初中英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks 第2課時(shí)課件2

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecitypark.SectionAGrammarFocusI’dliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.GrammarFocusMariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidsleantoread.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.

動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)其作賓語，狀語，賓補(bǔ)的用法。(一)動(dòng)詞不定式

一.作賓語

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。例：Iwanttotellyouastory.Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.Don’tforgettolockthedoor.Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?

二.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.

Pleaseletmehelpyou.

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語所做的動(dòng)作，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官聽覺動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb.+todosth.

例：

Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.

Iwantyoutogonow.

Herparentswishhertobeateacher.

2.省“to”的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

Let/make/have+sb.+dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.

Theboymadethebabycry.

see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.

Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.

3.可省可不省的：

helpsb.（to）dosth.

Ioftenhelpmymother（to）dohousework.否定形式：（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.

（2）省to的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not.例：

Lettheboynotgo.三.作狀語:（1）作目的狀語。如：Hestoppedtohavearest.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用inorderto或soasto+動(dòng)詞原形，soasto不用于句首。如：

Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.（2）作結(jié)果狀語。如：

Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀語。如:I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions...e.g.I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.PhrasalverbSentenceMeaningcheerupHelookssad.Let’scheerhimup.makesbhappiergiveoutWe’regoingtogiveoutmoneytothepoor.handoutcomeupwith

Weneedtocomeupwithsomeideas.thinkup(二)動(dòng)詞短語一、定義

動(dòng)詞之后加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語,表達(dá)一種特定的含義,稱為動(dòng)詞短語。二、分類

1.動(dòng)詞+介詞

2.動(dòng)詞+副詞

3.其它類動(dòng)詞詞組1.動(dòng)詞+介詞

lookat看looklike看上去像

lookafter照料listento聽

welcometo歡迎到……sayhelloto向……問好

speakto對(duì)……說此類短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須帶賓語，但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。e.g.Heislookingafterhissister.Shealwaystakescareofthesechildren.2.動(dòng)詞+副詞“動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語義分為兩類：

A．動(dòng)詞（vt.）+副詞

puton穿上

takeoff脫下

writedown記下此類短語可以帶賓語，賓語若是名詞，放在副詞前后皆可；賓語若是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。e.g.Hetookoffhiscoat.B．動(dòng)詞（vi）+副詞

comeon趕快

getup起床

gohome回家

comein進(jìn)來

sitdown坐下

standup起立此類短語屬于不及物動(dòng)詞,不可以帶賓語。e.g.Comeon!Thebusiscoming!closethedoorlookthesamegotowork/classbeillhavealook/seathavesupperlookyounggoshoppingwatchTV/gamesplaygames3、其它類動(dòng)詞詞組1.由put引導(dǎo)的短語putawayputonputupputoffputintoputdownputout常用短語及用法把……放好穿上，把……放在……上舉起，表現(xiàn)出，張貼推遲，拖延把……放入，把……翻譯成……記下，放下放出，伸出2.由give引導(dǎo)的短語giveupgiveingiveoutgiveawaygivebackgiveoff放棄屈服，讓步分發(fā)，散發(fā)；用盡，耗盡捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)歸還，恢復(fù)發(fā)出，放出3.由call引導(dǎo)的短語

calloncallupcallincallatcallfor訪問（某人）；號(hào)召；要求打電話給……；使人想起……找來，請(qǐng)來訪問(某處)；(車，船等)停靠(某處)需要，要求４.由take

引導(dǎo)的短語

takebacktakeaftertakeawaytakedowntakeuptakeovertakeoff拿回；使疑惑像……拿走，減去寫下，記下；拆卸占據(jù)空間接過……；接管脫下；飛機(jī)起飛5.由look引導(dǎo)的短語

lookafterlookforlookatlookintolookthroughlookoutlookoutoflookuplooklike照顧，照料尋找，找……看……調(diào)查；向……里看瀏覽，快速地看小心向……外看查找，查詢；向……上看看起來像……6.由show引導(dǎo)的短語

showupshowoffshowaround出現(xiàn)，露面炫耀，賣弄帶……參觀……7.由turn引導(dǎo)的短語turnupturnonturnoffturndownturntoturnoverturninturnout把(音量)開大；出現(xiàn)，到達(dá)打開關(guān)掉(煤氣、水、電等)把(音量)關(guān)小；拒絕向……求助；轉(zhuǎn)向……翻轉(zhuǎn)，翻身歸還，就寢結(jié)果是……，證明是……；生產(chǎn)1.Iwantto_______myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.I’mtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto________________atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedvolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.4aFillintheblankswithphrasalverbsinthebox.putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoffputoffcallup3.Ourclassistryingto____________someideasto_________sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_________signsaroundtheschooland_________noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_________themoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople.comeupwithcheerupputuphandoutgiveout4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.helpmovedomakevisitspendMostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_________lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_______forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando__________others.Therearemanypeopletodotohelptomakewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway__________ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans_________sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthstoayear __________toanotherplace，likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeopletheretospendtovisittomove4cCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.1.I’dliketovolunteer___________________.2.At12:00a.m.,Icalledmyfriend____________________________________________.3.I’mverybusybutIcouldhelp______________________________________________4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant________________________________________5.Iwanttotravelalone.Myparentstoldme(not)________________________________.PairworkChoosethebestanswer.

()1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster?Myflightis_______.

A.takingoff

B.gettingoff

C.turningoff

D.puttingoff()2.---Howistheplaygoing?---Wearegoingto_______tomorrow.A.putonit

B.putitoff

C.putiton

D.putoffit()3.Wehaveto_______ourthingsifwetravelonatrainorabus.A.lookat

B.lookup

C.looklike

D.lookafterABD()4.Ifyou______anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.A.keepupwith

B.catchupwith

C.feedupwith

D.comeupwith()5.Please_______theboxcarefully.Itisfilledwithglasses.A.putdown

B.puton

C.putoff

D.puttogether()6.---________!There’sacarcoming!---Oh.Thanks.A.Lookover

B.Lookup

C.Lookon

D.LookoutDAD

()7.It’sverycoldtoday.You’dbetterput_____yourcoatwhenyougoout.

A.away

B.down

C.on

D.up()8.Lucy,couldyoupleasehelpme_____themapontheblackboard?

A.putinto

B.putup

C.putout

D.puton()9.“Getaladder,please.Ican’t_____.”Jimsaidinatalltree.

A.comeback

B.comeout

C.comedown

D.comeoverC

B

C()10.Ican’tseethewordsclearly.CanI_____thelight?

A.turnon

B.putoff

C.holdon

D.takeoff(