專題一冠詞代詞介詞 公開課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

冠詞、代詞、介詞冠詞考點(diǎn)一考查不定冠詞的用法1Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.

【考點(diǎn)歸納】①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指意義。②在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前加a/an,使之具有了“一”的概念,表示“一份,一陣,一場(chǎng),一類,一種”等。如:acoffee,awonderfulsupper,asurprise,haveagoodknowledge/understandingof。③用于序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”。如:athirdtry再試一次。④用于“a+most+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),此時(shí),most意為“非常,很”。如:Idontknowwhoinventedthetelephone,butitsreallyamostwonderfulinvention.⑤用在某些固定詞組中。如:haveacold,haveagoodtime,keepadiary,inahurry,onceinawhile,ataloss,forawhile,onceuponatime,allofasudden,dosbafavour,asamatteroffact?？键c(diǎn)二考查定冠詞的用法2Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

【考點(diǎn)歸納】①特指某些人或事物。②表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前一般加定冠詞the;但如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ),也可能用不定冠詞a或an。如:theworld,apeacefulworld。③用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)前。④表示樂(lè)器的名詞前一般用定冠詞the,但前面如果出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)修飾,也可能用不定冠詞a或an。如:Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.⑤用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前,表示“全家”或“夫婦”,或用于形容詞或分詞前,表示一類人或物。⑥用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前或用于整十的數(shù)詞前,表示某個(gè)年代或年齡段。如:inonesthirties,inthe17thcentury。⑦用在某些固定詞組中。如:ontheright,bytheway,gotothecinema,onthecontrary,atthebeginning,intheend,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,totellthetruth等?！稣`區(qū)警示誤區(qū)之一:冠詞a與an的誤用3Themobilephoneisbecomingusefultoolforustocommunicatewithothers.

[試題分析]a因?yàn)閠ool是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,故前面應(yīng)填不定冠詞,表示“一種有用的工具”;又因useful雖以元音字母開頭,但其讀音卻以輔音音素開頭,故填a。此題易受元音字母u的影響而誤填an。4AllmylifeIhavetriedtobehonestman.

[試題分析]an泛指“一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”,用不定冠詞;又因honest以元音音素開頭,故填an。此題易受輔音字母h的影響而誤填a。謹(jǐn)記:拼寫以輔音字母開頭,讀音卻以元音音素開頭的單詞,前面要用an如:hour,honest,honour拼寫以元音字母開頭,讀音卻以輔音音素開頭的單詞,前面要用a如:useful,university,usual,European,united,one-eyed,one-way誤區(qū)之二:泛指與特指的誤用5Idontknowwhoinventedthetelephone,butitsreallymostwonderfulinvention.

代詞考點(diǎn)一考查人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的用法1WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.

[試題分析]them考查代詞。此句是“find+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),作動(dòng)詞find的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用代詞的賓格形式。故填them?！究键c(diǎn)歸納】人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的使用規(guī)則人稱代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they人稱代詞賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them形容詞性物主代詞my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名詞性物主代詞mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves考點(diǎn)二考查不定代詞all,both,either,any,neither,none的用法2Itsaneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecantdo.

[試題分析]both句意:這是一個(gè)只能二選一的處境——我們可以在今年買一輛新車,或者去度假,但是我們不可能兩件事都做。not…both是部分否定,意為“并非兩者都……”。故填both。【考點(diǎn)歸納】both,all,either,any,neither,none的使用規(guī)則都任何一個(gè)都不(全部否定)部分否定兩者botheitherneithernot+both三者或三者以上allanynonenot+all考點(diǎn)三考查不定代詞other,another,theother,others,theothers的用法3Animportantqualityinaneighbourisconsiderationfor.

[試題分析]others此處介詞for缺少賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)填名詞或代詞。根據(jù)句意“好鄰居的一項(xiàng)重要品質(zhì)就是為他人著想”可知此處填others,泛指“其他人”?！究键c(diǎn)歸納】other(s),theother(s),another的使用規(guī)則theother,othertheother可單獨(dú)使用,特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”,也可修飾名詞,表示“另外的……”;other不能單獨(dú)使用,只能修飾名詞,表示泛指意義another可單獨(dú)使用,也可修飾名詞,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”,代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”others,theothersothers單獨(dú)使用,表示泛指意義,意為“其他的人或事物”,常與some一起出現(xiàn);特指“其他的全部人或事物”時(shí)用theothers■誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū)之一:代詞的“性”的誤用5Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease.

6LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.

誤區(qū)之三:代詞的“格”的誤用7MrsBrownsaidhellotoherfriends—Maryand(I).

介詞考點(diǎn)一考查常見介詞意義的活用1[2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·語(yǔ)法填空](節(jié)選)IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasIdbeenobserving.

[試題分析]for考查介詞。searchfor是固定搭配,意為“尋找”。故填for?？键c(diǎn)二考查介詞與名詞、形容詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配2Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.

■誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū)之一:介詞結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配誤用3Theveryloudnoisesentallthebirdsflyingalldirections.

[試題分析]in考查固定搭配。inalldirections是固定用法,意為“朝四面八方”,故填介詞in。此題易受漢語(yǔ)的影響而誤填to/towards。誤區(qū)之二:介詞to的誤用4Helookedforwardnowandthento(see)afamiliarfaceinthecrowd.

[試題分析]seeing本題中nowandthen是插入語(yǔ),lookforwardto意為“盼望,預(yù)期”,to是介詞,后面要接形式,故填seeing。此題易受to的影響而誤填see。以下詞組中to是介詞:bedevotedto致力于,忠誠(chéng)于;be/become/getaccustomedto習(xí)慣于;getdownto著手做;leadto導(dǎo)致;objectto反對(duì),不喜歡,不贊成;lookforwardto盼望;payattentionto注意;besimilarto和……相似;dueto由于,歸因于……;befamiliarto為……熟悉;beseniorto年齡長(zhǎng)于……;beequalto和……相等;owingto因?yàn)?由于。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空cantsellthehouse.Itisnt(he);itsmine.

didnthave(I)ownroomtillmysisterleftforcollege.

wereeagertoseeLasVegasandall(it)attractions.

researchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.

qualityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools.

averageofjustofrainfelllastyear,makingthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.

velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdontlikeofthemverymuch.

sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechildrensbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotinway.

justheardbankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbygunmanwearingamask.

canttellyouwaytotheWilsonsbecausewedonthaveWilsonhereinthevillage.

parentswereshockedbynewsthattheirsonneededoperationonhisknee.

littlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.

13.theproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.

seriousstudyofphysicsisimpossiblesomeknowledgeofmathematics.

isinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaveshalfanhour.

Imnotsure1.ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.ImwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,Imface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2.topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe3.(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardsme.Iquicklylowermyself