydoittogetthere.A.Itcanbeheartbreakingandtough,butitmaybenecessary.B.Itwillbetoobadifyoufailtokeepyourmomentumandworkon.C.Youneedtocreategreatexpectationsinordertodriveyourselfforward.D.Ifitlacksthestructureandaction,allyoudreamtaboutisonlyadream.E.However,youmightcreatewildexpectationswhicharetoomuchforyourself.F.Insteadofpromotinghealthylifestyles,itadvertisescertainbodytypesasdesirable.G.Allofthesehow-to’scanbehelpful,buttheyareuselessifyoudon’tactuallyusethem.第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié),32分)閱讀表達(共4小題，共12分；第40、41小題,每小題2分；第42題,3分；第43題,5分)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英語回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Japanstartedreleasingnuclear-contaminatedwaterintothePacificOceanonAugust24thandwillcontinuetodosoforatleast30years.Inthefaceofstrongquestioningandoppositionfromtheinternationalcommunity,Japanplayswordgamesbyreferringtothedischarged“nuclear-contaminatedwater”as“treatednuclearwastewater”.However,thetwoarefundamentallydifferent.Nuclearwastewaterreferstothewastewaterproducedduringthenormal,dailyoperationofanuclearpowerplant,suchaslargequantitiesofwaterusedtocooldownthereactoroftheplant.Becausethewaterdoesn’ttouchradioactivesubstances（放射性物質(zhì)）inthenuclearreactor,itcanbeflushedou