2022年中考英語(yǔ)(百色專(zhuān)用)復(fù)習(xí)精講教學(xué)案-專(zhuān)題8動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

專(zhuān)題八動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式和分類(lèi)(必考，選擇填空、完形填空、選詞填空、單詞拼寫(xiě)考查)選擇填空。(B)1.(2021柳州改編)He________likehisbrother.A．lookB．looksC．lookingD．looked(C)2.It________dark.ShallIturnonthelight?A．getsB．gotC．isgettingD．wasgetting(D)3.—________Jackusuallydrinkmilk?—Yes，he________．Helikesitverymuch.A．Do；isB．Do；doC．Does；isD．Does；does(B)4.Yesterdayafternoon，TomandI________toazoo.goB．wentC．goingD．goes用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。5．Mrs.Licameintotheclassroom，__carrying__(carry)abookunderherarm.6．Hewasdrunkandlying(lie)onthestreet.7．Shesattherequietly__reading__(read)anovel.8．Inthepast，mygrandparents__lived__(live)inanoldandsmallhouse.1．動(dòng)詞的基本形式(1)規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞原形run，watch，study…第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后加-srun—runs以s，x，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-eswatch—watchesgo—goes以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加-esstudy—studies現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ingstudy—studying以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e再加-ingmake—making以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ingstop—stopping少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y，再加-ingdie—dying續(xù)表動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwork—worked—worked以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-dlive—lived—lived以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加-edcry—cried—cried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-edstop—stopped—stopped注意：常見(jiàn)的以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞有：begin，run，swim，get，put，sit，shop，cut等。【助記口訣】開(kāi)始(begin)跑步(run)，然后游泳(swim)，上岸拿來(lái)(get)衣服穿上(put)并坐下(sit)。打開(kāi)電腦來(lái)購(gòu)物(shop)，學(xué)會(huì)比較會(huì)砍價(jià)(cut)。(2)不規(guī)則變化(詳見(jiàn)《晨讀背記手冊(cè)》“不規(guī)則變化表”)2．動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞本身含有實(shí)際意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。按能否直接接賓語(yǔ)可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。(2)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有意義或意義不完全，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。助動(dòng)詞在句中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，以表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)等語(yǔ)法形式。此外助動(dòng)詞還可用來(lái)構(gòu)成表否定、疑問(wèn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的句型。(3)連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)系動(dòng)詞，其本身沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。系動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份等。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，stay，keep，remain，feel，look，sound，taste，smell，become，get，turn，go等。(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詳見(jiàn)“專(zhuān)題九情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”)動(dòng)詞詞義及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析(僅2019未考，選擇填空、完形填空考查)選擇填空。(B)1.Sam________acomputerfrommeyesterday.A．soldB．borrowedC．lentD．returned(B)2.JimisgoingtojointheArtClubbecausehelikes________.A．cookingB．drawingC．runningD．reading(A)3.(2021常州)Don't________yourchildwithothersbecauseeverychildisatreasure.A．compareB．complainC．contactD．consider(C)4.(2021青海改編)Momiscookingchickensoup.It________sogood.A．soundsB．tastesC．smellsD．feels(B)5.AlotofschoolsacrossChina________startingclassesbecauseofCOVID-19.A．putupB．putoffC．putonD．putaway(B)6.(2021菏澤改編)—IsanythingworthseeinginXi'an?—Yes.Don't________theamazingTerracottaArmy.A．offerB．missC．shareD．print(A)7.(2021南寧馬山縣一模)SamwantstobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshanwhenhe________．A．growsupB．wakesupC．staysupD．getsup(D)8.—Fangfang，shallwegotoseeafilmonSaturday?—Sorry.I'llhaveto________myyoungerbrotherbecausemymotherisout.A．lookatB．lookforC．lookupD．lookafter(D)9.(2021鞍山)—Thesummervacationiscoming.Doyouhaveanyplans?—I'mgoingto________ahobbylikeplayingtheguitar.A．cutupB．lookupC．turnupD．takeup(A)10.I________sleepverywell，butthenIstarteddoingyogaandithelpedalot.A．didn'tusetoB．usedtoC．wasusedtoD．wasn'tusedto(B)11.You'dbetter________yourcoat.It'shotinsidethehouse.A．takeoutB．takeoffC．takeupD．takeaway(D)12.(2021鐵嶺)—Sam,let's________theseoldthings.Idon'tneedthemanymore.—No.Wecantrytoputthemtogooduse.A．pulldownB．fixupC．handoutD．throwaway(A)13.(2021樂(lè)山改編)—Areyoukidding?Ican'tbelieveit!—I'mserious.I'mnot________astory.Itreallyhappened!A．makingupB．lookingupC．takingupD．gettingup1．不同類(lèi)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析不同類(lèi)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析主要考查動(dòng)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。在近8年百色中考中，重點(diǎn)考查實(shí)義動(dòng)詞辨析(2021、T46；2020、T48；2015、T39&T49&T53；2014、T48)及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析(2021、T50)。解答此類(lèi)試題的關(guān)鍵在于弄清句子在特定語(yǔ)境下的含義并結(jié)合常識(shí)和平時(shí)積累的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)找到關(guān)鍵詞或前后的邏輯關(guān)系，從而確定正確答案。2．詞義相對(duì)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞辨析accept接受—refuse拒絕；不愿continue繼續(xù)—stop停止take拿走—bring帶來(lái)(2014、T50)borrow把……借入—lend把……借給arrive到達(dá)—leave離開(kāi)find找到—lose丟失ask問(wèn)—answer回答forget忘記—remember記住begin開(kāi)始—end/finish結(jié)束love/like喜歡—hate討厭believe相信—doubt懷疑open開(kāi)—close關(guān)buy買(mǎi)—sell賣(mài)save節(jié)約—waste浪費(fèi)come來(lái)—go去succeed成功—fail失敗(2016、T53)3.易混動(dòng)詞辨析(1)arrive，reach與getto(考點(diǎn)講解詳見(jiàn)P17“考點(diǎn)2”)(2)borrow，lend與keep(考點(diǎn)講解詳見(jiàn)P65“考點(diǎn)1”)(3)watch，look，see與read(考點(diǎn)講解詳見(jiàn)P11“考點(diǎn)2”)(4)talk，speak，say與tell(考點(diǎn)講解詳見(jiàn)P17“考點(diǎn)1”)(5)spend，take，pay與cost(考點(diǎn)講解詳見(jiàn)P24“考點(diǎn)3”)4．動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析命題點(diǎn)1同一動(dòng)詞型(1)look短語(yǔ)(2018、T45；2014、T36)lookat看lookfor尋找lookafter照顧looklike看起來(lái)像lookover仔細(xì)檢查lookupto欽佩；仰慕lookout當(dāng)心lookaround環(huán)顧四周lookthrough瀏覽lookforwardto期待lookup查閱(字典)；抬頭看(2)get短語(yǔ)getoff下車(chē)getup起床getto到達(dá)getin當(dāng)選；進(jìn)入getaway逃離getback回來(lái)getover克服getlost迷路getout離開(kāi)geton上車(chē)；進(jìn)展geton/alongwith與……相處getreadyfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備(3)put短語(yǔ)putaway把……收好puton穿上；上演putoff推遲putout熄滅putdown寫(xiě)下；記下putup搭建；張貼(4)take短語(yǔ)(2021、T50；2017、T34)takeoff起飛；脫掉takeafter長(zhǎng)得像takeup占據(jù)；從事takein吸收；吸入takeplace發(fā)生takepridein以……為榮takecareof照顧takepartin參加(5)turn短語(yǔ)turnon打開(kāi)turnoff關(guān)掉turnup調(diào)高(音量)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身turndown調(diào)低(音量)；拒絕命題點(diǎn)2同一介詞/副詞型(1)for短語(yǔ)waitfor等待askfor請(qǐng)求carefor照顧；喜歡lookfor尋找payfor支付standfor代表leavefor動(dòng)身前往……preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備(2)out短語(yǔ)lookout小心comeout出來(lái)；出版setout出發(fā)；開(kāi)始cutout切掉goout出去handout發(fā)放；分發(fā)leaveout忽略；不提及runout用完；用盡findout找出pointout指出sellout賣(mài)完；售完hangout閑逛bringout使顯現(xiàn)takeout拿出；取出workout成功地發(fā)展；解決(3)up短語(yǔ)addup加起來(lái)callup打電話cheerup使振奮bringup養(yǎng)育cleanup打掃clearup清理dressup打扮getup起床cutup切碎eatup吃光endup結(jié)束；告終fixup安裝；修理giveup放棄growup成長(zhǎng)hangup掛起來(lái)lookup查閱；查找makeup組成；編造mixup弄錯(cuò)；弄亂putup張貼；搭建pickup拾起；接(某人)setup創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦showup出現(xiàn)；露面standup起立stayup熬夜turnup偶然出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高(音量)takeup占據(jù)；從事(4)down短語(yǔ)cutdown砍倒；削減knockdown撞倒letdown使……失望turndown拒絕；調(diào)小writedown寫(xiě)下；記下liedown躺下putdown放下；寫(xiě)下takedown拆除；記下(5)about短語(yǔ)careabout關(guān)心；在乎hearabout聽(tīng)說(shuō)knowabout了解thinkabout考慮worryabout擔(dān)心talkabout談?wù)?6)away短語(yǔ)takeaway帶走getaway逃離dieaway逐漸消失giveaway贈(zèng)送throwaway扔掉washaway沖走putaway把……收好runaway逃跑(7)off短語(yǔ)breakoff中斷cutoff阻擋；割掉falloff從……跌下shutoff關(guān)掉keepoff不接近payoff還清(債務(wù))putoff推遲seeoff為……送行showoff炫耀getoff離開(kāi)；下(車(chē)、馬等)turnoff關(guān)掉gooff(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲命題點(diǎn)3混合型(2016、T37&T55；2015、T46&T48&T51)更多動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詳見(jiàn)《晨讀背記手冊(cè)》P21—P25內(nèi)容！動(dòng)詞拼寫(xiě)(必考，單詞拼寫(xiě)考查)用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Hewouldratherstay(stay)athomethanhang(hang)outwithfriends.2．Whenwillthedinnerbe(be)ready?I'mhungry.3．IfelttiredbecauseIcarried(carry)aboxofbooksbackhomeonmyown.4．Jennyteaches(teach)Englishinamiddleschoolandshelovesherjob.5．Isawhimworking(work)inthegardenwhenIpassedbyyesterday.單詞拼寫(xiě)。6．(2021南寧馬山縣一模)Whowouldyouliketoinvite(邀請(qǐng))toyourbirthdayparty?7．(2021北海二模改編)Whenyouareexercising,itcanhelptohavesomeoneencourage(鼓勵(lì))you.8．Ifyoulikereading，youcanborrow(借)somebooksfromthelibrary.9．Let'splantmoretreestoprotectourenvironment.10．It'sourdutytocleantheclassroomeveryday.1．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，通常可以判斷空格處是否填動(dòng)詞、其在句中的成分及是否需要變形。動(dòng)詞原形(僅2019年未考)在此題型中是考查的重點(diǎn)，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(2021、T77)考查過(guò)一次。2．用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2020年起新增)需分析該動(dòng)詞所在的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷其在句中是否作謂語(yǔ)，同時(shí)注意時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞和語(yǔ)境確定單詞的正確形式。此外，要注意使用動(dòng)詞原形的情況：(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形(2021、T79；2020、T78)，如can，should，may，need，will，must，shall等；(2)助動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形，如do，does，did，will，shall等；(3)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”；(4)祈使句中用動(dòng)詞原形(2020、T76)；(5)一些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后可接動(dòng)詞原形，如see，hear，watch，make，let，have等；(6)某些特殊句式或固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如Whynot/don't…？，wouldrather…，hadbetter…等。3．根據(jù)首字母提示填空(2020年起取消此題型)結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，通?？梢耘袛嗫崭裉幨欠裉顒?dòng)詞，其在句中的成分及是否需要變形。動(dòng)詞原形(8年4考)同樣是此題型考查的重點(diǎn)?！魟?dòng)詞語(yǔ)法失分點(diǎn)規(guī)避點(diǎn)撥與針對(duì)練失分點(diǎn)1確定空格處填動(dòng)詞，但不知用哪種形式例題：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Heoften________(get)upatsix.2．We________(go)toShanghaiforvacationlastyear.3．Wemust________(wear)theschooluniformonschooldays.4．Let's________(clean)theclassroomafterschool.【點(diǎn)撥】1.考查人稱(chēng)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。首先由關(guān)鍵詞often可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)He是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，此處應(yīng)填gets。2.lastyear是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的顯著時(shí)間標(biāo)志，要注意go的過(guò)去式為不規(guī)則變化，此處應(yīng)填went。3.考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞原形”的用法。此處應(yīng)填wear。4.考查特殊句式(祈使句)“Let's＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他．”。此處應(yīng)填clean?！緦?duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Tonyoften__speaks__(speak)Englishwithhisfriends.2．Nobody__likes__(like)himbecauseheoftentellslies.3．Janestayedathomeand__cleaned__(clean)thehouse.4．Don'tarrive(arrive)latefortomorrow'sschooltrip.5．Somestudentswere__talking__(talk)whentheteachercamein.失分點(diǎn)2確定填動(dòng)詞的名詞形式，但不知如何變形例題：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Lindawantstobeanexcellent________(sing).2．Awisemanoftenmakesawise________(choose).3．Theteacher's________(die)madeusverysad.【點(diǎn)撥】分析這三個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處都應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的名詞形式。1.sing對(duì)應(yīng)的職業(yè)名詞是singer，表示“歌手”。2.句意為：智者通常會(huì)做出明智的選擇。choose的名詞形式是choice，表示“選擇”。3.句意為：這位老師的去世使我們很悲傷。die的名詞形式是death，表示“死亡”，注意這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞時(shí)的特殊變化?！緦?duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．SuBingtianisafamous__runner__(run).2．Weneedthreemore__players__(play)foroursoccerteam.3．Let'stake__action__(act)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdowntrees.4．Thankyouforgivingme__advice__(advise).5．Everyyearmany__visitors__(visit)cometoGuangxi.eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(語(yǔ)法綜合演練))一、選擇填空。(A)1.(2021鹽城)Aliceoften________thefunofdoingDIYwithus.Sheissocreative!A．sharesB．providesC．makesD．gives(B)2.(2021山西改編)—To________oureyesight,we'dbetterrelaxforawhileafterreadingforalongtime.—Iagreewithyou.A．harmB．protectC．rememberD．examine(A)3.(2021貴港)—WhatdoyouthinkofJack?—Heishonest.Allofus________him.A．trustB．refuseC．protectD．hate(A)4.(2021丹東)Mother'sDay________usonceeveryyeartobethankfultomothers.A．remindsB．warnsC．requiresD．promises(D)5.(2021襄陽(yáng))—Wouldyouplease________whatyousaid?—Sure.Iaskedyoutohavearest.It'stoohottoday.A．showB．spellC．reviewD．repeat(A)6.(2021南京)Thedrama“Yuhuayao”________citizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty'shistory.A．providedB．guardedC．comparedD．protected(A)7.(2021樂(lè)山改編)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyou________alifewithoutit?A.imagineB．expectC．understandD．produce(D)8.(2021武漢)Theofficialnewspaper________thenewsofTiangong1,forittookabigstepforwardintospace.A．heardB．checkedC．believedD．celebrated(A)9.(2021天津)Thegovernmentplansto________morejobsforyoungpeopleinwesternChina.A．createB．a(chǎn)voidC．borrowD．guess(A)10.—CouldyouhelpmeimprovemyEnglishwriting?—Ofcourse.Iwon't________yourrequest.You'remybestfriend.A．turndownB．writedownC．putdownD．takedown(B)11.(2021菏澤改編)—Doyouthinkitnecessaryforteenagerstolearncookingathome?—Sure.Cookingis________animportantpartofeducationinChina.A．preparedforB．regardedasC．comparedwithD．worriedabout(C)12.(2021山西改編)Indailylife,everyoneshould________thelies.Afterall,beinghonestcomesfirst.A．payattentiontoB．getusedtoC．stayawayfromD．takecareof(D)13.(2021鄂州)—WhydoesLindadislikeme?—Idon'tknow.You'llhaveto________thereasonyourself.A．gooutB．bringoutC．comeoutD．findout二、單詞拼寫(xiě)。1．Womenusually__spend__(花費(fèi))muc